Contents

1. Growth and its Disorders

• Normal growth and factors affecting growth
• Assessment of growth
• Failure to thrive

2. Normal and Abnormal Development

• Normal development
• Developmental assessment
• Approach to a child with global developmental delay (GDD)
• Approach to a child with delayed speech
• Cerebral palsy
• Mental retardation (intellectual disability)

3. Adolescent Health
• Growth and development in adolescents
• Sexual maturity rating
• Health problems in adolescents
• Management of adolescent care

4. Behavioral Disorders
• Pica
• Thumb sucking
• Enuresis
• Breath holding spells
• Attention deficit hyperkinetic disorder (ADHD)
• Autism spectrum disorder
• Eating disorders
 • Some miscellaneous behavioral disorders

5. Immunization
• Cold chain and vaccine storage
• Immunization Schedules 2019
– National immunization schedule
– IAP immunization schedule
– Immunizing adolescents
• Catch-up vaccination
• Combination vaccines
• Individual vaccines
– BCG vaccine
– DPT vaccine, pentavalent vaccine, DT, Tdap vaccine, TT
– Measles vaccine, MMR vaccine
– Polio vaccines
– Polio eradication—endgame strategy
– Hepatitis B vaccine
– Hepatitis A vaccine
– Pneumococcal vaccine
– Varicella vaccine
– Rotavirus vaccine
– Rabies vaccine
– Typhoid vaccine
– Human papillomavirus (HPV)
– Influenza vaccine
– MMR-V vaccine
– Hexavalent vaccine
• Adverse event following immunization (AEFI)
• Vaccine preventable disease surveillance

6. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances

• Maintenance and deficit fluid therapy
• Hyponatremia
• Hypernatremia
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperkalemia
• Acid–base balance and imbalance
7. Nutrition
• Normal nutrition
• Assessment of nutritional status
• Undernutrition
• Severe acute malnutrition and its management

8. Micronutrients in Health and Disease

• Vitamins
– Vitamin A
– Vitamin D
– Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
– Vitamin E (tocopherol)
– Vitamin K
– Vitamin B complex
• Minerals and trace elements
– Calcium
– Magnesium
– Zinc
– Iodine

9. Neonatology
• Some definitions and terminology related to newborn care
• Care of newborn at birth
– Routine care of newborn and neonatal resuscitation protocol
– Examination of normal newborn
– Danger signs in newborn
– Neonatal reflexes
• Thermoregulation in newborn
• Breastfeeding and complementary feeding
• Fluids and electrolytes in newborn
• Care of low birth weight babies
– Prematurity and IUGR
– Kangaroo mother care
– Feeding of low birth weight babies
– Growth monitoring in LBW babies
• Neonatal sepsis
• Gastrointestinal problems in newborn
– Neonatal jaundice
– Necrotizing enterocolitis
• Respiratory problems
– Apnea of prematurity
– Respiratory distress in neonate
– Hyaline membrane disease (RDS—respiratory distress
syndrome)
– Meconium aspiration syndrome
– Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
– Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
• Central nervous system problems in newborn
– Perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
– Neonatal seizures
– Intracranial hemorrhage and preterm brain injury
• Hematological problems in newborn
– Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
– Approach to a bleeding neonate
• Metabolic disorders
– Hypoglycemia
– Hypocalcemia
– Inborn errors of metabolism in newborn
• Effect of maternal conditions on fetus and neonate
– Infant of diabetic mother
– Congenital rubella syndrome
– Infant born to mother with tuberculosis
– Infant born to mother with hepatitis B infection
– Maternal syphilis affecting newborn
– Maternal medications affecting newborn
• Miscellaneous
– Birth injuries
– Follow-up of high-risk newborns
– Neonatal transport
– Hydrops fetalis
– Retinopathy of prematurity
– Approach to a neonate with delayed passage of meconium
after birth
 – Approach to a neonate with delayed passage of urine after
birth

10. Infections and Infestations

• Rational antimicrobial usage—curb your enthusiasm!
• Fever with rash
• Fever without focus
• Chemoprophylaxis
• Common infections in children
– Malaria
– Pediatric tuberculosis
– Measles
– Enteric fever
– Dengue
– Chickenpox (varicella)
– H1N1 infection (swine flu) or seasonal flu
– Diphtheria
– Whooping cough (pertussis)
– Tetanus
– Mumps
– Leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)
– Brucellosis
– Chikungunya
– Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
– Toxic shock syndrome
– Kala azar
– Rickettsial diseases
– Osteomyelitis (OM) in children
• Pediatric HIV and PPTCT
• Worm infestations in children
• Infection-induced HLH (hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis)
• Congenital infections

11. Disorders of Gastrointestinal System

• Acute diarrhea
• Persistent diarrhea
• Approach to chronic diarrhea
 • Lactose intolerance
• Celiac disease
• Vomiting in children
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Constipation in children
• Chronic (recurrent) abdominal pain in children
• Acute hepatitis
• Clinical relevance of common liver function tests
• Acute liver failure in children
• Neonatal cholestasis (prolonged cholestasis of infancy)
• Portal hypertension
• Ascites in children
• Metabolic liver disease (MLD)
• Liver transplantation

12. Hematological Disorders

• Anemia in children
– Deficiency anemias
◆ Iron deficiency anemia
◆ Megaloblastic anemia
◆ Infantile tremor syndrome
– Hemolytic anemias
◆ Thalessemia
◆ Sickle cell disease
◆ G6PD deficiency
◆ Hereditary spherocytosis
– Aplastic anemia
– Physiological anemia of infancy
• Approach to a bleeding child
• Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
• Hemophilia
• Von willebrand disease
• Blood component therapy

13. Disorders of Respiratory System

• Clinical pulmonology in a nutshell
 • The upper respiratory tract
• Allergic rhinitis (AR)
• Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
• Pneumonia in children
• Acute respiratory infection (ARI) control program
• Recurrent pneumonia
• Nosocomial pneumonia
• Bronchial asthma
• Bronchiolitis
• Approach to a child with recurrent wheeze
• Empyema
• Cystic fibrosis
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
• Foreign body inhalation
• Oxygen therapy
• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
• Chest physiotherapy

14. Disorders of Cardiovascular System

• Congenital heart disease
– Ventricular septal defect
– Patent ductus arteriosus
– Atrial septal defect
– Cyanosis in children
– Tetralogy of Fallot
– Miscellaneous CHDs
– Timing of intervention in CHDs
• Acute rheumatic fever
• Congestive heart failure
• Infective endocarditis
• Myocardial disorders
• Pericardial disorders
• Hypertension in children
• Arrhythmias in children
• Syncope in children
• Cardiac manifestations of systemic disorders
 • Prevention of adult cardiovascular disease—a pediatrician’s
perspective

15. Disorders of Kidney and Urinary Tract

• Clinical and laboratory evaluation of renal diseases
• Approach to a child with hematuria
• Disorders of glomerular function
– Nephrotic syndrome
– Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
– Acute glomerulonephritis
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome
• Acute kidney injury
• Renal replacement therapy
• Urinary tract infection in children
• Tubular disorders in children
– Renal tubular acidosis
– Bartter and Gitelman syndrome
• Urolithiasis (kidney stones)
• Congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract
• Antenatal hydronephrosis
• Cryptorchidism (undescended testis)
• Vesicoureteric reflux

16. Endocrine Disorders

• Thyroid disorders
• Disorders of parathyroid gland
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
• Disorders of sex differentiation (ambiguous genitalia)
• Precocious puberty
• Delayed puberty
• Obesity in children
• Short stature
• Diabetes mellitus
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
17. Central Nervous System and Neuromuscular
Disorders
• Febrile seizures and fever-related epilepsy
• Childhood epilepsy
• Status epilepticus
• Localization of neurological disorders
• Acute febrile encephalopathy
• Acute encephalitis syndrome
• Approach to altered level of consciousness and coma
• Acute pyogenic meningitis
• Lumbar puncture and clinical interpretation of CSF
examination
• Microcephaly and macrocephaly
• Hydrocephalus
• Neural tube defects
• Parasitic diseases of CNS: Neurocysticercosis
• Acute stroke syndrome in children
• Neurocutaneous syndromes
• Neurodegenerative disorders
• Approach to a child with headache
• Approach to a floppy infant
• Acute flaccid paralysis
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy

18. Childhood Malignancies

• Leukemias
• Lymphomas
• CNS malignancies
• Neuroblastoma
• Wilms tumor
• Retinoblastoma
• Bone tumors
• Histiocytosis

19. Pediatric Rheumatology

 • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Kawasaki’s disease and other vasculitides
• Systemic lupus erythematosus
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura

20. Childhood Genetic Disorders

• Basic genetics
• Down syndrome
• Turner syndrome
• Klinefelter syndrome
• Recent advances in genetics and gene therapy

21. Inborn Errors of Metabolism

• Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) in children—a simplified
approach
• Common IEMs
– Phenylketonuria
– Glycogen storage disorders (GSDs)
– Galactosemia
– Gaucher disease
– Mucopolysaccharidosis

22. Diseases of the Eye

• Congenital and developmental cataracts
• Red eye in children

23. Pediatric Dermatology

• Atopic dermatitis
• Scabies
• Napkin dermatitis (nappy rash dermatitis)
• Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS)
• Ichthyosis
• Stevens–Johnson syndrome
• Mongolian spots

24. Common ENT Problems

 • Acute otitis media
• Deafness in children
• Acute tonsillitis

25. Pediatric Dentistry

• Normal dentition
• Dental caries

26. Poisonings and Accidents

• General aspects of poisoning
• Approach to a patient with poisoning
• Kerosene poisoning
• Organophosphorous poisoning
• Some other common poisonings
• Envenomation
• Drowning
• Electrocution and lightning

27. Pediatric Critical Care

• Pediatric intensive care unit
• Basic life support and pediatric advanced life support
• Basics of mechanical ventilation
• Total parenteral nutrition
• Shock
• Pain management and sedation in pediatrics

28. Pediatric Surgical Conditions

• Pediatric GI surgical conditions
– Acute abdomen
– Foreign body in GIT
– Cleft lip and palate
– Tracheoesophageal fistula
– Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
– Pyloric stenosis
– Gastroschisis and omphalocele
– Duodenal atresia
 – Volvulus and malrotation of gut
– Anorectal malformation
• Pediatric urosurgical conditions
– Phimosis
– Epispadias
– Hypospadias
• Pediatric orthopedic conditions
– Developmental dysplasia of hip (congenital dislocation of
hip)
– CTEV
• Brachial plexus injury
• Optimal timing of surgery for common pediatric surgical
conditions

29. Community Pediatrics

• Integrated management of neonatal and childhood illnesses
(IMNCI)
• F-IMNCI
• Mamta kit
• Mamta card
• Under five clinics
• National health programs for child welfare and health
• Indicators of maternal and child health
• World breastfeeding week
• Child labor
• Child abuse and neglect
• Adoption
• Girl child—the “lesser” sex
• Effects of television viewing in children and screen time
• Fast food in pediatrics

30. Pediatrics for Practical Exam

• Format of pediatric case presentation
• Commonly asked practical cases—sample case presentations
with FAQs
– Thalassemia
– Cerebral palsy (GDD)
 – Nephrotic syndrome
– Rheumatic heart disease
– FAQs on CVS short cases
– Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBME)
• Format of newborn case presentation
• Sample case presentation with FAQs—newborn
• Commonly asked instruments
– Common instruments
– Inhalation devices in asthma
– Equipment for neonatal resuscitation
• Commonly asked drugs and IV fluids
• Pediatric radiology
Epilogue
Annexures
Index