GERUNDS/ INFINITIVES

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I. Gerunds (V-ing)
 Use V-ing after the following verbs:
• Avoid (tránh) • Keep (tiếp tục)
• Deny (phủ nhận) • Miss (nhớ /bỏ lỡ)
• Enjoy (thưởng thức) • Admit (thừa nhận)
• Finish (hoàn thành) • Support (ủng hộ)
• Give up (từ bỏ) • Start/ begin (bắt đầu)
• Mind (phiền) • Delay (trì hoãn)
• Spend (dành) • Suggest (đề nghị)
• Delay (trì hoãn) • Hate (ghét)
• Imagine = fancy (tưởng tượng) • Prevent (ngăn ngừa)
• Like/ love/ hate/ enjoy/ dislike + V-ing : sở thích
 Use V-ing after the following verb phrases:
 look forward to: mong chờ
 be/get used to/get accustomed to: quen với
 object to: phản đối, chống lại
 can’t help/stand: không thể ngăn chặn, tránh
 can’t stand: không thể chịu được
 think about: nghĩ về
 apologize for: xin lỗi về
 look forward to: mong đợi
 Use V-ing when using go + verb construction with the following verbs:
 Camp à go camping (đi cắm trại)
 Hunt à go hunting (đi săn bắn)
 Skate à go skating (đi trượt băng)
 Dance à go dancing (đi khiêu vũ)
 Jog à go jogging (đi bộ)
 Swim à go swimming (đi bơi)
 Shop à go shopping (đi mua sắm)
 Fish à go fishing (đi câu cá)
 Sightsee à go sightseeing (đi ngắm cảnh)
 Use only V-ing after a preposition
• About • From • With
• In • Before • For
• At • After
• On • Of
  Use V-ing after the following expressions:
 can’t help = can’t bear = can’t stand = can’t resist: không thể chịu được
 It is no good / it is no use: vô ích / không có ích
 Have trouble: lo lắng, phiền muộn
 There is no way… không còn cách
 Have a good time: vui vẻ
 Have a hard time = have difficulty : gặp khó khăn
 S + prefer + V-ing + to + V-ing : thích làm việc gì hơn việc gì khác
 Be busy: bận rộn)
 Be worth: đáng ,xứng đáng
I. Infinitives (to-inf)
 Use to-inf after the following verbs:
• Agree (đồng ý) • Seem (dường như)
• Decide (quyết định) • Beg (cầu xin)
• Expect (mong chờ) • Demand (yêu cầu)
• Fail (thất bại) • Claim (đòi hỏi, thỉnh cầu)
• Hope (hi vọng) • Afford (đủ khả năng)
• Want (muốn) • Deserve (xứng đáng)
• Need (cần) • Threaten (đe dọa)
• Refuse (từ chối) • Be able (có khả năng)
• Plan/ intend (dự định) • Mean (muốn)
• Swear (thề) • Pretend (giả vờ)
• Promise (hứa) • Urge (thúc giục)
• Manage (xoay sở) • Order (ra lệnh)
 Use to-inf after the following verb plus their objects:
• Allow (cho phép)
• Permit (cho phép)
• Ask (hỏi, nhờ)
• Expect (mong chờ)
• Tell (bảo)
• Want (muốn)
• Would like (muốn)
• Advise (khuyên)
• Order (ra lệnh)
• Warn (cảnh báo)
• Request (yêu cầu)
• Require (đòi hỏi)
• Invite (mời)
• Remind (nhắc nhở)
 II. Gerunds and Infinitives
 After the following verbs, to-inf or V-ing have the same meanings:
• Begin (bắt đầu) • Like (thích)
• Start (bắt đầu) • Prefer (thích hơn)
• Hate (ghét) • Continue (tiếp tục)
 After the following verbs, to-inf or V-ing have different meanings:
1) Regret/Remember/Forget (Hối tiếc / nhớ / quên)
• V-ing: chỉ hành động ở quá khứ (đã xảy ra)
Ex: I’ll never forget seeing him the first time.
I remember learning this lesson.
• To-inf: chỉ hành động ở tương lai
Ex: Remember to invite her to the party.
I regret to say that I can’t help you.
2) Stop/finish (dừng lại, ngừng)
• V-ing: ngừng làm việc gì
Ex: I stop working for a moment.
• To-inf: ngừng để làm việc khác
Ex: I stop to eat.
3) Try
• V-ing: thử xem, thí nghiệm
Ex: He tried gardening, keeping pigs, but didn’t succeed in any of them.
• To-inf: cố gắng
Ex: I will try to help you.
4) mean + V-ing : nghĩa là
mean + to-Vo : muốn
Ex: It means learning hard. ( Điều đó có nghĩa là học chăm)
Do you mean to help him? ( Bạn có muốn giúp anh ấy không?)
5) need / want + to-Vo (muốn, cần gì mang ý nghĩa chủ động)
Need / want + V-ing (muốn, cần được làm gì, mang ý nghĩa bị động)
Ex: This tooth needs filling. ( Cái răng này cần được trám)
He needs to buy a book. ( anh ta cần mua 1 quyển sách.)

III. Bare-infinitive (V-inf)

1. Dùng sau các động từ khiếm khuyết
(will, shall, can, may, might, must, should = had better)
Ex: You must keep silent in class.
2. Sau các động từ
Have / let / make / help + O + Vo
Ex: The teacher makes us do this exercise.
Nhưng khi đổi sang bị động ta phải thêm to
Ex: We are made to do this exercise
3. Sau các động từ cảm quan
Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell + Vo
  Note:
Đối với các động từ cảm quan (Find/ catch / see / feel / hear / watch / notice / smell)
+ Nếu chỉ 1 hành động đang diễn ra thì ta dùng V-ing
+ Nếu chỉ hành động đã chấm dứt thì ta dùng Vo
+ Nếu ở thể bị động thì dùng “to + Vo”
4. would rather + V-inf : muốn
5. had better + V-inf : nên

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EXERCISES
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form : GERUND or INFINITIVE
( In some sentences, both forms are correct ).
1. I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind…………………………………….( wait ) for you.
2. My father gave up …………………………………….( smoke ) three years ago.
3. Would you mind ……………………..( keep ) silent ? I’m trying …….………(study).
4. I always try to avoid………………………………( borrow ) money from my friends.
5. The traffic was very heavy this morning, but I managed ……………………..( get )
to school on time.
6. Could you please stop ……………………………………….( make ) so much noise ?
7. I’ve put off ………………( write ) the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
8. Sarah gave up ………………………( try ) to find a job in this country and
decided……………… ( go ) abroad.
9. You can’t stop me ………………………..( do ) what I want.
10. They don’t have much money. They can’t afford………………( go ) out very often.
11. My mother can’t stand………………………( stay ) at home without doing anything.
12. How long have you been able…………………………………………(swim), John ?
13. You must promise…………………………………………….( not / be ) late again.
14. When I saw her in that funny hat, I couldn’t help……………………………( laugh).
15. They refused…………………..( lend ) him the money although he needed it badly.
16. Please, don’t forget……………………( post ) the letter for me today ! It’s urgent.
17. However, she did not plan………………………………( be ) a secretary all her life.
18. But she couldn’t imagine……………………..( do ) the same job for years and years.
19. The only thing that prevented her from………………………………( study ) law was
a lack of time and money.
20. She remembered …………………..( talk ) to her father before he became ill.
21. You must remember ……………………( buy ) some sugar. We haven’t got any now.
22. Don’t forget……………………………..( wake ) me up before six o’clock tomorrow.
23. I am looking forward to …………………………………………… (see) you.
24. I arranged …………………………………………… (meet) them here.
25. He urged us …………………………………………… (work) faster.
26. I wish…………………………………………… (see) the manager.
27. It's no use …………………………………………… (wait).
28. He warned her…………………………………………… (not touch) the wire.
29. Don't forget……………………………………… (lock) the door before (go) to bed.
30. My mother told me ………………………………… (not speak) to anyone about it.
31. He tried………………………………………… (explain) but she refused (listen).
32. At dinner she annoyed me by……….………………… (smoke) between the courses.
33. That was a very strange question…………………………………………… (ask)
34. It was very kind of you …………………………………………… (show) the way.
35. Tommy admitted (throw) ...................... the rock through the window.

II. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

36. Some high school students take part in ……the handicapped.
A. helping B. to help C. help D. being help
37. I am unable....... to the meeting on Monday evening, please apologise for my absence.
A. to come B. come C. coming D. to be come
38. I hate ....................... a child ........................ .
A. see/ crying B. see/ cry C. seeing/ to cry D. seeing/ cry
39. I notice the lorry ........................ down the hill.
A. to come B. came C. coming D. having come
40. Someone told us ........................... sit on the stairs.
A. don’t B. not C. not to D. to not
41. “Don’t forget to ring me”
A. I advised David to ring me B. I reminded David to ring me
C. I offered to be run D. You promised to ring me
42. The doctor advised him ......................... and to take up some sport.
A. stop smoke B. stop smoking
C. to stop smoking D. to stop to smoke
43. Professional people expect ................... when it is necessary to cancel an appointment.
A. you to call them B. that you would call them
C. you calling them D. that you are calling them
44. The conductor asked ......................... in the bus.
A. them to please not to smoke B. that they should not smoke
C. them not to smoke D. them not to smoke
45. I’d rather ........................... at home.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
46. Jack admitted ....................... the money.
A. steal B. to steal C. stealing D. stolen
47. Don’t ......................... him to arrive early. He’s always late.
A. think B. judge C. hope D. expect
48. I apologized ........................ the book at home.
A. for leaving B. to leaving C. leaving D. to leave

III. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. My father usually helps me_______ English.
a. to learn b. lean c. learning d. both a and b
2. He was heard_______ shout.
a. to b. of c. by d. at
3. This student expected_______ the first winner of the Grand Prix.
a. be b. being c. to be d. will be
4. I told her_______ about her wedding; everything will straighten out.
a. Don’t worry b. not to worry c. no worry d. not worry
5. May I suggest you let_______
a. Mary doing so b. Mary do so c. Mary does to d. Mary to do so
6. She_______ him when he called her.
a. pretended not hear b. pretended she heard not
c. pretended not to hear d. did not pretend hear
7. The doctor advised_______ late.
a. me not staying up b. me not stay up c. me not to stay up d. I did not
stay up
8. The school superintendent told me_______
a. hurrying up b. to hurry up c. hurry up d. hurried up
9. “_______us face the enemies”, shouted the soldiers.
a. Make b. Let c. Leave d. Keep
10. Mr. Brown told the schoolgirls_______ in class.
a. don’t ear b. not to eat c. eat not d. not eat
11. I have heard Dang Thai Son_______ the piano.
a. played b. plays c. play d. to play
12. The young teachers wanted a Foreign Language Teaching workshop _______ in Ho
Chi Minh City.
a. to be holding b. should hold c. to be held d. to hold
13. _______able to take part in the international math contest two years from now, Son
works very hard in his math lass.
a. In order to be b. Being c. Been d. So that he be
14. Try_______ so many mistakes.
a. not to make b. not make c. to make not d. make not
15. Let me_______ from you soon.
a. to hear b. hear c. hearing d. heard
16. John is too stupid_______ understand this.
a. to b. not to c. to not d. for
17. The wind is_______ to blow the roof off.
a. strong enough b. too strong c. quiet strong d. very strong
18. My father is _______ to stay up late.
a. too tired b. enough tired c. tired enough d. so tired
19. John wanted me_______ him.
a. to be helping b. help c. to help d. I help
20. I want_______ early tomorrow morning.
a. to leave b. leaving c. me leave d. me leaving