All terms to know:  Implemented Canada's Involvement:

discriminatory policies,
 Totalitarianism: Control all parts of society to particularly against Jews.  Declaration: Canada declared war on Germany on
achieve goals  Passed the Nuremberg September 10, 1939, choosing to join the war
 Fascism: Far-right authoritarian political ideology Laws (1936) to independently of Britain.
institutionalize racial  Military Readiness: At the time, Canada was not
o Dictatorial power fully prepared for war, having a small military
discrimination.
o Forcible suppression of opposition force.
 Aggressively pursued
o Strong structuring of society into
territorial expansion.
gender roles and class Phony War:
o Glorification of war and nationalism  Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union):
 Appeasement: Giving into the demands of another o Rise to Power:
 Description: Period of inactivity on the Western
group  Took over after Lenin’s
 League of Nations: International organization that Front after the fall of Poland and before the major
death in 1924, though
was meant to stop war Nazi offensive in the west.
Lenin opposed his
 Defensive Preparations: Allies fortified positions;
succession.
 Rhineland: Important industrial region of Germany reliance on structures like the Maginot Line.
that bordered France o Key Actions:
 Sudetenland: Region of Czechoslovakia where  Launched the Five-Year Fall of France (1940):
many German-speakers lived Plans to industrialize and
 Militarization: Process of becoming ready for modernize the Soviet  Tactics: German forces bypassed the heavily
conflict or war economy. fortified Maginot Line through the Ardennes
 Isolationist: Policy of staying out of international
 Established a "cult of Forest, catching the Allies by surprise.
affairs or disputes
 Non-Aggression Pact: Treaty where two countries personality," portraying  Outcome: Rapid German advance led to the
agree not to fight each other himself as a heroic capture of Paris and the establishment of the Vichy
 Blitzkrieg: Method of offensive warfare designed leader. government in unoccupied France.
to strike a swift, focused blow  Conducted the Great
o Characterized by: Purge in the late 1930s, Miracle of Dunkirk:
▫ Speed eliminating perceived
threats.  Event: The evacuation of Allied soldiers from the
▫ Combined arms (Land +
beaches of Dunkirk, France, under dire
Air) Slide 2: The Policy of Appeasement: circumstances.
▫ Encirclement  Significance: Despite being a retreat, the
▫ Strategic objectives Major Events and Policies: successful evacuation of approximately 340,000
 Total War: Participants willing to make any soldiers boosted British morale.
sacrifice in lives and other resources to win  Remilitarization of the Rhineland:
 Allies: Great Britain, USA, Canada, USSR o Event: Germany remilitarized the Battles: 1. The Battle of Britain (July - October 1940):
 Axis: Germany, Japan, Italy Rhineland in 1936, violating the
 Internment: Imprisonment of people, commonly in Treaty of Versailles.  Overview: The first major campaign fought
large groups, without charges. o Significance: It was a gamble by entirely by air forces, the RAF defended the UK
 Deportation: Forcing someone to leave a country Hitler to expand territory without against large-scale attacks by the Luftwaffe.
facing significant opposition, thus  Significance: Demonstrated the importance of air
Notes: Slide 1: Historical Context - Europe After WWI: superiority and radar technology. The Luftwaffe's
strengthening his regime.
failure to destroy the RAF was a critical factor in
 Economic Instability: Widespread unemployment,
the postponement of Operation Sea Lion, Hitler's
poverty, and inflation.
plan for an amphibious invasion of Britain.
 Political Unrest: Dissatisfaction with democratic Anschluss (Annexation of Austria):
governments. 2. Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941):
 Fear of Communism: Increased support for fascist  Event: Germany annexed Austria in 1938 without
regimes due to fear of socialist movements. significant resistance, aiming to unify all German-  Overview: Surprise military strike by the Japanese
 Ineffective International Response: Aggressive speaking peoples. Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl
acts by dictators were often met with ineffective  Impact: Demonstrated the weakness of Harbor, Hawaii.
responses from international bodies like the international response and emboldened Hitler's  Impact: Led to the United States' entry into World
League of Nations. expansionist strategies. War II. The attack aimed to prevent the U.S.
Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions
Notable Dictators: Munich Agreement and Sudetenland: the Japanese planned in Southeast Asia.

 Benito Mussolini (Italy):  Event: In 1938, the Munich Agreement permitted 3. Battle of Midway (June 4-7, 1942):
o Rise to Power: Nazi Germany's annexation of the Sudetenland as
 Founded the Fascist part of appeasement policies led by Neville  Overview: Naval battle in the Pacific Theater, six
Party in 1919. Chamberlain and Édouard Daladier. months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor.
 Led the March on Rome  Outcome: Intended to secure peace by conceding  Outcome: U.S. Navy decisively defeated an
in 1922, leading to his to Hitler's demands, yet it only delayed and did not attacking fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy,
appointment as Prime prevent the war. marking a turning point in the Pacific War.
Minister.
 Established a dictatorship Key Figures: 4. Battle of Stalingrad (August 1942 - February 1943):
shortly thereafter.
o Key Actions:  Neville Chamberlain: British Prime Minister  Overview: Major battle on the Eastern Front; Nazi
 Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 known for his policy of appeasement, particularly Germany fought the Soviet Union for control of
to "restore" the Roman his role in the Munich Agreement. the city of Stalingrad.
Empire.  Adolf Hitler: Dictator of Nazi Germany, whose  Significance: Marked the turning point of the war
 Faced criticism from the aggressive expansionist policies were initially met in Eastern Europe, with German forces suffering
League of Nations but with appeasement from European leaders. significant casualties and ultimately surrendering
faced no real to the Soviets.
Slide 3: Start of the War:
consequences.
 Adolf Hitler (Germany): 5. D-Day, Normandy Invasion (June 6, 1944):
2. Events Leading to WWII:
o Rise to Power:
 Overview: Allied invasion of Normandy in
 Became leader of the  Invasion of Poland (1939): Operation Overlord during World War II; largest
Nazi Party in 1921.  Blitzkrieg Tactics: Germany employed rapid, seaborne invasion in history.
 After the failed Beer Hall coordinated assaults combining air and ground  Outcome: Established a Western Allied front in
Putsch in 1923, wrote forces. Continental Europe, leading to the liberation of
Mein Kampf in prison.  Outcome: Quick defeat of Polish defenses; led to a Western Europe from Nazi control.
 Appointed Chancellor of division of Poland between Nazi Germany and the
Germany in 1933, later Soviet Union under the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. 6. Battle of the Atlantic (1939-1945):
became Führer.  Impact: Britain and France declared war on
o Key Actions: Germany, marking the official start of World War  Overview: Longest continuous military campaign
II on September 3, 1939. in World War II, involving the Allied naval
 blockade of Germany, Axis naval and air forces,  Integration Challenges: Japanese immigrants faced  Hiroshima: The bomb dropped on August 6, 1945,
and U-boats. significant hostility in British Columbia, which resulting in approximately 70,000 instant deaths
 Key Element: Focused on the strategic importance was predominantly seen as a "white" society. and 130,000 injuries.
of shipping routes, with Allies aiming to protect  1907 Vancouver Race Riots: Marked a significant  Nagasaki: Bombed on August 9, 1945, leading to
convoys transporting military equipment and episode of racial violence driven by anti-Asian further massive casualties and devastation.
supplies from North America to Europe. sentiment.
 Immigration Policies: Racist policies aimed to 5. Conclusion of the War:
7. Italian Campaign (July 1943 - May 1945): restrict Asian immigration, although men already
in Canada could bring over their families.  Japanese Surrender: Japan officially surrendered
 Overview: Allied forces landed on Sicily and later on September 2, 1945, marking the end of World
advanced to the Italian mainland to remove Axis Internment During WWII: War II.
forces from the Peninsula.  Aftermath: The war resulted in approximately 70
 Challenges: Harsh conditions and strong German  Pearl Harbor Impact: Following the attack on Pearl million deaths, over half of whom were civilians.
defenses; significant battles include the Battle of Harbor, 22,000 people of Japanese ancestry living  Canada's Post-War Status: Emerged with a
Ortona and the breaking of the Winter Line. in British Columbia were classified as enemy stronger sense of national identity and international
aliens. recognition, having contributed significantly
8. El Alamein (October 23 - November 11, 1942):  Internment Measures: They were removed from throughout the conflict.
the coast and interned in remote areas across
 Overview: A series of battles in the Western Canada, with many men placed in labor camps. Introduction to the Holocaust:
Desert of Egypt, part of the North African  Family Impact: Families could stay together if they
Campaign. agreed to move to farms in remote areas like  Period: Began in January 1933 with Hitler's rise to
 Impact: The Allied victory under British General Okanagan, Alberta, and Manitoba. power and ended in May 1945 with the defeat of
Bernard Montgomery was a significant turning Nazi Germany.
point, preventing Axis forces from advancing into Post-War Legacies:  Definition: The Holocaust, also known as the
Egypt and accessing Middle Eastern oil supplies. Shoah, involved the systematic extermination of
 Options Post-War: Interned Japanese Canadians six million Jews and millions of other individuals
9. Operation Barbarossa (June 22, 1941): were given two options; either move "east of the deemed undesirable by the Nazi regime.
Rockies" or leave Canada for Japan.
 Overview: Code name for the Axis invasion of the  Return to Japan: Initially, over 10,000 agreed to Antisemitism: Hostility towards Jews based on prejudiced
Soviet Union, which began the Eastern Front. go, but due to pressures and changing views of them as a distinct racial or ethnic group.
 Outcome: Despite initial success, the campaign circumstances, only about 4,000 eventually left.
failed to achieve its objectives, and the harsh  Community Impact: The internment and  Historical Blame: Jews have historically been
Russian winter and stiff Soviet resistance led to subsequent relocations broke many Japanese scapegoated for various societal problems,
significant Axis losses. Canadian communities, which took a long time to including economic crises like the Great
rebuild. Depression and the Black Death.
Slide 6: Women & Homefront in WWII:
Slide 8: End of World War II Nuremberg Race Laws:
Total War Impact:
Liberation of Europe:  Enactment: 1935 laws that stripped Jews of
 Government had control over the economy for the German citizenship, banned intermarriage and
war effort, including:  D-Day Landings: The Allied forces began the sexual relations between Jews and non-Jewish
 Department of Munitions and Supplies: liberation of France following the D-Day landings Germans, and segregated Jews legally from the
Empowered to take necessary actions for war in June 1944. "Aryan" population.
production.  Paris: Liberated in August 1944 as the Allies  Definition of Jewishness: Anyone with three or
 Industries redirected to manufacture war goods pushed the Germans back across Western Europe. four Jewish grandparents was considered Jewish,
irrespective of their usual outputs.  Battle of the Bulge: In December 1944, the regardless of their personal faith or practices.
 Crown Corporations: Government-owned Germans launched a final counteroffensive in the
companies set up to produce war supplies. Ardennes, which ultimately failed. German Rule in Occupied Europe:
 Liberation of Netherlands: Canadian forces were
British Commonwealth Air Training Plan:  Objective: Dominate and repopulate Eastern
tasked with liberating the Netherlands in early
European territories with German citizens,
1945.
 Canada, led by Prime Minister Mackenzie King, exploiting local resources and labor.
 Fall of Berlin: The Soviet Union captured Berlin in
contributed by hosting an air pilot training  Treatment Disparity: Harsh treatment of Eastern
April 1945, leading to the surrender of Germany
program. Europeans based on Nazi racial policies, viewing
on May 7, 1945.
 Objective: Train pilots and aircrew members from them as inferior to "Germanic" people.
across the Commonwealth.
2. Bombing Campaign:
 Significance: Trained over 130,000 personnel, half Plan: Exterminate all Jews in Europe primarily through mass
of whom joined the RCAF.  Strategic Bombing: By 1943, the Allies had killings at extermination camps like Auschwitz.
escalated their bombing campaigns over Germany
Conscription in Canada: Evolution: Initially, Nazis sought to force Jews to emigrate;
aiming to cripple industrial production and
escalated to mass extermination when other methods failed.
demoralize the civilian population.
 Initially opposed by Mackenzie King to avoid
 Day and Night Raids: British and Canadian forces
dividing the country. The fall of France pressured Extermination Camps: Major Camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau,
conducted night-time bombing raids, while
the government into allowing conscription. Belzec, Chelmno, Majdanek, Sobibor, and Treblinka.
American forces targeted during the day.
Initially, conscription was for Canadian defense
 Casualties: High casualty rates were experienced, Selection Process: Those deemed unfit for work, like the
only. Overseas conscription approved in 1942,
with 10,000 Canadian bomber crew members elderly, sick, disabled, and young children, were typically
implemented in 1944.
killed, representing a quarter of Canadian military executed upon arrival.
 Result: Resentment and betrayal felt particularly in
fatalities during the war.
Quebec.
Auschwitz: Significance: Largest of the death camps, central to
3. The Pacific War: Nazi extermination efforts.
Slide 7: Internment of Japanese-Canadians During WWII
 American Strategy: Involved liberating territories Casualties: Estimated 1.1 million people died at Auschwitz.
Historical Context:
captured by Japan and "island hopping" to strategic
 Early Immigration: The first Japanese immigrants, locations leading towards Japan. Experiments: Dr. Josef Mengele performed brutal experiments
known as Issei ("first generation"), arrived in  Japanese Defense: Characterized by fanatical on twins, dwarfs, and disabled individuals.
Canada in the late 1800s, settling primarily in resistance including the use of kamikaze pilots.
British Columbia.  Bushido: The "way of the warrior" ethos Liberation: Allied forces discovered and liberated concentration
 Occupations: Initially, most were men engaged in influenced the fierce Japanese resistance against camps, exposing the atrocities.
fishing, boat building, farming, and labor-intensive the advancing Allies.
Survivors' Challenges: Many survivors faced violence and
industries like mining and sawmills.
4. Hiroshima and Nagasaki: persecution when attempting to return to their homes post-war.
 Community Development: Over time, these
immigrants began opening businesses and
 Manhattan Project: Development of the atomic Nuremberg Trials: Prosecuted Nazi leaders for war crimes and
integrating into Canadian society.
bomb by US and British scientists, with Canada crimes against humanity, establishing legal precedents for
supplying uranium. international law.
Settling In: