10 TWo-way Slabs

10.1 Twe-way slabs

10.2 Support conditions
10.3 Twe-way simplysupported slab
10.4 Restrained two-way slabs
Examples
Exercise

10.1 TVWO-WAY SLABS : la s ie nD

If the slab is supported on all the four edges and if <2, the tendency of t
is to bend in both directions. Such slabs are called two slabs. Fig. 10.1
In case of two way slab deflection and bending is less, as compared to One way
Therefore, B.M. is also reduced. 1ss
on

B
MEMBRANEa ob
bySHORTER SIDE
B2 B2 ly=LONGER SIDE

SUPPORT 3otede
B aibeslt

FIG. 10.1
 383
sUPPORTCONDITIONS:
Acondingtosupport conditions, there are two types of two way slabs :
Two-way slab

Simplysupported slab
Restrained slab
Simply supported slab Restrained slab
down Corners are held down
Corners not held
loaded cormers are lifted When slab is loaded, corners are not
When slab is
up.
lifting up.
At corners,
torsion is not produced. At corners torsion is produced.
not
Therefore, torsion reintorcement is Therefore, torsion reinforcement is
required. provided at each corner.
provided
Edge strips are not Edge strips are provided.
Design the slab as per IS : 456-2000, Design the slab as per IS :456 - 2000,
P.90, CL.D-2 P.90, CI. D-1.

10.3 TWO0-WAY SIMPLY SUPPORTED SLAB:

(Corners not held down)
In simply supported two-way slab, when
loads are applied, corners are lifted up. As there
is no torsion produced in the corners, torsion
reinforcement is not provided at corners.
For the design, 1 m wide strip of slab is
considered in both the directions. This strip is
designed as a beam.
As per IS: 456 - 2000, P.90,
CI.D-2
1m
M,= a,wl,!
M, =aywl,

FIG. 10.2
384

where, w = total design load per unit area

coefficients given in table-27 offIS :
Structural
M, = moment on strip of unit
wid th 456-2000.
M = moment on strip of unit width spanning along ,
- shorter span spanning along
= longer span
* Control of deflection :
As per IS: 456 - 2000, P. 37, CI. 23.2.1,
a similar manner as for one way slab. deflection check for two way s
However, when shot span is less than 3.5 m, calculation
is made as under.
For two way slab, for finding ratio, consider ,.
d
ootoroT
If short span () < 3.5 m
Live load<3 KN/m²

for mild steel, ratio is taken as

Simply supported slab = 35

continuous slab = 40

For Fe - 415 steel. above values of are multiplied by 0.8 (IS :456 -20
Rules for the spacing of reinforcement are similar to that of one way slabs.
10.4 RESTRAINED TWO-WAY SLABS :
(Comers hel
In case of restrained two way slabs the edges of slab are restrained to the beams
such slabs are loaded corners are not lifted up, producing torsion at each comer. Thus
reinforcement is provided at each corner :
Restrained two-way slabs are designed as' per
IS: 456 - 2000, P.90, CL.D-1.
Maximum B.M. per unit width in a slab,
M, = a, w?
My = a,w17 sep
shows nine
a, and a, coefficients are obtained from IS : 456, table - 26. Fig. 10.:3
possible arrangements for two way restrained slabs.
Tvoway Slabs 385

-Sm5m 5m -5n

Jm 3 3m

3m 2 1 2 3m 5

Jm 2 1 2 3m 7

Jm 3 4

-5m -5m 5m
-5m

8 6 3m

FIG. 10.3 LOCATION OF TWO-WAY SLAB PANEL WITH

DIFFERENT BOUNDARY CONDITION

From Fig. 10.4

l= Positive moments at mid span in the short
and long spans.
2 = Negative moment in the short span
3
3 = Negative moment in the long
span
Provisions as per IS : 456 - 2000, P.90,
CILD.-1.
+ 2

() Slabs are considered as divided in each

direction into middle strips and edge strips.
Fig. 10.5.
FIG. 10.4 LOCATION OF MOMENTS
The maximum moments calculated (M, and
M) apply only to middle strips.
(3) Tension reinforcement provided at mid span shall extend in the lower part of the slab to
within 0.25 Ior ( )of a continuous edge or 0.15 Ior (%) of a discontinuous edge.
Struc_Desi-1_RCC\2011 \49
386

Structural
2DGE STRIP
EDGE MIDDLE STRIP DGE
STRIE STRIA MIDDLE STRIP
EDGE STRIP

FIG, 10.5 EDGE STRIPS AND

MIDDLE STRIP
(4) Over the continuous edge of a middle strip, the tension
upper part of the slab at a distance of 0.0.15 l or () from reinforcement shaal extend
the
percent shall extend to a distance 0.3 1.
Provide minimum reinforcement in the edge strip as per IS :
support, and at
For Fe - 250, 0.15% of total c/S area. 456-2000
For Fe - 415, 0.12% of total c/S area.
(6) Torsion reinforcement :
At the corner of slab where two
edges are discontinuous, torsion reinfr
provided in 4 layers.

0.75At 0.75Agt
0.75At 0.75Aat
2

0.75Ast Ast MAX1. AREA OF

STEEL AT MID. SPAN

bays
075A
C

TORSION REINFORCEMENT
IN 4 LAYERS

FIG. 10.6 TORSION

REINFORCEMENT OF CORNERS
TowaySlabs
387

Length of bar in cach layer is

Beinforcement in cach of four layers shall be 4 (75%) of maximum steel provided

in middle strip.
At the comer of slab where one edge is
discontinuous, torsion reinforcement equal to
half that described above shall be provided.
Torsion reinforcement need not be provided at any corner contained by
hoth of which the slab is continuous. edges over
Example-1 : Design asimply supported two-way slab of 3.0 m x 3.0 m clear span
supportedon 300 mm thick walls on four sides.
Live load = 3 kN/m2
floor finish = 1 kN/m
M-20 concrete and Fe-415 grade steel.
Corners are not held down.
Draw reinforcement details.
Solution :
(a) Efective depth :
Short span (3.0 m) <3.5 m. For Fe-415 steel multiply by 0.8
Live load =3.0 kN/ms3.0 KN/m? IS : 456-2000, P. 39

=(35 x M.E.) x 0.8

Assume, 0.3% steel
1,= 415 N/mm? -3m 300mm THICK
WALL
M.F. = 1.5
Jm
3000
d
- (35 x 1.5) x 0.8
.:. d=71.42 mm

Provide higher depth for deflection

check FIG, 10.7
.:. Provide, d= 110 mm
.:. d= 110- 10= 100 mm for long span
Assume, 10 mm bars
D= 110 + 5 + 20 (clear cover)
0D= 135 mm
388
(b) Effective span :
Shorter span :
() clear span + d= 3000+ 110=
Structurul Designt
3110mm
(ii) clc of supports = 3000 + 300 =
. taking smaller of two values,
3300 mm
1S:456-20A, P. 40
effective span =, =3110 mm
Similarly ,= 3110 mm
(c) Loadcalculations :
(i) dead load of slab = (0.135 x 25)
= 3.375 kN/m
(ii) floor finish = 1 KN/m²
= 1.0 kN/m
(ii) live load = 3 kN/m = 3.0 kN/m
Total = 7.375 kN/m
.. factored load = 1.5 × 7.375
W
= 11.06 KN/m
(d) Mid span moments :
CornersS not held down condition is given. As per IS :
456-2000, P. 90, CL. D
M, =a,.w
M, =ayw.,
3110
=1
3110 IS : 456-2000, P. 91, table-27
.. , = 0.062
, = 0.062

= 0.062 x11.06 x 3.112

M, = 6.63 KN.m
Similarly M, = 6.63 KN.m, because l, = 1, and a,= ay
(e) Effective depth for flexure :
M, = 0.138 fok bd? bSP. 16, P. 10, table-C
6.63 x 10 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d²
..d= 49.0 mm
.K.
d= 49.0 mm (required) < d= l10 mm (provided)
Tvo
way
Slabs 389
Reinforcement.:
(0
Along ,: d= l10mm SP. 16, P. 48, table-2
6.63 x 106 20 4.6 x 6.63 x 10
M, = 0.54 OR P, = 50 x
bd 1000 x110 415 20 x 1000 x 110

1000
= 20
N/mm? [1-0.9348]
f 415
f,=415N/mm? = 0.157%

O0s-a
.. p,= 0.155%
If 50% bars are bent up near support, at the bottom of support p, will be less than
-0.12%. Therefore, at the Mid span provide 0.24% steel, to have 0.12% steel at
support.

.. P, =0.24%
0.24 x 1000 x 110 = 264 mm
100

For 8 bars
50.26 x 1000 =190 mm
Spacing =
264

.:. Provide spacing = 190 mm clc

.. Provide 8 mm - 190 mm clc (A,= 264 mm) s assl
Along , : d= 100 mm

6.63 x 10 20 4.6x 6.63 x 10º

M, = 0.663 OR P, = 50x
1000 x 100 20 x 1000 x 100

1000
. P, = 0.190% 415
[1-0.921] M
consider 0.24% steel, = 0.190%

0.24 -x 1000 x 100 =240 mm

.. Ast =
100

Consider 8 bars
50.26
Spacing = x 1000 = 209.42 mm
240
390
Provide spacing = 200
mm clc Structural Deig
S0.26 x 1000
200 =
A

A, = 251 mm?
Provide8 mm - 200 mm
clc (A,=251 mm)
(g) Check for cracking :
along , IS : 456-2000, P.
46, C\.
i) 3d= 3x 110 =330
mm 2633,
(ii) 300 mm
0.K.
190mm < 300 mm ...........

along , :
i) 3d =3x 100 =300 mm

(ii) 3000 mm
200 mm < 300 mm .K.

(b) Check for deflection :

This check shall be done along short span

allowable =(35 x M.F) x 0.8

d

100 A 100 x265 = 0.24%

P=
bd 1000 x 110
IS : 456-2000,P. 37, 38,39

.:. M.F. =2.0

allowable =(35 x 2) x 0.8 = S6

d

Actual
I 3110
= 28.27
d 110

28.27 < 56 0.K.

Do
way
Slabe
391
Checkfor development length :
U'sually bond is critical along long direction
MË + Lo IS: 456-2000, P. 44
V

For L, :
() d= 100
mm

() 12 =12 x 8= 96 mm
.:. L,= l00 mm
At support 50% steel is bent up,

251-125.5
2
mm
Agt
M= 0.876, A,d -3
fok-bd
415 x 125.5
= 0.87 x 415 x 125.5 x 100 1
20 x 1000x 100,
= 4.41 x 10° N.mm

SF. at support =V,= 2

11.06 x3.11
2

= 17.20 kN

4.41 x 106
L3 M1
V +Lo =1.3 x. 17.20 x10 +100
=433.33 mm
for, M-20, Fe-415
8 bars, tension SP. 16, P. 184, table-65
La = 376 mm
376 < 433.33 0.K.
392
OR IS : 456-200), P.42 Structural Desiga-u
o, =0.87 (,
6=0.87 x415 =361.05 mm?
For M-20, Fe-415, 8 bar tension
Thd = 1.2x 1.6
= 1.92 N/mm?

o, 8 x361.05
.. L =
4Thd 4 x 1.92

=376 mm

() Check for shear :

Shear is critical along long spar
11.06 x 3. 11
Maxi. S.F. = V, w, = 17.20 kN
2 2

V, 17.20 x10³
bd 1000 x 100

= 0.172 N/mm

100A,, 100 x 25I =0.251%

P, = bd 1000 x 100

Te = 0.36 N/mm? IS : 456-2000, P. 73, table-19

k= 1.3

= 1.3 x 0.36

T= 0.468 Nimm

.. 0.K.
 thick
hported Two Slwayabs
Sket(ck)h :
0.5
ple-2
X
on
300 300 3000 300 D=135 Slabsut
:
mm
e Design 300

a 0.1
ls
walsimply
on EFFECTIVE
ly=3110
SPAN=
dsupported
all SECTION-XXSPAN=3000
(o) CLEAR -Brmm#-190mmC/C(ALONGx)
FIG.
10.8 PLAN(b) 3000
0 the
four
two Bmmd-200mmc/C(ALONG 5
el.sides. 0.14y
way
ersAssume slab -80-200mmC/
-80-190mmC/CL
are live of
s. 3.0
not 300
m d=110
held load x
down. kN/m 44.0
m
anclear
d 393
floot Spa