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Geography 05 - Mains Question

Intrusive volcanism is the process where magma solidifies below the Earth's surface, forming various landforms such as batholiths, phacoliths, dykes, sills, laccoliths, and lopoliths. Examples include the Sierra Nevada Batholith and the Cleveland Dyke, each illustrating different intrusive formations. These landforms are significant for understanding geological processes and have implications for mineral deposits and geothermal energy.

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Nishant Chahar
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7 views

Geography 05 - Mains Question

Intrusive volcanism is the process where magma solidifies below the Earth's surface, forming various landforms such as batholiths, phacoliths, dykes, sills, laccoliths, and lopoliths. Examples include the Sierra Nevada Batholith and the Cleveland Dyke, each illustrating different intrusive formations. These landforms are significant for understanding geological processes and have implications for mineral deposits and geothermal energy.

Uploaded by

Nishant Chahar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geography – Mains Question 05

1. What is intrusive volcanism? Elaborate on different types of intrusive volcanic landforms along with
examples. (10 Marks, 150 Words)
How to Approach the Question:
❖ Introduction: Define Intrusive Volcanic Landforms in 25-30 words.
❖ Body: Describe the different types of intrusive landforms along with examples in 70-90 words.
❖ Conclusion: Conclude by highlighting the significance of intrusive landforms in 25-30 words.

Answer:
Intrusive volcanism refers to the process by which magma solidifies below the Earth's surface, forming various
landforms as a result of volcanic activity. Unlike extrusive volcanism, where magma reaches the surface and
forms volcanic landforms like lava flows and volcanic cones, intrusive volcanism occurs beneath the surface,
leading to the formation of intrusive igneous rocks and landforms.
Different types of Intrusive Volcanic Landforms:
❖ Batholiths: Batholiths are large, dome-shaped intrusive formations that cover an area of more than 100
square kilometers. They are formed by the slow cooling and solidification of magma deep within the
Earth's crust and therefore are granitic in nature. Examples include the Murhapahar in Ranchi Plateau
and Sierra Nevada Batholith in California.
❖ Phacolith: These are folded structures below the earth surface. Phacolith are formed when magma gets
deposited at the anticline and syncline of a folded structure below the earth surface. Examples of a
phacolith include the Laurentian Highlands, Canada.
❖ Dykes: Dikes are vertical or near-vertical sheets of igneous rock that cut across existing rock
formations. They form when magma is forced into fractures or fissures in the Earth's crust and solidifies
underground. Examples of dykes include the Cleveland Dyke in England Murhapahar in Ranchi
Plateau.
❖ Sills: Sills are horizontal sheets of igneous rock that are parallel to the layers of pre-existing rock. They
form when magma is injected between layers of sedimentary or volcanic rock and solidifies underground.
Examples of sills include the Palisades Sill in New York and the Whin Sill in England.
❖ Laccoliths: Laccoliths are lens-shaped intrusive formations that are formed when magma is injected
between layers of sedimentary rock and causes the overlying rock layers to bulge upwards. They are
typically characterized by a flat base and a domed top. Examples of laccoliths include the Chota
Nagpur Plateau in Jharkhand and Henry Mountains in Utah.
❖ Lopoliths: Lopoliths are saucer-shaped intrusive formations that are formed when magma is injected
into the Earth's crust and causes the overlying rock layers to sag downwards. They are typically
characterized by a concave base and a flat top. Examples of lopoliths include the Transvaal in South
Africa and Duluth Complex in Minnesota.
These intrusive volcaninc landforms play a significant role in shaping the Earth's crust and are important
indicators of the geological processes that have occurred over millions of years. They can have a variety
of geological and economic implications, including the formation of mineral deposits and the generation
of geothermal energy.
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