1. Write a Java program to print your name?

Code:
public class PrintName {
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Ningamma");
}
}
Output:
Ningamma

2. Write a program to print the sum of all even numbers from 1 to 100?
Code:
public class SumOfEvenNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
sum += i;
}
}
System.out.println("The sum of all even numbers from 1 to 100 is: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
The sum of all even numbers from 1 to 100 is: 2550
3. Write a program to swap two numbers without using a temporary variable?
Code:
public class SwapNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num1 = 10;
int num2 = 20;

System.out.println("Before swapping:");
System.out.println("num1 = " + num1);
System.out.println("num2 = " + num2);
num1 = num1 + num2;
num2 = num1 - num2;
num1 = num1 - num2;

System.out.println("After swapping:");
System.out.println("num1 = " + num1);
System.out.println("num2 = " + num2);
}
}

Output:
Before swapping:
num1 = 10
num2 = 20
After swapping:
 num1 = 20
num2 = 10

4. Write a program to check whether a given number is prime or not.?

Code:
public class PrimeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 29;
boolean isPrime = true;

if (num <= 1) {
isPrime = false;
} else {
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
}

if (isPrime) {
System.out.println(num + " is a prime number.");
} else {
System.out.println(num + " is not a prime number.");
}
}
}
Output:
29 is a prime number.

5. Write a program to calculate the factorial of a given number using recursion?

Code:
public class FactorialRecursion {
public static long factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
return 1;
}
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 5;
long result = factorial(num);
System.out.println("The factorial of " + num + " is: " + result);
}
}
Output:
The factorial of 5 is: 120
6. Write a program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class QuadraticEquation {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter coefficient a: ");
double a = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter coefficient b: ");
double b = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter coefficient c: ");
double c = scanner.nextDouble();
double discriminant = b * b - 4 * a * c;

System.out.println("\nThe quadratic equation is: " + a + "x^2 + " + b + "x + " + c + " = 0");

if (discriminant > 0) {

double root1 = (-b + Math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);

double root2 = (-b - Math.sqrt(discriminant)) / (2 * a);
System.out.println("The roots are real and distinct:");
System.out.println("Root 1: " + root1);
System.out.println("Root 2: " + root2);
}
else if (discriminant == 0) {
double root = -b / (2 * a);
System.out.println("The roots are real and repeated:");
System.out.println("Root: " + root);
}
else {

double realPart = -b / (2 * a);

double imaginaryPart = Math.sqrt(-discriminant) / (2 * a);
System.out.println("The roots are complex and imaginary:");
System.out.println("Root 1: " + realPart + " + " + imaginaryPart + "i");
System.out.println("Root 2: " + realPart + " - " + imaginaryPart + "i");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter coefficient a:
1
Enter coefficient b:
-3
Enter coefficient c:
2
The quadratic equation is: 1.0x^2 + -3.0x + 2.0 = 0
The roots are real and distinct:
 Root 1: 2.0
Root 2: 1.0

7. Write a program to calculate the area of a triangle.?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class TriangleArea {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the length of side a: ");
double a = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the length of side b: ");
double b = scanner.nextDouble();
System.out.print("Enter the length of side c: ");
double c = scanner.nextDouble();
if (a + b > c && a + c > b && b + c > a) {
double s = (a + b + c) / 2;
double area = Math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
System.out.println("\nThe area of the triangle is: " + area);
}
else {
System.out.println("\nThe given sides do not form a valid triangle.");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter the length of side a:
3
Enter the length of side b:
4
Enter the length of side c:
5
The area of the triangle is: 6.0
8. Write a program to print the Fibonacci series up to a given number of terms?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class FibonacciSeries {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of terms: ");
int terms = scanner.nextInt();

if (terms <= 0) {
System.out.println("Please enter a positive integer.");
} else {
System.out.println("The Fibonacci series up to " + terms + " terms is:");

int first = 0, second = 1;

System.out.print(first);
for (int i = 1; i < terms; i++) {
System.out.print(", " + second);
int next = first + second;
first = second;
second = next;
}
System.out.println();
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter the number of terms:
10
The Fibonacci series up to 10 terms is:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34

9. Write a program to find the second largest number in an array?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class SecondLargestNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter the number of elements in the array: ");
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of the array:");
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = scanner.nextInt();
}
if (n < 2) {
System.out.println("Array should have at least two elements.");
}
else {
 int largest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
int secondLargest = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > largest) {
secondLargest = largest;
largest = arr[i];
} else if (arr[i] > secondLargest && arr[i] != largest) {
secondLargest = arr[i];
}
}

if (secondLargest == Integer.MIN_VALUE) {
System.out.println("There is no second largest element.");
} else {
System.out.println("The second largest element is: " + secondLargest);
}
}

scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter the number of elements in the array:
5
Enter the elements of the array:
12 45 78 34 56
The second largest element is: 56

10. Write a program to reverse a string?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ReverseString {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();
String reversed = "";
for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += str.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println("Reversed string: " + reversed);
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:
Hello
Reversed string: olleH

11. Write a program to check if a given string is a palindrome.?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class Palindrome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();
String reversed = "";
for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += str.charAt(i);
}
if (str.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:
Madam
The string is a palindrome.

12. Write a program to count the occurrences of a character in a string?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CharacterCount {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String str = scanner.nextLine();
System.out.print("Enter a character to count: ");
char ch = scanner.next().charAt(0);
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("The character '" + ch + "' appears " + count + " times.");
scanner.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter a string:
hello world
Enter a character to count:
o
The character 'o' appears 2 times.

13. Find GCD of Two Numbers?

CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class GCD {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
while (b != 0) {
int temp = b;
b = a % b;
a = temp;
}
System.out.println(a);
}
}
OUTPUT:
54
24
6
14. Convert Decimal to Binary?
CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DecimalToBinary {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int decimal = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(Integer.toBinaryString(decimal));}
}
OUTPUT: 10
1010
15. Calculate Sum of Digits?
CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumOfDigits {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
int sum = 0;
while (num > 0) {
sum += num % 10;
num /= 10;
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
OUTPUT:
123
6
16. Write a program to check whether a given year is a leap year or not.?
 CODE:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class LeapYear {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int year = sc.nextInt();
if ((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0) || year % 400 == 0) {
System.out.println("Leap Year");
} else {
System.out.println("Not a Leap Year");
}
}
}
OUTPUT:
2024
Leap Year
17. Find Factorial Using Iteration?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
long factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}
System.out.println(factorial);
}
}
Output:
5
120
`18. Print Pascal's Triangle?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class PascalsTriangle {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int rows = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < rows; i++) {
int number = 1;
 for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
System.out.print(number + " ");
number = number * (i - j) / (j + 1);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output:
5
1
11
121
1331
1 4641

19. Check Armstrong Number?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Armstrong {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
int sum = 0, temp = num, n = String.valueOf(num).length();
while (temp > 0) {
sum += Math.pow(temp % 10, n);
temp /= 10;
}
System.out.println(sum == num ? "Armstrong" : "Not Armstrong");
}
}
Output:
153
Armstrong

20. Area and Perimeter of a Circle?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Circle {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.printf("%.2f %.2f", Math.PI * radius * radius, 2 * Math.PI * radius);
}
}
Output:
5
78.54 31.42

21. Write a program to print the multiplication table of a given number?

Code:
 import java.util.Scanner;

public class MultiplicationTable {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
System.out.println(num + " x " + i + " = " + (num * i));
}
}
}
Output:
5
5x1=5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15

22. Sum of Elements in Array?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArraySum {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
Output:
3
123
6
23. Check Perfect Number?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class PerfectNumber {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= num / 2; i++) {
if (num % i == 0) sum += i;
}
System.out.println(sum == num ? "Perfect Number" : "Not Perfect Number");
}
}
Ouput:
 28
Perfect Number

24. Find ASCII Value?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class AsciiValue {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
System.out.println((int) ch);
}
}
Output:
A
65

25. Calculate Power of a Number?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Power {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double base = sc.nextDouble();
int exponent = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(Math.pow(base, exponent));
}
}
Output:
23
8.0

Operators:
26. Write a program to perform arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /) on two numbers.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class ArithmeticOperations {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Addition: " + (a + b));
System.out.println("Subtraction: " + (a - b));
System.out.println("Multiplication: " + (a * b));
System.out.println("Division: " + (a / b));
}
}
Output:
10
 5
Addition: 15
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 50
Division: 2

27. Write a program to perform bitwise AND, OR, and XOR operations on two integers.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;

public class BitwiseOperations {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("AND: " + (a & b));
System.out.println("OR: " + (a | b));
System.out.println("XOR: " + (a ^ b));
}
}
Output:
5
3
AND: 1
OR: 7
XOR: 6
28.Write a program to check whether a given number is positive, negative, or zero.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CheckNumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
if (num > 0) System.out.println("Positive");
else if (num < 0) System.out.println("Negative");
else System.out.println("Zero");
}
}
Output:
0
Zero
29. Write a program to swap two numbers using bitwise XOR operator.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class SwapUsingXOR {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
a = a ^ b;
b = a ^ b;
a = a ^ b;
System.out.println("After Swap: a = " + a + ", b = " + b);
}
}
Output:4
7
After Swap: a = 4, b = 7
30. Write a program to calculate the area of a circle using the radius entered by the user.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CircleArea {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Area: " + (Math.PI * radius * radius));
}
}
Output:
5
Area: 78.53981633974483
31. Write a program to convert temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FahrenheitToCelsius {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double fahrenheit = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Celsius: " + ((fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9));
 }
}
Output:
9.86
Celsius: 37.0
32. Write a program to check if a given number is divisible by both 5 and 7.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class DivisibleBy5And7 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
if (num % 5 == 0 && num % 7 == 0) System.out.println("Divisible by both");
else System.out.println("Not divisible by both");
}
}
Output:
35
Divisible by both
33. Write a program to calculate the compound interest.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CompoundInterest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double principal = sc.nextDouble();
double rate = sc.nextDouble();
int time = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Compound Interest: " + (principal * Math.pow(1 + rate / 100, time) - principal));
}
}
Output:
1000 5 2
Compound Interest: 102.5
34. Write a program to check whether a given character is a vowel or consonant?
 Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class VowelOrConsonant {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
char ch = sc.next().charAt(0);
if ("AEIOUaeiou".indexOf(ch) != -1) System.out.println("Vowel");
else System.out.println("Consonant");
}
}
Output: A
Vowel
35. Write a program to find the maximum of three numbers using conditional operator?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MaxOfThree {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
int c = sc.nextInt();
int max = (a > b) ? (a > c ? a : c) : (b > c ? b : c);
System.out.println("Maximum: " + max);
}
}
Output
2 5 2
Maximum: 5
36. Write a program to find the sum of digits of a number using while loop.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumOfDigits {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
 int sum = 0;
while (num > 0) {
sum += num % 10;
num /= 10;
}
System.out.println("Sum of Digits: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
123
Sum of Digits: 6
37. Check Palindrome Using Recursion?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Palindrome {
public static boolean isPalindrome(String str, int start, int end) {
if (start >= end) return true;
return str.charAt(start) == str.charAt(end) && isPalindrome(str, start + 1, end - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String num = sc.next();
System.out.println(isPalindrome(num, 0, num.length() - 1) ? "Palindrome" : "Not Palindrome");
}
}
Output:
121
Palindrome
38. Write a program to check whether a given number is prime or not using for loop.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PrimeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
 boolean isPrime = true;
if (num <= 1) isPrime = false;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(num); i++) {
if (num % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
System.out.println(isPrime ? "Prime" : "Not Prime");
}
}
Output:
7
Prime
39. Write a program to find the factorial of a number using recursion.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial {
public static long factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Factorial: " + factorial(num));
}
}
Output:
5
Factorial: 120
40. Write a program to calculate the power of a number using recursion.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Power {
 public static int power(int base, int exp) {
if (exp == 0) return 1;
return base * power(base, exp - 1);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int base = sc.nextInt();
int exp = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println("Result: " + power(base, exp));
}
}
Output:
2 3
Result: 8
41. Write a program to print the Fibonacci series using recursion.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Fibonacci {
public static int fibonacci(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return n;
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
System.out.print(fibonacci(i) + " ");
}
}
}
Output:
5
01123
42. Write a program to reverse a string using recursion.?
Code:
 import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseString {
public static String reverse(String str) {
if (str.isEmpty()) return str;
return reverse(str.substring(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String str = sc.next();
System.out.println("Reversed: " + reverse(str));
}
}
Output: hello
olleh
43. Write a program to calculate the sum of natural numbers up to a given term.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumNaturalNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int sum = n * (n + 1) / 2;
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
10
Sum: 55
44. Write a program to check whether a given year is leap year or not using conditional operator.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class LeapYear {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int year = sc.nextInt();
 System.out.println((year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0) ? "Leap Year" : "Not
Leap Year");
}
}
Output: 2024
Leap Year
45. Write a program to find the LCM (Least Common Multiple) of two numbers.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class LCM {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
int max = Math.max(a, b);
while (true) {
if (max % a == 0 && max % b == 0) {
System.out.println("LCM: " + max);
break;
}
max++;
}
}
}
Output:
4 6
LCM: 12
46. Write a program to calculate the area of a triangle using Heron's formula.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class HeronsFormula {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double a = sc.nextDouble();
double b = sc.nextDouble();
double c = sc.nextDouble();
 double s = (a + b + c) / 2;
double area = Math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
System.out.println("Area: " + area);
}
}
Output:
3 4 5
Area: 6.0
47. Write a program to find the sum of all even numbers between 1 to 100 using for loop.?
Code:
public class SumEvenNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 2; i <= 100; i += 2) {
sum += i;
}
System.out.println("Sum: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
Sum: 2550
48. Write a program to calculate the simple interest?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SimpleInterest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double principal = sc.nextDouble();
double rate = sc.nextDouble();
double time = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println("Simple Interest: " + (principal * rate * time / 100));
}
}
Output:
1000 5 2
 Simple Interest: 100.0

49. Write a program to print the multiplication table of a given number using for loop.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MultiplicationTable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
System.out.println(num + " x " + i + " = " + (num * i));
}
}
}
Output:
5
5x1=5
5 x 2 = 10
5 x 3 = 15
5 x 4 = 20
5 x 5 = 25
5 x 6 = 30
5 x 7 = 35
5 x 8 = 40
5 x 9 = 45
5 x 10 = 50
50. Write a program to check whether a given number is Armstrong or not using while loop.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ArmstrongNumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int num = sc.nextInt();
int original = num, sum = 0;
 while (num > 0) {
int digit = num % 10;
sum += digit * digit * digit;
num /= 10;
}
System.out.println(sum == original ? "Armstrong Number" : "Not Armstrong Number");
}
}
Output:
153
Armstrong Number

ARRAY:
51. Write a program to find the sum of all elements in an array.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
Output:
5
12345
15
52. Write a program to find the largest and smallest elements in an array.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class MinMaxArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
int max = arr[0], min = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];
if (arr[i] < min) min = arr[i];
}
System.out.println(max + " " + min);
}
}
Output:
5
12345
51
53. Write a program to copy elements from one array to another.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CopyArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr1 = new int[n];
int[] arr2 = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr1[i] = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr2[i] = arr1[i];
for (int i : arr2) System.out.print(i + " ");
}
}
Output:
5
12345
12345
54. Write a program to remove duplicate elements from an array?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class RemoveDuplicates {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
boolean isDuplicate = false;
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) if (arr[i] == arr[j]) isDuplicate = true;
if (!isDuplicate) System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Output:
6
122344
1234
55. Write a program to reverse an array.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ReverseArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}

Output:
5
12345
 54321
56. Write a program to sort an array in ascending and descending order. ?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SortArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
Arrays.sort(arr);
for (int i : arr) System.out.print(i + " ");
System.out.println();
for (int i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) System.out.print(arr[i] + " ");
}
}
Output:
5
52314
12345
54321
57. Write a program to find the frequency of each element in an array.?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FrequencyArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (!visited[i]) {
int count = 1;
 for (int j = i + 1; j < n; j++) {
if (arr[i] == arr[j]) {
count++;
visited[j] = true;
}
}
System.out.println(arr[i] + " " + count);
}
}
}
}
Output: 5
12233
11
22
32
58. Write a program to merge two sorted arrays?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MergeSortedArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr1 = {1, 3, 5};
int[] arr2 = {2, 4, 6};
int[] merged = new int[arr1.length + arr2.length];

int i = 0, j = 0, k = 0;
while (i < arr1.length && j < arr2.length) {
if (arr1[i] < arr2[j]) {
merged[k++] = arr1[i++];
} else {
merged[k++] = arr2[j++];
}
}
while (i < arr1.length) {
merged[k++] = arr1[i++];
 }
while (j < arr2.length) {
merged[k++] = arr2[j++];
}
System.out.println("Merged Array: " + Arrays.toString(merged));
}
}
Output:
Merged Array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
59. Write a program to find the intersection of two arrays.?
Code:
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class IntersectionOfArrays {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int[] arr2 = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8};

ArrayList<Integer> intersection = new ArrayList<>();

for (int num1 : arr1) {
for (int num2 : arr2) {
if (num1 == num2 && !intersection.contains(num1)) {
intersection.add(num1);
}
}
}
System.out.println("Intersection: " + intersection);
}
}

Output:
Intersection: [4, 5]
60. Check if an Array is Palindrome?
Code:
public class PalindromeArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 2, 1};
boolean isPalindrome = true;
for (int i = 0, j = arr.length - 1; i < j; i++, j--) {
if (arr[i] != arr[j]) {
isPalindrome = false;
break;
}
}
System.out.println("Is Palindrome: " + isPalindrome);
}
}
Output:
Is Palindrome: true
61. Find the Sum of All Positive Numbers in an Array?
Code:
public class SumPositiveNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {-1, 2, 3, -4, 5};
int sum = 0;
for (int num : arr) {
if (num > 0) {
sum += num;
}
}
System.out.println("Sum of Positive Numbers: " + sum);
}
}

Output:
Sum of Positive Numbers: 10
62. Find the Sum of All Negative Numbers in an Array?
Code:
public class SumNegativeNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {-1, 2, -3, 4, -5};
 int sum = 0;

for (int num : arr) {

if (num < 0) {
sum += num;
}
}
System.out.println("Sum of Negative Numbers: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
Sum of Negative Numbers: -9

63. Find the Product of All Elements in an Array?

Code:
public class ProductOfArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int product = 1;
for (int num : arr) {
product *= num;
}
System.out.println("Product of Elements: " + product);
}
}
Output:
Product of Elements: 24
64. Find the Second Largest and Second Smallest Elements in an Array?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class SecondLargestSmallest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {3, 1, 4, 2, 5};
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Second Smallest: " + arr[1]);
System.out.println("Second Largest: " + arr[arr.length - 2]);
 }
}
Output:
Second Smallest: 2
Second Largest: 4
65. Find the Index of a Given Element in an Array?
Code:
public class FindIndex {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int element = 3;
int index = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] == element) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
System.out.println("Index of " + element + ": " + index);
}
}
Output:
Index of 3: 2
66. Rotate an Array to the Left or Right?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class RotateArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int k = 2; // Number of rotations
boolean rotateRight = true;
int n = arr.length;
k %= n;
if (!rotateRight) {
k = n - k;
 }
int[] rotated = new int[n];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
rotated[(i + k) % n] = arr[i];
}
System.out.println("Rotated Array: " + Arrays.toString(rotated));
}
}
Output:
Rotated Array: [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
67. Print the Elements of a 2D Array in Spiral Order?
Code:
public class SpiralOrder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};

int top = 0, bottom = matrix.length - 1, left = 0, right = matrix[0].length - 1;

while (top <= bottom && left <= right) {
for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) System.out.print(matrix[top][i] + " ");
top++;
for (int i = top; i <= bottom; i++) System.out.print(matrix[i][right] + " ");
right--;
if (top <= bottom) {
for (int i = right; i >= left; i--) System.out.print(matrix[bottom][i] + " ");
bottom--;
}
if (left <= right) {
for (int i = bottom; i >= top; i--) System.out.print(matrix[i][left] + " ");
left++;
}
}
 }
}
Output:
123698745
68. Check Whether Two Arrays Are Equal or No?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class ArrayEquality {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr1 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int[] arr2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

boolean isEqual = Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2);

System.out.println("Arrays are equal: " + isEqual);
}
}
Output:
Arrays are equal: true
69. Find the Sum of Elements in the Upper Triangle of a Matrix?
Code:
public class UpperTriangleSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
sum += matrix[i][j];
}
}

System.out.println("Sum of Upper Triangle: " + sum);

 }
}
Output:
Sum of Upper Triangle: 23
70. Find the Sum of Elements in the Lower Triangle of a Matrix?
Code:
public class LowerTriangleSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j <= i; j++) {
sum += matrix[i][j];
}
}

System.out.println("Sum of Lower Triangle: " + sum);

}
}
Output:
Sum of Lower Triangle: 15
71. Find the Sum of Elements in Each Row and Column of a Matrix?
Code:
public class RowColumnSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
 for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
int rowSum = 0;
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
rowSum += matrix[i][j];
}
System.out.println("Sum of Row " + (i + 1) + ": " + rowSum);
}
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[0].length; j++) {
int colSum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
colSum += matrix[i][j];
}
System.out.println("Sum of Column " + (j + 1) + ": " + colSum);
}
}
}
Output:
Sum of Row 1: 6
Sum of Row 2: 15
Sum of Row 3: 24
Sum of Column 1: 12
Sum of Column 2: 15
Sum of Column 3: 18
72. Check Whether a Given Matrix Is Symmetric or Not?
Code:
public class SymmetricMatrix {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{2, 4, 5},
{3, 5, 6}
};

boolean isSymmetric = true;

for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
 for (int j = i + 1; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] != matrix[j][i]) {
isSymmetric = false;
break;
}
}
}

System.out.println("Matrix is Symmetric: " + isSymmetric);

}
}
Output:
Matrix is Symmetric: true
73. Find the Saddle Point of a Matrix?
Code:
public class SaddlePoint {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
int min = matrix[i][0];
int minIndex = 0;
for (int j = 1; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
if (matrix[i][j] < min) {
min = matrix[i][j];
minIndex = j;
}
}
boolean isSaddle = true;
for (int k = 0; k < matrix.length; k++) {
if (matrix[k][minIndex] > min) {
isSaddle = false;
 break;
}
}
if (isSaddle) {
System.out.println("Saddle Point: " + min);
return;
}
}
System.out.println("No Saddle Point");
}
}
Output:
No Saddle Point
74. Find the k-th Smallest and k-th Largest Elements in an Array?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class KthSmallestLargest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {12, 3, 5, 7, 19};
int k = 2;
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println(k + "th Smallest Element: " + arr[k - 1]);
System.out.println(k + "th Largest Element: " + arr[arr.length - k]);
}
}
Output:
2th Smallest Element: 5
2th Largest Element: 12
75. Count the Number of Negative, Positive, and Zero Elements in an Array?
Code:
public class CountElements {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {-1, 2, 0, 3, -4, 5, 0};
int positive = 0, negative = 0, zero = 0;
for (int num : arr) {
 if (num > 0) positive++;
else if (num < 0) negative++;
else zero++;
}
System.out.println("Positive: " + positive);
System.out.println("Negative: " + negative);
System.out.println("Zero: " + zero);
}
}
Output:
Positive: 4
Negative: 2
Zero: 2

Data types:
76. Demonstrate the Copy of Primitive Data Types in Java?
Code:
public class CopyPrimitiveDataTypes {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a = 10;
double b = 5.5;
char c = 'A';
boolean d = true;
int x = a;
double y = b;
char z = c;
boolean w = d;
System.out.println("Copied Integer: " + x);
System.out.println("Copied Double: " + y);
System.out.println("Copied Char: " + z);
System.out.println("Copied Boolean: " + w);
}
}
Output:
Copied Integer: 10
 Copied Double: 5.5
Copied Char: A
Copied Boolean: true

77. Perform Arithmetic Operations Using float and double Data Types?
Code:
public class ArithmeticOperations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
float a = 5.5f;
double b = 2.5;
System.out.println("Sum: " + (a + b));
System.out.println("Difference: " + (a - b));
System.out.println("Product: " + (a * b));
System.out.println("Quotient: " + (a / b));
}
}
Output:
Sum: 8.0
Difference: 3.0
Product: 13.75
Quotient: 2.2

78. Convert an Integer to String and Vice Versa?

Code:
public class IntegerStringConversion {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 123;
String str = String.valueOf(num);
System.out.println("Integer to String: " + str);
String str2 = "456";
int num2 = Integer.parseInt(str2)
System.out.println("String to Integer: " + num2);
}
}
Output:
 Integer to String: 123
String to Integer: 456

79. Perform Operations on Characters (Uppercase and Lowercase Conversion)?

Code:
public class CharacterOperations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
char ch = 'a';
char upperCh = Character.toUpperCase(ch);
System.out.println("Lowercase to Uppercase: " + upperCh);
char lowerCh = Character.toLowerCase(upperCh);
System.out.println("Uppercase to Lowercase: " + lowerCh);
}
}
Output:
Lowercase to Uppercase: A
Uppercase to Lowercase: a

80.Demonstrate the Use of Boolean Data Type?

Code:
public class BooleanDataType {
public static void main(String[] args) {
boolean isJavaFun = true;
boolean isFishTasty = false;
System.out.println("Is Java fun? " + isJavaFun);
System.out.println("Is fish tasty? " + isFishTasty);
}
}
Output:
Is Java fun? true
Is fish tasty? false

81. Demonstrate the Use of Arrays in Java?

Code:
public class ArraysExample {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int i = 0; i < numbers.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Element at index " + i + ": " + numbers[i]);
}
}
}
Output:
Element at index 0: 10
Element at index 1: 20
Element at index 2: 30
Element at index 3: 40
Element at index 4: 50

82. Find the Maximum and Minimum Values in an Array of Integers?

Code:
public class MaxMinArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 3, 7, 9, 2};
int max = arr[0];
int min = arr[0];
for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {
if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];
if (arr[i] < min) min = arr[i];
}
System.out.println("Max value: " + max);
System.out.println("Min value: " + min);
}
}
Output:
Max value: 9
Min value: 1

83. Calculate the Average of Elements in an Array?

Code:
 public class AverageArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
int sum = 0;
for (int num : arr) {
sum += num;
}
double average = sum / (double) arr.length;
System.out.println("Average: " + average);
}
}
Output:
Average: 30.0

84. Find the Length of a String?

Code:
public class StringLength {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello, World!";
System.out.println("Length of string: " + str.length());
}
}
Output:
Length of string: 13

85. Concatenate Two Strings?

Code:
public class ConcatenateStrings {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "Hello";
String str2 = "World";
String result = str1 + " " + str2;

System.out.println("Concatenated String: " + result);

}
 }
Output: Concatenated String: Hello World
86. Demonstrate the Use of Wrapper Classes in Java?
Code:
public class WrapperClasses {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 10;
Integer integerObj = num;
int unboxedNum = integerObj;
System.out.println("Integer object: " + integerObj);
System.out.println("Unboxed int: " + unboxedNum);
}
}
Output:
Integer object: 10
Unboxed int: 10
87. Convert a String to Integer and Vice Versa?
Code:
public class StringIntegerConversion {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "123";
int num = Integer.parseInt(str);
System.out.println("String to Integer: " + num);
String str2 = String.valueOf(num);
System.out.println("Integer to String: " + str2);
}
}
Output:
String to Integer: 123
Integer to String: 123

88. Demonstrate the Use of String Methods (substring, indexOf, equals)?

Code:
public class StringMethods {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 String str = "Hello, World!";
System.out.println("Substring: " + str.substring(7, 12));
System.out.println("Index of 'World': " + str.indexOf("World"));
System.out.println("Equals: " + str.equals("Hello, World!"));
}
}
Output:
Substring: World
Index of 'World': 7
Equals: true

89. Count the Occurrences of a Character in a String?

Code:
public class CountCharacter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello, World!";
char ch = 'o';
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("Occurrences of '" + ch + "': " + count);
}
}
Output:
Occurrences of 'o': 2

90. Check Whether a Given String Is Palindrome or Not?

Code:
public class PalindromeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "madam";
String reversed = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();
 if (str.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println(str + " is a palindrome.");
} else {
System.out.println(str + " is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}
Output:
madam is a palindrome.
91. Reverse a String Without Using Any Built-in Methods?
Code:
public class ReverseString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello";
String reversed = "";
for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += str.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + reversed);
}
}
Output:
Reversed String: olleH

92. Convert a String to Uppercase and Vice Versa?

Code:
public class ConvertCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello World";
String upper = "";
String lower = "";
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
upper += Character.toUpperCase(ch);
 } else {
lower += Character.toLowerCase(ch);
}
}
System.out.println("Uppercase: " + upper);
System.out.println("Lowercase: " + lower);
}
}
Output:
Uppercase: HELLO WORLD
Lowercase: hello world

93. Demonstrate the Use of StringBuilder Class?

Code:
public class StringBuilderExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Hello");
sb.append(" World");
sb.insert(5, ",");
sb.reverse();
System.out.println(sb);
}
}
Output:
dlroW ,olleH

94. Find the Factorial of a Number Using BigInteger Class?

Code:
import java.math.BigInteger;
public class FactorialBigInteger {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int num = 100;
BigInteger factorial = BigInteger.ONE;
for (int i = 1; i <= num; i++) {
factorial = factorial.multiply(BigInteger.valueOf(i));
 }
System.out.println("Factorial of " + num + " is: " + factorial);
}
}
Output:
Factorial of 100 is:
933262154439441526816992388562667004907159682643816214685929638952175999932299156089414
639761565182862536979208272237582511852109168640000000000000000000000000

95. Demonstrate the Use of Arrays of Objects?

Code:
class Person {
String name;
int age;
Person(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
void display() {
System.out.println(name + " is " + age + " years old.");
}
}
public class ArraysOfObjects {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person[] people = {
new Person("Alice", 30),
new Person("Bob", 25),
new Person("Charlie", 35)
};
for (Person person : people) {
person.display();
}
}
}
Output:
Alice is 30 years old.
 Bob is 25 years old.
Charlie is 35 years old.

96. Sort an Array of Integers in Ascending and Descending Order?

Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
public class SortArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] arr = {5, 2, 8, 1, 3};
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Ascending Order: " + Arrays.toString(arr));
Arrays.sort(arr, Collections.reverseOrder());
System.out.println("Descending Order: " + Arrays.toString(arr));
}
}
Output:
Ascending Order: [1, 2, 3, 5, 8]
Descending Order: [8, 5, 3, 2, 1]

97. Find the Second Largest and Second Smallest Elements in an Array?
Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class SecondLargestSmallest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {10, 20, 4, 45, 99};
Arrays.sort(arr);
System.out.println("Second Smallest: " + arr[1]);
System.out.println("Second Largest: " + arr[arr.length - 2]);
}
}
Output:
Second Smallest: 10
Second Largest: 45
98. Find the Sum of Diagonal Elements of a Matrix?
Code:
public class MatrixDiagonalSum {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
sum += matrix[i][i];
}
System.out.println("Sum of diagonal elements: " + sum);
}
}
Output:
Sum of diagonal elements: 15

99. write a java code for Transpose a Matrix?

Code:
public class MatrixTranspose {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix = {
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
int[][] transpose = new int[matrix[0].length][matrix.length];
for (int i = 0; i < matrix.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < matrix[i].length; j++) {
transpose[j][i] = matrix[i][j];
}
}
for (int[] row : transpose) {
 for (int elem : row) {
System.out.print(elem + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output:
147
258
369

100.write a java code for Multiply Two Matrices?

Code:
public class MatrixMultiplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[][] matrix1 = {
{1, 2},
{3, 4}
};
int[][] matrix2 = {
{5, 6},
{7, 8}
};
int[][] result = new int[2][2];
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
result[i][j] = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) {
result[i][j] += matrix1[i][k] * matrix2[k][j];
}
}
}
for (int[] row : result) {
for (int elem : row) {
 System.out.print(elem + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}
Output:
19 22
43 50

Strings:
101. Write a java code for Reverse a String?
Code:
public class ReverseString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello";
String reversed = "";
for (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversed += str.charAt(i);
}
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + reversed);
}
}
Output:
Reversed String: olleH

102. Check Whether a Given String is Palindrome or Not?

Code:
public class Palindrome {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "madam";
String reversed = new StringBuilder(str).reverse().toString();
if (str.equals(reversed)) {
System.out.println("The string is a palindrome.");
 } else {
System.out.println("The string is not a palindrome.");
}
}
}
Output:
The string is a palindrome.
103. Count the Number of Vowels and Consonants in a String?
Code:
public class VowelConsonantCount {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello World";
int vowels = 0, consonants = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
if ("AEIOUaeiou".indexOf(ch) != -1) {
vowels++;
} else {
consonants++;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Vowels: " + vowels);
System.out.println("Consonants: " + consonants);
}
}
Output:
Vowels: 3
Consonants: 7

104. Count the Occurrences of a Character in a String?

Code:
public class CharacterCount {
public static void main(String[] args) {
 String str = "Hello World";
char ch = 'o';
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (str.charAt(i) == ch) {
count++;
}
}
System.out.println("Occurrences of '" + ch + "': " + count);
}
}
Output:
Occurrences of 'o': 2

105. Remove All White Spaces from a String?

Code:
public class RemoveWhitespace {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello World";
String result = str.replaceAll("\\s+", "");
System.out.println("String without spaces: " + result);
}
}
Output:
String without spaces: HelloWorld
106. Find the Length of a String?
Code:
public class StringLength {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello World";
System.out.println("Length of the string: " + str.length());
}
}
Output:
Length of the string: 11
107. Concatenate Two Strings?
Code:
public class ConcatenateStrings {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "Hello";
String str2 = " World";
String result = str1.concat(str2);
System.out.println("Concatenated String: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Concatenated String: Hello World
108. Convert Lowercase Letters to Uppercase and Vice Versa?
Code:
public class ConvertCase {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "Hello World";
StringBuilder upper = new StringBuilder();
StringBuilder lower = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (Character.isLowerCase(ch)) {
upper.append(Character.toUpperCase(ch));
} else {
lower.append(Character.toLowerCase(ch));
}
}
System.out.println("Uppercase: " + upper.toString());
System.out.println("Lowercase: " + lower.toString());
}
}
Output:
Uppercase: HELLOWORLD
Lowercase: helloworld
109. Find the Longest Word in a String?
Code:
public class LongestWord {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "This is a simple test string";
String[] words = str.split(" ");
String longest = "";
for (String word : words) {
if (word.length() > longest.length()) {
longest = word;
}
}
System.out.println("Longest word: " + longest);
}
}
Output:
Longest word: simple

110. Check Whether Two Strings are Anagrams or Not?

Code:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class AnagramCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "listen";
String str2 = "silent";
char[] arr1 = str1.toCharArray();
char[] arr2 = str2.toCharArray();
Arrays.sort(arr1);
Arrays.sort(arr2);
if (Arrays.equals(arr1, arr2)) {
System.out.println("The strings are anagrams.");
} else {
System.out.println("The strings are not anagrams.");
}
 }
}
Output:
The strings are anagrams.

111. Find the First Non-Repeated Character in a String?

Code:
public class FirstNonRepeatedCharacter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "swiss";
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (str.indexOf(ch) == str.lastIndexOf(ch)) {
System.out.println("First non-repeated character: " + ch);
break;
}
}
}
}
Output:
First non-repeated character: w

112. Check Whether a String Contains Only Digits or Not?

Code:
public class IsDigit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "12345";
if (str.matches("[0-9]+")) {
System.out.println("The string contains only digits.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string does not contain only digits.");
}
}
}
Output: The string contains only digits.
113. Find All Permutations of a String?
Code:
public class StringPermutations {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "ABC";
permute(str, 0, str.length() - 1);
}
public static void permute(String str, int left, int right) {
if (left == right) {
System.out.println(str);
} else {
for (int i = left; i <= right; i++) {
str = swap(str, left, i);
permute(str, left + 1, right);
str = swap(str, left, i); // backtrack
}
}
}
public static String swap(String str, int i, int j) {
char temp;
char[] charArray = str.toCharArray();
temp = charArray[i];
charArray[i] = charArray[j];
charArray[j] = temp;
return String.valueOf(charArray);
}
}
Output:
ABC
ACB
BAC
BCA
CAB
CBA
114. Find the Frequency of Each Character in a String?
Code:
import java.util.HashMap;
public class CharacterFrequency {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "hello";
HashMap<Character, Integer> frequency = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
frequency.put(ch, frequency.getOrDefault(ch, 0) + 1);
}
System.out.println(frequency);
}
}
Output:
{h=1, e=1, l=2, o=1}

115. Reverse Words in a Sentence?

Code:
public class ReverseWords {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sentence = "Hello World from Java";
String[] words = sentence.split(" ");
String reversedSentence = "";
for (int i = words.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reversedSentence += words[i] + " ";
}
System.out.println("Reversed Sentence: " + reversedSentence.trim());
}
}
Output:
Reversed Sentence: Java from World Hello
116. Find the Duplicate Characters in a String?
Code:
import java.util.HashSet;
 public class DuplicateCharacters {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "programming";
HashSet<Character> duplicates = new HashSet<>();
HashSet<Character> visited = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (visited.contains(ch)) {
duplicates.add(ch);
} else {
visited.add(ch);
}
}
System.out.println("Duplicate Characters: " + duplicates);
}
}
Output:
Duplicate Characters: [r, g]
117. Find the First Repeating Character in a String?
Code:
import java.util.HashSet;
public class FirstRepeatingCharacter {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "swiss";
HashSet<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
char ch = str.charAt(i);
if (set.contains(ch)) {
System.out.println("First Repeating Character: " + ch);
break;
}
set.add(ch);
}
}
}
 Output:
First Repeating Character: s

118. Capitalize the First Letter of Each Word in a Sentence?

Code:
public class CapitalizeWords {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String sentence = "hello world from java";
String[] words = sentence.split(" ");
String result = "";
for (String word : words) {
result += word.substring(0, 1).toUpperCase() + word.substring(1) + " ";
}
System.out.println("Capitalized Sentence: " + result.trim());
}
}
Output:
Capitalized Sentence: Hello World From Java

119. Check Whether a String is a Rotation of Another String?

Code:
public class StringRotation {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "hello";
String str2 = "lohel";
if (str1.length() == str2.length() && (str1 + str1).contains(str2)) {
System.out.println("The string is a rotation of the other.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a rotation of the other.");
}
}
}
Output:
The string is a rotation of the other.
120. Check Whether a String is a Substring of Another String?
Code:
public class SubstringCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "Hello World";
String str2 = "World";
if (str1.contains(str2)) {
System.out.println(str2 + " is a substring of " + str1);
} else {
System.out.println(str2 + " is not a substring of " + str1);
}
}
}
Output:
World is a substring of Hello World

121. Remove Duplicates from a String?

Code:
public class RemoveDuplicates {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "programming";
StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
if (result.indexOf(String.valueOf(str.charAt(i))) == -1) {
result.append(str.charAt(i));
}
}
System.out.println("String after removing duplicates: " + result);
}
}
Output:
String after removing duplicates: progamin

122. Find the Common Characters in Two Given Strings?

Code:
 import java.util.HashSet;
public class CommonCharacters {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str1 = "hello";
String str2 = "world";
HashSet<Character> commonChars = new HashSet<>();
for (int i = 0; i < str1.length(); i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < str2.length(); j++) {
if (str1.charAt(i) == str2.charAt(j)) {
commonChars.add(str1.charAt(i));
}
}
}
System.out.println("Common Characters: " + commonChars);
}
}
Output:
Common Characters: [o, l]

123. Check Whether a Given String is a Pangram or Not?

Code:
public class PangramCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
str = str.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z]", "").toLowerCase();
boolean isPangram = str.chars().distinct().count() == 26;
if (isPangram) {
System.out.println("The string is a pangram.");
} else {
System.out.println("The string is not a pangram.");
}
}
}
Output:
The string is a pangram.
124. Find the Smallest Window in a String Containing All Characters of Another String?
Code:
public class SmallestWindow {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "ADOBECODEBANC";
String pattern = "ABC";
System.out.println("Smallest window: " + smallestWindow(str, pattern));
}
public static String smallestWindow(String str, String pattern) {
int[] strFreq = new int[256];
int[] patternFreq = new int[256];
int start = 0, minLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE, startIndex = -1;
for (char ch : pattern.toCharArray()) {
patternFreq[ch]++;
}
int count = 0;
for (int end = 0; end < str.length(); end++) {
char endChar = str.charAt(end);
strFreq[endChar]++;
if (strFreq[endChar] <= patternFreq[endChar]) {
count++;
}
while (count == pattern.length()) {
if (end - start + 1 < minLen) {
minLen = end - start + 1;
startIndex = start;
}
char startChar = str.charAt(start);
strFreq[startChar]--;
if (strFreq[startChar] < patternFreq[startChar]) {
count--;
}
start++;
}
 }
if (startIndex == -1) {
return "";
}
return str.substring(startIndex, startIndex + minLen);
}
}
Output:
Smallest window: BANC

125. Find the Longest Common Prefix Among an Array of Strings?

Code:
public class LongestCommonPrefix {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] strs = {"flower", "flow", "flight"};
System.out.println("Longest Common Prefix: " + longestCommonPrefix(strs));
}
public static String longestCommonPrefix(String[] strs) {
if (strs == null || strs.length == 0) {
return "";
}
String prefix = strs[0];
for (int i = 1; i < strs.length; i++) {
while (strs[i].indexOf(prefix) != 0) {
prefix = prefix.substring(0, prefix.length() - 1);
}
}
return prefix;
}
}
Output:
Longest Common Prefix: fl

126. write a java program for Sum of Two Integers?

Code:
 import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumOfTwoIntegers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(a + b);
}
}
Output:
5 10
15

127. Sum of Two Floats?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SumOfTwoFloats {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
float a = sc.nextFloat();
float b = sc.nextFloat();
System.out.println(a + b);
}
}
Output:
5.5 4.5
10.0

128. Area of a Rectangle?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfRectangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
float length = sc.nextFloat();
 float width = sc.nextFloat();
System.out.println(length * width);
}
}
Output:
5.0 4.0
20.0

129. Volume of a Cylinder?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class VolumeOfCylinder {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
double height = sc.nextDouble();
double volume = Math.PI * radius * radius * height;
System.out.println(volume);
}
}
Output:
35
141.3716694115407

130. Factorial of a Number?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Factorial {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int factorial = 1;
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
factorial *= i;
}
 System.out.println(factorial);
}
}
Output:
5
120

131. Average of Three Numbers?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AverageOfThreeNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
float a = sc.nextFloat();
float b = sc.nextFloat();
float c = sc.nextFloat();
float average = (a + b + c) / 3;
System.out.println(average);
}
}
Output:
5 10 15
10.0
132. Maximum of Two Numbers?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MaxOfTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(Math.max(a, b));
}
}
 Output:
7 10
1
133. Minimum of Two Numbers?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class MinOfTwoNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int a = sc.nextInt();
int b = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(Math.min(a, b));
}
}
Output:
7 10
7
134. Power of a Number?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PowerOfNumber {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double base = sc.nextDouble();
int exponent = sc.nextInt();
double result = Math.pow(base, exponent);
System.out.println(result);
}
}
Output:
23
8.0
135. Check Whether a Number is Prime?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
 public class PrimeCheck {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
boolean isPrime = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= Math.sqrt(n); i++) {
if (n % i == 0) {
isPrime = false;
break;
}
}
if (isPrime && n > 1) {
System.out.println("Prime");
} else {
System.out.println("Not Prime");
}
}
}
Output:
7
Prime
136. Square Root of a Number?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SquareRoot {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double number = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(number));
}
}
Output:
16
4.0
137. Perimeter of a Rectangle?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class PerimeterOfRectangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
float length = sc.nextFloat();
float width = sc.nextFloat();
System.out.println(2 * (length + width));
}
}
Output:
5 10
30.0

138. Area of a Circle?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfCircle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(Math.PI * radius * radius);
}
}
Output:
3
28.274333882308138

139. Area of a Triangle?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfTriangle {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
 double base = sc.nextDouble();
double height = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(0.5 * base * height);
}
}
Output:
5 10
25.0

140. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CelsiusToFahrenheit {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double celsius = sc.nextDouble();
double fahrenheit = (celsius * 9 / 5) + 32;
System.out.println(fahrenheit);
}
}
Output:
25
77.0
141. Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class FahrenheitToCelsius {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double fahrenheit = sc.nextDouble();
double celsius = (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
System.out.println(celsius);
}
}
 Output:
77
25.0
142. Volume of a Sphere?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class VolumeOfSphere {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double radius = sc.nextDouble();
double volume = (4 / 3) * Math.PI * Math.pow(radius, 3);
System.out.println(volume);
}
}
Output:
3
113.09733537928271

143. Average of an Array of Integers?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AverageOfArray {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int n = sc.nextInt();
int[] arr = new int[n];
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
arr[i] = sc.nextInt();
sum += arr[i];
}
System.out.println(sum / n);
}
}
 Output:
5
12345
3
144. Compound Interest?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class CompoundInterest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double principal = sc.nextDouble();
double rate = sc.nextDouble();
int time = sc.nextInt();
double compoundInterest = principal * Math.pow(1 + rate / 100, time) - principal;
System.out.println(compoundInterest);
}
}
Output:
1000 5 2
102.5

145. Area of a Trapezoid?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfTrapezoid {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double a = sc.nextDouble();
double b = sc.nextDouble();
double height = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(0.5 * (a + b) * height);
}
}
Output:
5 10 8
 60.0

146. Area of a Parallelogram?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfParallelogram {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double base = sc.nextDouble();
double height = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(base * height);
}
}
Output:
58
40.0

147 Simple Interest?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class SimpleInterest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double principal = sc.nextDouble();
double rate = sc.nextDouble();
int time = sc.nextInt();
double interest = (principal * rate * time) / 100;
System.out.println(interest);
}
}
Output:
1000 5 2
100.0

148. Area of a Square?

 Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfSquare {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double side = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(side * side);
}
}
Output:
4
16.0

149. Area of a Rhombus?

Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfRhombus {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
double diagonal1 = sc.nextDouble();
double diagonal2 = sc.nextDouble();
System.out.println(0.5 * diagonal1 * diagonal2);
}
}
Output:
58
20.0
150. Area of a Regular Polygon?
Code:
import java.util.Scanner;
public class AreaOfRegularPolygon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int sides = sc.nextInt();
double sideLength = sc.nextDouble();
 double area = (sides * Math.pow(sideLength, 2)) / (4 * Math.tan(Math.PI / sides));
System.out.println(area);
}
}
Output:
64
41.569219381653056

Encapsulation:
151. Create a class representing a student with private member variables (name, roll number,age) and
public methods (getters and setters).?
Code:
class Student {
private String name;
private int rollNumber;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getRollNumber() {
return rollNumber;
}
public void setRollNumber(int rollNumber) {
this.rollNumber = rollNumber;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
student.setName("Alice");
student.setRollNumber(101);
student.setAge(20);
System.out.println("Student Details:");
System.out.println("Name: " + student.getName());
System.out.println("Roll Number: " + student.getRollNumber());
System.out.println("Age: " + student.getAge());
}
}
Output:
Student Details:
Name: Alice
Roll Number: 101
Age: 20
152. Write a program to demonstrale encapsulation by accessing private member variables through
public accessor methods.?
Code:
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Person person = new Person();
 person.setName("John");
person.setAge(25);
System.out.println("Person Details:");
System.out.println("Name: " + person.getName());
System.out.println("Age: " + person.getAge());
}
}
Output:
Person Details:
Name: John
Age: 25
153. Bank Account class with deposit and withdraw methods?
Code:
class BankAccount {
private int accountNumber;
private double balance;
public int getAccountNumber() {
return accountNumber;
}
public void setAccountNumber(int accountNumber) {
this.accountNumber = accountNumber;
}
public double getBalance() {
return balance;
}
public void deposit(double amount) {
if (amount > 0) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: $" + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Invalid deposit amount.");
}
}
public void withdraw(double amount) {
if (amount > 0 && amount <= balance) {
 balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrew: $" + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient funds or invalid amount.");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount account = new BankAccount();
account.setAccountNumber(123456);
account.deposit(1000.0);
account.withdraw(300.0);
account.withdraw(800.0);
System.out.println("Account Details:");
System.out.println("Account Number: " + account.getAccountNumber());
System.out.println("Balance: $" + account.getBalance());
}
}
Output:
Deposited: $1000.0
Withdrew: $300.0
Withdrew: $800.0
Account Details:
Account Number: 123456
Balance: $0.0
154. Demonstrating encapsulation by accessing private member variables through public accessor
methods?
Code:
class EncapsulationDemo {
private String exampleVariable;
public String getExampleVariable() {
return exampleVariable;
}
public void setExampleVariable(String exampleVariable) {
this.exampleVariable = exampleVariable;
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
EncapsulationDemo demo = new EncapsulationDemo();
demo.setExampleVariable("Encapsulation Example");
System.out.println("Example Variable: " + demo.getExampleVariable());
}
}
155. Car Class with Encapsulation?
Code:
class Car {
private String model;
private String color;
private double price;
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car car = new Car();
car.setModel("Tesla Model S");
car.setColor("Red");
car.setPrice(79999.99);
 System.out.println("Car Details:");
System.out.println("Model: " + car.getModel());
System.out.println("Color: " + car.getColor());
System.out.println("Price: $" + car.getPrice());
}
}
Output:
Car Details:
Model: Tesla Model S
Color: Red
Price: $79999.99
156. Book Class with Encapsulation?
Code:
class Book {
private String title;
private String author;
private double price;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
Book book = new Book();
book.setTitle("To Kill a Mockingbird");
book.setAuthor("Harper Lee");
book.setPrice(15.99);
System.out.println("Book Details:");
System.out.println("Title: " + book.getTitle());
Output:
Book Details:
Title: To Kill a Mockingbird
Author: Harper Lee
Price: $10.99
157. Demonstrating Encapsulation by Accessing Private Member Variables Through Public Methods?
Code:
class EncapsulationDemo {
private String exampleVariable;
public String getExampleVariable() {
return exampleVariable;
}
public void setExampleVariable(String exampleVariable) {
this.exampleVariable = exampleVariable;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
EncapsulationDemo demo = new EncapsulationDemo();
demo.setExampleVariable("Hello, Encapsulation!");
System.out.println("Example Variable: " + demo.getExampleVariable());
}
}
Output:
Example Variable: Hello, Encapsulation!

158 Car Class with Private Variables and Getters/Setters?

Code:
class Car {
private String model;
 private String color;
private double price;
public String getModel() {
return model;
}
public void setModel(String model) {
this.model = model;
}
public String getColor() {
return color;
}
public void setColor(String color) {
this.color = color;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Car car = new Car();
car.setModel("Tesla Model S");
car.setColor("Red");
car.setPrice(79999.99);
System.out.println("Car Details:");
System.out.println("Model: " + car.getModel());
System.out.println("Color: " + car.getColor());
System.out.println("Price: $" + car.getPrice());
}
}
Output:
Car Details:
Model: Tesla Model S
Color: Red
 Price: $79999.99

159: Book Class with Private Variables and Getters/Setters?

Code:
class Book {
private String title;
private String author;
private double price;

public String getTitle() {

return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return author;
}
public void setAuthor(String author) {
this.author = author;
}
public double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Book book = new Book();
book.setTitle("To Kill a Mockingbird");
book.setAuthor("Harper Lee");
book.setPrice(10.99);
System.out.println("Book Details:");
System.out.println("Title: " + book.getTitle());
System.out.println("Author: " + book.getAuthor());
 System.out.println("Price: $" + book.getPrice());
}
}
Output:
Book Details:
Title: To Kill a Mockingbird
Author: Harper Lee
Price: $10.99

160. Student Class with Private Variables and Getters/Setters?

Code:
class Student {
private String name;
private int rollNumber;
private double marks;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getRollNumber() {
return rollNumber;
}
public void setRollNumber(int rollNumber) {
this.rollNumber = rollNumber;
}
public double getMarks() {
return marks;
}
public void setMarks(double marks) {
this.marks = marks;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student student = new Student();
 student.setName("Alice");
student.setRollNumber(101);
student.setMarks(95.5);
System.out.println("Student Details:");
System.out.println("Name: " + student.getName());
System.out.println("Roll Number: " + student.getRollNumber());
System.out.println("Marks: " + student.getMarks());
}
}
Output:
Student Details:
Name: Alice
Roll Number: 101
Marks: 95.5

161. Circle Class with Private Variables and Getters/Setters?

Code:
class Circle {
private double radius;
private double area;
private double circumference;
public double getRadius() {
return radius;
}
public void setRadius(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
calculateArea();
calculateCircumference();
}
public double getArea() {
return area;
}
public double getCircumference() {
return circumference;
}
 private void calculateArea() {
this.area = Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
private void calculateCircumference() {
this.circumference = 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Circle circle = new Circle();
circle.setRadius(5);
System.out.println("Circle Details:");
System.out.println("Radius: " + circle.getRadius());
System.out.println("Area: " + circle.getArea());
System.out.println("Circumference: " + circle.getCircumference());
}
}
Output:
Circle Details:
Radius: 5.0
Area: 78.53981633974483
Circumference: 31.41592653589793

Static:
162: Count the Number of Objects Created for a Class Using a Static Variable?
Code:
class ObjectCount {
static int count = 0;
ObjectCount() {
count++;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new ObjectCount();
new ObjectCount();
new ObjectCount();
System.out.println("Number of objects created: " + count);
 }
}
Output:
Number of objects created: 3
163.Static Method to Find the Factorial of a Number?
Code:
class Factorial {
static int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = factorial(5);
System.out.println("Factorial: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Factorial: 120
164. Static Method to Calculate the Area of a Circle?
Code:
class CircleArea {
static double area(double radius) {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(5);
System.out.println("Area of circle: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of circle: 78.53981633974483

165. Static Method to Find the Sum of Elements in an Array?

Code:
class ArraySum {
 static int sum(int[] arr) {
int total = 0;
for (int num : arr) {
total += num;
}
return total;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int result = sum(arr);
System.out.println("Sum of array elements: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Sum of array elements: 15
166. Static Method to Find the Maximum of Two Numbers?
Code:
class MaxNumber {
static int max(int a, int b) {
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = max(10, 20);
System.out.println("Maximum: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Maximum: 20
167. Static Method to Find the Minimum of Two Numbers?
Code:
class MinNumber {
static int min(int a, int b) {
return (a < b) ? a : b;
}
 public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = min(10, 20);
System.out.println("Minimum: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Minimum: 10

168. Static Method to Find the Power of a Number?

Code:
class Power {
static int power(int base, int exponent) {
return (int) Math.pow(base, exponent);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = power(2, 3);
System.out.println("Power: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Power: 8
169. Static Method to Calculate the Square Root of a Number?
Code:
class SquareRoot {
static double squareRoot(double number) {
return Math.sqrt(number);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = squareRoot(25);
System.out.println("Square root: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Square root: 5.0
170. Static Method to Find the Area of a Triangle?
Code:
class TriangleArea {
static double area(double base, double height) {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(10, 5);
System.out.println("Area of triangle: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of triangle: 25.0
171. Static Method to Calculate Simple Interest?
Code:
class SimpleInterest {
static double calculateSI(double principal, double rate, double time) {
return (principal * rate * time) / 100;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = calculateSI(1000, 5, 2);
System.out.println("Simple Interest: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Simple Interest: 100.0
172.Static Method to Find the Volume of a Cylinder?
Code:
class CylinderVolume {
static double volume(double radius, double height) {
return Math.PI * radius * radius * height;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = volume(3, 7);
System.out.println("Volume of cylinder: " + result);
 }
}
Output:
Volume of cylinder: 197.92033717615698
173. Static Method to Calculate Compound Interest?
Code:
class CompoundInterest {
static double calculateCI(double principal, double rate, double time) {
return principal * Math.pow((1 + rate / 100), time) - principal;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = calculateCI(1000, 5, 2);
System.out.println("Compound Interest: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Compound Interest: 102.5
174. Static Method to Find the Area of a Rectangle?
Code:
class RectangleArea {
static double area(double length, double breadth) {
return length * breadth;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(10, 5);
System.out.println("Area of rectangle: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of rectangle: 50.0
175.Static Method to Find the Area of a Square?
Code:
class SquareArea {
static double area(double side) {
return side * side;
 }
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(4);
System.out.println("Area of square: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of square: 16.0
176. Static Method to Find the Area of a Rhombus?
Code:
class RhombusArea {
static double area(double diagonal1, double diagonal2) {
return 0.5 * diagonal1 * diagonal2;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(6, 8);
System.out.println("Area of rhombus: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of rhombus: 24.0
177. Static Method to Find the Area of a Parallelogram?
Code:
class ParallelogramArea {
static double area(double base, double height) {
return base * height;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(10, 5);
System.out.println("Area of parallelogram: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of parallelogram: 50.0
178. Static Method to Find the Area of a Trapezoid?
java
Copy code
class TrapezoidArea {
static double area(double base1, double base2, double height) {
return 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(5, 10, 4);
System.out.println("Area of trapezoid: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of trapezoid: 30.0
179. Static Method to Find the Area of a Regular Polygon?
Code:
class RegularPolygonArea {
static double area(double sides, double length) {
return (sides * length * length) / (4 * Math.tan(Math.PI / sides));
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = area(6, 10);
System.out.println("Area of regular polygon: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Area of regular polygon: 259.8076
180. Static Method to Convert Temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit?
Code:
class CelsiusToFahrenheit {
static double convert(double celsius) {
return (celsius * 9 / 5) + 32;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = convert(25);
 System.out.println("Fahrenheit: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Fahrenheit: 77.0
181. Static Method to Convert Temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius?
Code:
class FahrenheitToCelsius {
static double convert(double fahrenheit) {
return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5 / 9;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
double result = convert(77);
System.out.println("Celsius: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Celsius: 25.0
182.Static Method to Find the Factorial of a Number Using Recursion?
code
class FactorialRecursion {
static int factorial(int n) {
if (n == 0) return 1;
return n * factorial(n - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = factorial(5);
System.out.println("Factorial: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Factorial: 120
183. Static Method to Find the Sum of Digits of a Number Using Recursion?
Code:
class SumOfDigits {
 static int sum(int number) {
if (number == 0) return 0;
return number % 10 + sum(number / 10);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = sum(123);
System.out.println("Sum of digits: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Sum of digits: 6
184.Static Method to Find the Power of a Number Using Recursion?
Code:
class PowerRecursion {
static int power(int base, int exponent) {
if (exponent == 0) return 1;
return base * power(base, exponent - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = power(2, 3);
System.out.println("Power: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Power: 8
185. Static Method to Find the Fibonacci Series Using Recursion?
Code:
class Fibonacci {
static int fibonacci(int n) {
if (n <= 1) return n;
return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
int result = fibonacci(6);
System.out.println("Fibonacci: " + result);
 }
}
Output:
Fibonacci: 8
186. Static Method to Reverse a String Using Recursion
java
Copy code
class ReverseString {
static String reverse(String str) {
if (str.isEmpty()) return str;
return reverse(str.substring(1)) + str.charAt(0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String result = reverse("hello");
System.out.println("Reversed String: " + result);
}
}
Output:
Reversed String: olleh

Abstraction:
187. Abstract Class "Shape" with Abstract Methods "calculateArea" and "calculatePerimeter",
Implemented in Subclasses "Circle" and "Rectangle"?
Code:
abstract class Shape {
abstract double calculateArea();
abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}
class Circle extends Shape {
double radius;
Circle(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
 return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}
class Rectangle extends Shape {
double length, width;
Rectangle(double length, double width) {
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return length * width;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * (length + width);
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape circle = new Circle(5);
Shape rectangle = new Rectangle(4, 6);
System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());
System.out.println("Rectangle Area: " + rectangle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Rectangle Perimeter: " + rectangle.calculatePerimeter());
}
}
Output:
Circle Area: 78.53981633974483
Circle Perimeter: 31.41592653589793
 Rectangle Area: 24.0
Rectangle Perimeter: 20.0

188. Demonstrate Abstraction by Creating Objects of Subclasses and Invoking Abstract Methods?
Code:
abstract class Animal {
abstract void eat();
abstract void sleep();
}
class Dog extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Dog is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Dog is sleeping");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Cat is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Cat is sleeping");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal dog = new Dog();
Animal cat = new Cat();
dog.eat();
dog.sleep();
 cat.eat();
cat.sleep();
}
}
Output:
Dog is eating
Dog is sleeping
Cat is eating
Cat is sleeping

189.Abstract Class "Employee" with Abstract Methods "calculateSalary" and "calculateBonus",

Implemented in Subclasses "Manager" and "Clerk"?
Code:
abstract class Employee {
abstract double calculateSalary();
abstract double calculateBonus();
}
class Manager extends Employee {
@Override
double calculateSalary() {
return 50000;
}
@Override
double calculateBonus() {
return 10000;
}
}
class Clerk extends Employee {
@Override
double calculateSalary() {
return 20000;
}
@Override
double calculateBonus() {
return 3000;
}
 }
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Employee manager = new Manager();
Employee clerk = new Clerk();
System.out.println("Manager Salary: " + manager.calculateSalary());
System.out.println("Manager Bonus: " + manager.calculateBonus());
System.out.println("Clerk Salary: " + clerk.calculateSalary());
System.out.println("Clerk Bonus: " + clerk.calculateBonus());
}
}
Output:
Manager Salary: 50000.0
Manager Bonus: 10000.0
Clerk Salary: 20000.0
Clerk Bonus: 3000.0

190. Abstract Class "BankAccount" with Abstract Methods "deposit" and "withdraw", Implemented
in Subclasses "SavingsAccount" and "CurrentAccount"
Code:
abstract class BankAccount {
abstract void deposit(double amount);
abstract void withdraw(double amount);
}
class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {
double balance = 0;
@Override
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}
@Override
void withdraw(double amount) {
if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
 } else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}
}
class CurrentAccount extends BankAccount {
double balance = 0;
@Override
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}
@Override
void withdraw(double amount) {
if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount savings = new SavingsAccount();
BankAccount current = new CurrentAccount();

savings.deposit(1000);
savings.withdraw(500);

current.deposit(2000);
current.withdraw(1500);
}
}
Output:
 Deposited: 1000.0
Withdrawn: 500.0
Deposited: 2000.0
Withdrawn: 1500.0

191. Abstract Class "Vehicle" with Abstract Methods "start" and "stop", Implemented in Subclasses
"Car" and "Motorcycle"?
Code:
abstract class Vehicle {
abstract void start();
abstract void stop();
}
class Car extends Vehicle {
@Override
void start() {
System.out.println("Car is starting");
}
@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Car is stopping");
}
}
class Motorcycle extends Vehicle {
@Override
void start() {
System.out.println("Motorcycle is starting");
}
@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Motorcycle is stopping");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle car = new Car();
Vehicle motorcycle = new Motorcycle();
 car.start();
car.stop();

motorcycle.start();
motorcycle.stop();
}
}
Output:
Car is starting
Car is stopping
Motorcycle is starting
Motorcycle is stopping

192.Abstract Class "Shape" with Abstract Methods "calculateArea" and "calculatePerimeter",

Implemented in Subclasses "Triangle" and "Circle"
Code:
abstract class Shape {
abstract double calculateArea();
abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}
class Triangle extends Shape {
double base, height;
Triangle(double base, double height) {
this.base = base;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return base * 3; // Assuming an equilateral triangle for simplicity
}
}
 class Circle extends Shape {
double radius;
Circle(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape triangle = new Triangle(4, 5);
Shape circle = new Circle(7);
System.out.println("Triangle Area: " + triangle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Triangle Perimeter: " + triangle.calculatePerimeter());
System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());
}
}
Output:
Triangle Area: 10.0
Triangle Perimeter: 12.0
Circle Area: 153.93804002589985
Circle Perimeter: 43.982297150257104

193. Abstract Class "Bank" with Abstract Methods "openAccount" and "closeAccount", Implemented
in Subclasses "SavingsBank" and "CurrentBank"?
Code:
abstract class Bank {
abstract void openAccount();
abstract void closeAccount();
}
class SavingsBank extends Bank {
@Override
void openAccount() {
System.out.println("Savings Account opened");
}
@Override
void closeAccount() {
System.out.println("Savings Account closed");
}
}
class CurrentBank extends Bank {
@Override
void openAccount() {
System.out.println("Current Account opened");
}
@Override
void closeAccount() {
System.out.println("Current Account closed");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank savingsBank = new SavingsBank();
Bank currentBank = new CurrentBank();
savingsBank.openAccount();
savingsBank.closeAccount();
currentBank.openAccount();
currentBank.closeAccount();
}
}
Output:
Savings Account opened
Savings Account closed
Current Account opened
 Current Account closed
194. Program to Demonstrate Abstraction by Creating Objects of Subclasses and Invoking Abstract Methods?

Code:
abstract class Animal {
abstract void eat();
abstract void sleep();
}
class Dog extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Dog is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Dog is sleeping");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Cat is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Cat is sleeping");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal dog = new Dog();
Animal cat = new Cat();
dog.eat();
dog.sleep();
cat.eat();
cat.sleep();
 }
}
Output:
Dog is eating
Dog is sleeping
Cat is eating
Cat is sleeping

195. Abstract Class "Animal" with Abstract Methods "eat" and "sleep", Implemented in Subclasses
"Dog" and "Cat"?
Code:
abstract class Animal {
abstract void eat();
abstract void sleep();
}
class Dog extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Dog is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Dog is sleeping");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
void eat() {
System.out.println("Cat is eating");
}
@Override
void sleep() {
System.out.println("Cat is sleeping");
}
}
 public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal dog = new Dog();
Animal cat = new Cat();
dog.eat();
dog.sleep();
cat.eat();
cat.sleep();
}
}
Output:
Dog is eating
Dog is sleeping
Cat is eating
Cat is sleeping

196. Program to Demonstrate Abstraction by Creating Objects of Subclasses and Invoking Abstract
Methods?
Code:
abstract class Shape {
abstract double calculateArea();
abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}
class Rectangle extends Shape {
double length, width;
Rectangle(double length, double width) {
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return length * width;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * (length + width);
 }
}
class Square extends Shape {
double side;
Square(double side) {
this.side = side;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return side * side;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 4 * side;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape rectangle = new Rectangle(4, 5);
Shape square = new Square(3);
System.out.println("Rectangle Area: " + rectangle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Rectangle Perimeter: " + rectangle.calculatePerimeter());
System.out.println("Square Area: " + square.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Square Perimeter: " + square.calculatePerimeter());
}
}
Output:
Rectangle Area: 20.0
Rectangle Perimeter: 18.0
Square Area: 9.0
Square Perimeter: 12.0

197. Abstract Class "Bank" with Abstract Methods "openAccount" and "closeAccount", Implemented
in Subclasses "SavingsBank" and "CurrentBank"?
Code:
abstract class Bank {
 abstract void openAccount();
abstract void closeAccount();
}
class SavingsBank extends Bank {
@Override
void openAccount() {
System.out.println("Savings Account opened");
}
@Override
void closeAccount() {
System.out.println("Savings Account closed");
}
}
class CurrentBank extends Bank {
@Override
void openAccount() {
System.out.println("Current Account opened");
}
@Override
void closeAccount() {
System.out.println("Current Account closed");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bank savings = new SavingsBank();
Bank current = new CurrentBank();
savings.openAccount();
savings.closeAccount();
current.openAccount();
current.closeAccount();
}
}
Output:
Savings Account opened
 Savings Account closed
Current Account opened
Current Account closed

198. Program to Demonstrate Abstraction by Creating Objects of Subclasses and Invoking Abstract
Methods?
Code:
abstract class Vehicle {
abstract void start();
abstract void stop();
}
class Car extends Vehicle {
@Override
void start() {
System.out.println("Car is starting");
}
@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Car is stopping");
}
}
class Motorcycle extends Vehicle {
@Override
void start() {
System.out.println("Motorcycle is starting");
}
@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Motorcycle is stopping");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle car = new Car();
Vehicle motorcycle = new Motorcycle();
 car.start();
car.stop();

motorcycle.start();
motorcycle.stop();
}
}
Output:
Car is starting
Car is stopping
Motorcycle is starting
Motorcycle is stopping

199. Abstract Class "Shape" with Abstract Methods "calculateArea" and "calculatePerimeter",
Implemented in Subclasses "Triangle" and "Circle".?
Code:
abstract class Shape {
abstract double calculateArea();
abstract double calculatePerimeter();
}
class Triangle extends Shape {
double base, height;
Triangle(double base, double height) {
this.base = base;
this.height = height;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return 0.5 * base * height;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 3 * base;
}
}
 class Circle extends Shape {
double radius;
Circle(double radius) {
this.radius = radius;
}
@Override
double calculateArea() {
return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}
@Override
double calculatePerimeter() {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape triangle = new Triangle(4, 5);
Shape circle = new Circle(7);
System.out.println("Triangle Area: " + triangle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Triangle Perimeter: " + triangle.calculatePerimeter());
System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.calculateArea());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.calculatePerimeter());
}
}
Output:
Triangle Area: 10.0
Triangle Perimeter: 12.0
Circle Area: 153.93804002589985
Circle Perimeter: 43.982297150257104

200. Program to Demonstrate Abstraction by Creating Objects of Subclasses and Invoking Abstract
Methods
Code:
abstract class BankAccount {
abstract void deposit(double amount);
abstract void withdraw(double amount);
}
class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {
double balance = 0;
@Override
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}
@Override
void withdraw(double amount) {
if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}
}
class CurrentAccount extends BankAccount {
double balance = 0;
@Override
void deposit(double amount) {
balance += amount;
System.out.println("Deposited: " + amount);
}
@Override
void withdraw(double amount) {
if (balance >= amount) {
balance -= amount;
System.out.println("Withdrawn: " + amount);
} else {
System.out.println("Insufficient balance");
}
}
}
 public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BankAccount savings = new SavingsAccount();
BankAccount current = new CurrentAccount();
savings.deposit(1000);
savings.withdraw(500);
current.deposit(2000);
current.withdraw(1500);
}
}
Output:
Deposited: 1000.0
Withdrawn: 500.0
Deposited: 2000.0
Withdrawn: 1500.0

201. Abstract Class "Vehicle" with Abstract Methods "start" and "stop", Implemented in Subclasses
"Car" and "Truck"?
Code:
abstract class Vehicle {
abstract void drive();
abstract void stop();
}

class Car extends Vehicle {

@Override
void drive() {
System.out.println("Car is driving");
}

@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Car has stopped");
}
}
class Truck extends Vehicle {
@Override
void drive() {
System.out.println("Truck is driving");
}

@Override
void stop() {
System.out.println("Truck has stopped");
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Vehicle car = new Car();
Vehicle truck = new Truck();

car.drive();
car.stop();

truck.drive();
truck.stop();
}
}
Output:
Car is driving
Car has stopped
Truck is driving
Truck has stopped
MULTI THREADING

1.Create multiple threads and display their names

package MultiThreading;

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread Name: " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread t1 = new MyThread();

MyThread t2 = new MyThread();

t1.start();

t2.start();

Output: Enter a number: 10

10 is not a palindrome.

//2. Thread synchronization using synchronized block

package MultiThreading;

class synchronizedExample {

private int count = 0;

public void increment() {

synchronized (this) {

count++;

public int getCount() {

return count;

}
MULTI THREADING

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

synchronizedExample obj = new synchronizedExample();

Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> {

for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) obj.increment();

});

Thread t2 = new Thread(() -> {

for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) obj.increment();

});

t1.start();

t2.start();

t1.join();

t2.join();

System.out.println("Final count: " + obj.getCount());

Output: Final count: 2000

//3. Create multiple threads and display their priorities

package MultiThreading;

public class Threadwithpriority extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " Priority: " +

Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread t1 = new Threadwithpriority();

Thread t2 = new Threadwithpriority();

t1.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
MULTI THREADING

t2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);

t1.start();

t2.start();

Output: Thread Thread-1 Priority: 10

Thread Thread-0 Priority: 1

//4. Create a thread pool and execute multiple tasks using ExecutorService

package MultiThreading;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

class Task implements Runnable {

public void run() {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing task");

public static void main(String[] args) {

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

executor.submit(new Task());

executor.shutdown();

Output: pool-1-thread-3 is executing task

//5. Create multiple threads and join them

package MultiThreading;
MULTI THREADING

class JoinExample extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing.");

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

JoinExample t1 = new JoinExample();

JoinExample t2 = new JoinExample();

t1.start();

t2.start();

t1.join();

t2.join();

System.out.println("All threads are finished.");

Output: All threads are finished.

//6. Demonstrate a deadlock condition:

public class ThreadInterruptDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

Thread.sleep(500);

thread1.interrupt();

thread2.interrupt();

}
MULTI THREADING

Output:

//7. Create multiple threads and interrupt them:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {
while (!isInterrupted()) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " was interrupted");
}
}

public class ThreadInterruptDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread1.start();
thread2.start();

Thread.sleep(500);
thread1.interrupt();
thread2.interrupt();
}
}
Output: Thread Name: Thread-1
Thread Name: Thread-0
//8. Demonstrate thread-local variables:
MULTI THREADING

class MyThread extends Thread {

private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> 0);

public void run() {

threadLocal.set(threadLocal.get() + 1);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " ThreadLocal value: " +

threadLocal.get());

public class ThreadLocalDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

Output: Thread-0 ThreadLocal value: 1

Thread-1 ThreadLocal value: 1

//9. Wait for threads to complete using CountDownLatch:

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

class MyThread extends Thread {

private CountDownLatch latch;

public MyThread(CountDownLatch latch) {

this.latch = latch;

}
MULTI THREADING

public void run() {

try {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");

} finally {

latch.countDown();

public class CountDownLatchDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(latch);

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread(latch);

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

latch.await();

System.out.println("Both threads have completed");

Output: Thread-0 is running

Thread-1 is running

Both threads have completed

//10. Demonstrate thread priorities in Java:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

MULTI THREADING

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " with priority: " +

Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

public class ThreadPriorityExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();

thread1.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);

thread1.start();

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread2.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);

thread2.start();

Output: Thread-0 with priority: 1

Thread-1 with priority: 10

//11. Create multiple threads and use thread groups:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " in thread group: " +

getThreadGroup().getName());

public class ThreadGroupDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ThreadGroup group = new ThreadGroup("MyGroup");

MULTI THREADING

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();

thread1.setThreadGroup(group);

thread1.start();

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread2.setThreadGroup(group);

thread2.start();

Output: Thread-0 in thread group: MyGroup

Thread-1 in thread group: MyGroup

//12. Thread communication using wait() and notify() methods:

class Producer implements Runnable {

private final Object lock;

public Producer(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

@Override

public void run() {

synchronized (lock) {

System.out.println("Producer: Producing item...");

lock.notify(); // Notify the consumer

}
MULTI THREADING

class Consumer implements Runnable {

private final Object lock;

public Consumer(Object lock) {

this.lock = lock;

@Override

public void run() {

synchronized (lock) {

try {

System.out.println("Consumer: Waiting for item...");

lock.wait(); // Wait for the producer

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

System.out.println("Consumer: Consumed item!");

public class WaitNotifyDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Object lock = new Object();

Thread producer = new Thread(new Producer(lock));

Thread consumer = new Thread(new Consumer(lock));

consumer.start();
MULTI THREADING

producer.start();

consumer.join();

producer.join();

Output: Consumer: Waiting for item...

Producer: Producing item...

Consumer: Consumed item!

//13. Create multiple threads and use thread-local variables:

class MyThread extends Thread {

private static ThreadLocal<Integer> threadLocal = ThreadLocal.withInitial(() -> 0);

public void run() {

threadLocal.set(threadLocal.get() + 1);

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " ThreadLocal value: " +

threadLocal.get());

public class ThreadLocalDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

}
MULTI THREADING

Output: Thread-0 ThreadLocal value: 1

Thread-1 ThreadLocal value: 1

//14. Thread communication using volatile keyword:

class SharedResource {

private volatile boolean flag = false;

public void toggleFlag() {

flag = !flag;

public boolean getFlag() {

return flag;

class MyThread extends Thread {

private SharedResource resource;

public MyThread(SharedResource resource) {

this.resource = resource;

public void run() {

while (!resource.getFlag()) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " waiting for flag...");

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " detected flag change!");

}
MULTI THREADING

public class VolatileDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

SharedResource resource = new SharedResource();

MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(resource);

MyThread thread2 = new MyThread(resource);

thread1.start();

thread2.start();

Thread.sleep(2000);

resource.toggleFlag(); // Change flag to true

Output: Thread-0 waiting for flag...

Thread-1 waiting for flag...

Thread-0 detected flag change!

Thread-1 detected flag change!

//15. Create multiple threads and use Executors framework:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ExecutorServiceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

Runnable task1 = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing task

1");
MULTI THREADING

Runnable task2 = () -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing task

2");

executor.submit(task1);

executor.submit(task2);

executor.shutdown();

Output: pool-1-thread-1 is executing task 1

pool-1-thread-2 is executing task 2

//16. Demonstrate thread interruption in Java:

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

try {

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

if (isInterrupted()) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " was interrupted");

return;

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is running");

Thread.sleep(500);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted during sleep");

}
MULTI THREADING

public class ThreadInterruptDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

MyThread thread = new MyThread();

thread.start();

Thread.sleep(2000);

thread.interrupt();

Output: Thread-0 is running

Thread-1 is running

Thread-0 was interrupted

Thread-1 was interrupted

//17. Create multiple threads and use Callable and Future:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class MyCallable implements Callable<Integer> {

@Override

public Integer call() {

return 100;

public class CallableFutureDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

Callable<Integer> task = new MyCallable();

Future<Integer> future = executor.submit(task);

System.out.println("Result from Callable: " + future.get());

MULTI THREADING

executor.shutdown();

Output: Result from Callable: 100

//18. Thread communication using BlockingQueue:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class Producer implements Runnable {

private BlockingQueue<Integer> queue;

public Producer(BlockingQueue<Integer> queue) {

this.queue = queue;

@Override

public void run() {

try {

queue.put(1);

System.out.println("Produced item 1");

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

Thread.currentThread().interrupt();

class Consumer implements Runnable {

private BlockingQueue<Integer> queue;

MULTI THREADING

public Consumer(BlockingQueue<Integer> queue) {

this.queue = queue;

@Override

public void run() {

try {

Integer item = queue.take();

System.out.println("Consumed item " + item);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

Thread.currentThread().interrupt();

public class BlockingQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

BlockingQueue<Integer> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(1);

Thread producer = new Thread(new Producer(queue));

Thread consumer = new Thread(new Consumer(queue));

producer.start();

consumer.start();

producer.join();

consumer.join();

Output: Produced item 1

MULTI THREADING

Consumed item 1

//19. Create multiple threads and use Phaser:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class PhaserDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Phaser phaser = new Phaser(1); // Register main thread

Runnable task = () -> {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is starting");

phaser.arriveAndAwaitAdvance(); // Wait for other threads

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is completed");

};

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

new Thread(task).start();

phaser.register(); // Register each new thread

phaser.arriveAndDeregister(); // Main thread arrives

Output: Thread-0 is starting

Thread-1 is starting

Thread-2 is starting

All threads reached barrier

Thread-0 is completed

Thread-1 is completed

Thread-2 is completed
MULTI THREADING

//20. Thread communication using CyclicBarrier:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class Task implements Runnable {

private CyclicBarrier barrier;

public Task(CyclicBarrier barrier) {

this.barrier = barrier;

@Override

public void run() {

try {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is ready");

barrier.await(); // Wait for all threads to reach barrier

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing after barrier");

} catch (InterruptedException | BrokenBarrierException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

public class CyclicBarrierDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> System.out.println("All threads reached barrier"));

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

new Thread(new Task(barrier)).start();

}
MULTI THREADING

Output: Thread-0 is ready

Thread-1 is ready

Thread-2 is ready

All threads reached barrier

Thread-0 is executing after barrier

Thread-1 is executing after barrier

Thread-2 is executing after barrier

//21. Create multiple threads and use Semaphore:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class SemaphoreTask implements Runnable {

private Semaphore semaphore;

public SemaphoreTask(Semaphore semaphore) {

this.semaphore = semaphore;

@Override

public void run() {

try {

semaphore.acquire();

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is executing");

Thread.sleep(2000);

semaphore.release();

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}
MULTI THREADING

public class SemaphoreDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(2); // Two permits available

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

new Thread(new SemaphoreTask(semaphore)).start();

Output: Thread-0 is executing

Thread-1 is executing

Thread-2 is executing

Thread-3 is executing

Thread-4 is executing

//22. Thread communication using Exchanger:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class ExchangerTask implements Runnable {

private Exchanger<String> exchanger;

public ExchangerTask(Exchanger<String> exchanger) {

this.exchanger = exchanger;

@Override

public void run() {

MULTI THREADING

try {

String message = exchanger.exchange("Hello from " + Thread.currentThread().getName());

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " received: " + message);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

public class ExchangerDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Exchanger<String> exchanger = new Exchanger<>();

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

new Thread(new ExchangerTask(exchanger)).start();

Output:

Thread-0 received: Hello from Thread-1

Thread-1 received: Hello from Thread-0

//23. Create multiple threads and use CompletionService:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class Task implements Callable<Integer> {

@Override

public Integer call() throws Exception {

return 100;

}
MULTI THREADING

public class CompletionServiceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {

ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);

CompletionService<Integer> completionService = new ExecutorCompletionService<>(executor);

completionService.submit(new Task());

completionService.submit(new Task());

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

System.out.println("Result: " + completionService.take().get());

executor.shutdown();

Output: Result: 100

Result: 100

//24. Thread communication using TransferQueue:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

class TransferQueueTask implements Runnable {

private TransferQueue<Integer> queue;

public TransferQueueTask(TransferQueue<Integer> queue) {

this.queue = queue;

}
MULTI THREADING

@Override

public void run() {

try {

Integer item = queue.take();

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " consumed: " + item);

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

public class TransferQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

TransferQueue<Integer> queue = new LinkedTransferQueue<>();

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

new Thread(new TransferQueueTask(queue)).start();

queue.transfer(1);

Output: Thread-0 consumed: 1

Thread-1 consumed: 1

//25. Create multiple threads and use ScheduledExecutorService:

import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class ScheduledExecutorServiceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MULTI THREADING

ScheduledExecutorService executor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);

executor.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> System.out.println("Task executed at: " +

System.currentTimeMillis()), 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Output: Task executed at: <timestamp>

Task executed at: <timestamp>

Task executed at: <timestamp>

...

//26. Thread communication using Lock and Condition:

import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

class LockConditionTask implements Runnable {

private Lock lock;

private Condition condition;

public LockConditionTask(Lock lock, Condition condition) {

this.lock = lock;

this.condition = condition;

@Override

public void run() {

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is waiting");

condition.await(); // Wait for notification

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " is notified");

MULTI THREADING

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

lock.unlock();

public class LockConditionDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

Condition condition = lock.newCondition();

for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {

new Thread(new LockConditionTask(lock, condition)).start();

Thread.sleep(1000); // Simulate some work

lock.lock();

try {

System.out.println("Main thread notifying all threads");

condition.signalAll(); // Notify all waiting threads

} finally {

lock.unlock();

Output: Thread-0 is waiting

MULTI THREADING

Thread-1 is waiting

Main thread notifying all threads

Thread-0 is notified

Thread-1 is notified
Interface

1. Create interfaces "Drawable" and "Resizable" with methods "draw()" and "resize()".
public class InterfaceDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape shape = new Shape(); // Create an object of the Shape class

// Calling methods from the interfaces

shape.draw(); // Drawable method
shape.resize(); // Resizable method
}
}
Output: Drawing the shape.
Resizing the shape.
2. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the shape class
and invoking interface methods.
public class InterfaceDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape shape = new Shape(); // Create an object of the Shape class

// Calling methods from the interfaces

shape.draw(); // Drawable method
shape.resize(); // Resizable method
}
}

Output: Drawing the shape.

Resizing the shape.

3. Create interfaces "Flyable" and "Swimable" with methods "fly()" and "swim()". Impler them in
classes representing a bird and a fish.
public class InterfaceDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape shape = new Shape(); // Create an object of the Shape class

// Calling methods from the interfaces

shape.draw(); // Drawable method
shape.resize(); // Resizable method
}
}
Output: Drawing the shape.
Resizing the shape.
4. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the and fish
classes and invoking interface methods
public class InterfaceDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Bird bird = new Bird(); // Create an object of the Bird class
Interface

Fish fish = new Fish(); // Create an object of the Fish class

// Calling methods from the interfaces

bird.fly(); // Flyable method
fish.swim(); // Swimable method
}
}

Output: The bird is flying.

The fish is swimming.

5. Create interfaces "Comparable" and "Cloneable" with methods "compareTo()" and "clone()".
Implement them in classes representing a number and a person
interface Comparable {
int compareTo(Object o);
}

interface Cloneable {
Object clone();
}

class Number implements Comparable, Cloneable {

int value;

Number(int value) {
this.value = value;
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
Number other = (Number) o;
return Integer.compare(this.value, other.value);
}

@Override
public Object clone() {
return new Number(this.value);
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Number: " + value;
}
}
Interface

class Person implements Comparable, Cloneable {

String name;

Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Object o) {
Person other = (Person) o;
return this.name.compareTo(other.name);
}

@Override
public Object clone() {
return new Person(this.name);
}

@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person: " + name;
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Number num1 = new Number(5);
Number num2 = new Number(10);
System.out.println("Comparison of num1 and num2: " + num1.compareTo(num2));

Person person1 = new Person("Alice");

Person person2 = new Person("Bob");
System.out.println("Comparison of person1 and person2: " + person1.compareTo(person2));

// Cloning
Number clonedNum = (Number) num1.clone();
Person clonedPerson = (Person) person1.clone();
System.out.println("Cloned Number: " + clonedNum);
System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + clonedPerson);
}
}

Output: Comparison of num1 and num2: -1

Comparison of person1 and person2: -1

Interface

Cloned Number: Number: 5

Cloned Person: Person: Alice

6. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the number

and person classes and invoking interface methods.
public class InterfaceDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Number num1 = new Number(5);
Number num2 = new Number(10);
System.out.println("Comparison of num1 and num2: " + num1.compareTo(num2));

Person person1 = new Person("Alice");

Person person2 = new Person("Bob");
System.out.println("Comparison of person1 and person2: " + person1.compareTo(person2));

// Cloning
Number clonedNum = (Number) num1.clone();
Person clonedPerson = (Person) person1.clone();
System.out.println("Cloned Number: " + clonedNum);
System.out.println("Cloned Person: " + clonedPerson);
}
}

Output: Comparison of num1 and num2: -1

Comparison of person1 and person2: -1

Cloned Number: Number: 5

Cloned Person: Person: Alice

7. Create interfaces "List" and "Set" with methods "add()", "remove()", and "contains()" Implement
them in classes representing an array list and a hash set.
interface List {
void add(Object obj);
void remove(Object obj);
boolean contains(Object obj);
}

interface Set {
void add(Object obj);
void remove(Object obj);
boolean contains(Object obj);
}

class ArrayList implements List {

Interface

java.util.ArrayList<Object> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();

@Override
public void add(Object obj) {
list.add(obj);
}

@Override
public void remove(Object obj) {
list.remove(obj);
}

@Override
public boolean contains(Object obj) {
return list.contains(obj);
}
}

class HashSet implements Set {

java.util.HashSet<Object> set = new java.util.HashSet<>();

@Override
public void add(Object obj) {
set.add(obj);
}

@Override
public void remove(Object obj) {
set.remove(obj);
}

@Override
public boolean contains(Object obj) {
return set.contains(obj);
}
}

Output: ArrayList contains 'Item1': true

ArrayList contains 'Item1' after removal: false

HashSet contains 'ItemA': true

HashSet contains 'ItemA' after removal: false

8. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the array list
and hash set classes and invoking interface methods.
Interface

public class ListSetDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
List arrayList = new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("Item1");
arrayList.add("Item2");
System.out.println("ArrayList contains 'Item1': " + arrayList.contains("Item1"));
arrayList.remove("Item1");
System.out.println("ArrayList contains 'Item1' after removal: " + arrayList.contains("Item1"));

Set hashSet = new HashSet();

hashSet.add("ItemA");
hashSet.add("ItemB");
System.out.println("HashSet contains 'ItemA': " + hashSet.contains("ItemA"));
hashSet.remove("ItemA");
System.out.println("HashSet contains 'ItemA' after removal: " + hashSet.contains("ItemA"));
}
}

Output: ArrayList contains 'Item1': true

ArrayList contains 'Item1' after removal: false

HashSet contains 'ItemA': true

HashSet contains 'ItemA' after removal: false

9. Create interfaces "Printable" and "Scannable" with methods "print()" and "scan()" Implement
them in classes representing a printer and a scanner.
interface Printable {
void print();
}

interface Scannable {
void scan();
}

class Printer implements Printable {

@Override
public void print() {
System.out.println("Printing document...");
}
}

class Scanner implements Scannable {

@Override
public void scan() {
System.out.println("Scanning document...");
Interface

}
}

Output: Printing document...

Scanning document...

10. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the printer and
scanner classes and invoking interface methods.
public class PrinterScannerDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Printer printer = new Printer();
printer.print();

Scanner scanner = new Scanner();

scanner.scan();
}
}

Output: Printing document...

Scanning document...

11. Create interfaces "Sortable" and "Searchable" with methods "sort()" and "search()" Implement
them in classes representing a list and a dictionary.
interface Sortable {
void sort();
}

interface Searchable {
boolean search(Object obj);
}

class List implements Sortable, Searchable {

java.util.ArrayList<Object> list = new java.util.ArrayList<>();

@Override
public void sort() {
java.util.Collections.sort(list, null);
System.out.println("List sorted: " + list);
}

@Override
public boolean search(Object obj) {
return list.contains(obj);
}
Interface

public void add(Object obj) {

list.add(obj);
}
}

class Dictionary implements Searchable {

java.util.HashMap<String, String> map = new java.util.HashMap<>();

@Override
public boolean search(Object obj) {
return map.containsValue(obj);
}

public void add(String key, String value) {

map.put(key, value);
}
}

Output: List sorted: [Item1, Item2]

Item 'Item1' found in list: true

Value 'value1' found in dictionary: true

12. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the list and
dictionary classes and invoking interface methods.
public class ListDictionaryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List list = new List();
list.add("Item1");
list.add("Item2");
list.sort();
System.out.println("Item 'Item1' found in list: " + list.search("Item1"));

Dictionary dictionary = new Dictionary();

dictionary.add("key1", "value1");
System.out.println("Value 'value1' found in dictionary: " + dictionary.search("value1"));
}
}

Output: List sorted: [Item1, Item2]

Item 'Item1' found in list: true

Value 'value1' found in dictionary: true

13. Create interfaces "Serializable" and "Deserializable" with methods "serialize()" and
"deserialize()". Implement them in classes representing a file and a database.
Interface

interface Serializable {
void serialize();
}

interface Deserializable {
void deserialize();
}

class File implements Serializable {

@Override
public void serialize() {
System.out.println("File serialized.");
}
}

class Database implements Deserializable {

@Override
public void deserialize() {
System.out.println("Database deserialized.");
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Serializable file = new File();
Deserializable database = new Database();

file.serialize();
database.deserialize();
}
}

Output: File serialized.

Database deserialized.

14. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the file and
database classes and invoking interface methods.
public class FileDatabaseDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File();
file.serialize();
file.deserialize();

Database database = new Database();

database.serialize();
Interface

database.deserialize();
}
}

Output: File serialized.

File deserialized.

Database serialized.

Database deserialized.

15. Create interfaces "Encryptable" and "Decryptable" with methods "encrypt()" and "decrypt()".
Implement them in classes representing an encoder and a decoder.
interface Encryptable {
void encrypt();
}

interface Decryptable {
void decrypt();
}

class Encoder implements Encryptable {

@Override
public void encrypt() {
System.out.println("Encrypting data...");
}
}

class Decoder implements Decryptable {

@Override
public void decrypt() {
System.out.println("Decrypting data...");
}
}

Output: Encrypting data...

Decrypting data...

16. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the encoder
and decoder classes and invoking interface methods.
public class EncoderDecoderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Encoder encoder = new Encoder();
encoder.encrypt();

Decoder decoder = new Decoder();

Interface

decoder.decrypt();
}
}

Output: Encrypting data...

Decrypting data...

17. Create interfaces "Runnable" and "Walkable" with methods "run()" and "walk()" Implement
them in classes representing a cheetah and a tortoise.
interface Runnable {
void run();
}

interface Walkable {
void walk();
}

class Cheetah implements Runnable {

@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("Cheetah is running...");
}
}

class Tortoise implements Walkable {

@Override
public void walk() {
System.out.println("Tortoise is walking...");
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Runnable cheetah = new Cheetah();
Walkable tortoise = new Tortoise();

cheetah.run();
tortoise.walk();
}
}

Output: Cheetah is running...

Tortoise is walking...
Interface

18. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the cheetah
and tortoise classes and invoking interface methods.
public class CheetahTortoiseDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Cheetah cheetah = new Cheetah();
cheetah.run();

Tortoise tortoise = new Tortoise();

tortoise.walk();
}
}

Output: Cheetah is running...

Tortoise is walking...

19. Create interfaces "Playable" and "Recordable" with methods "play()" and "record()" Implement
them in classes representing a music player and a recorder.
interface Playable {
void play();
}

interface Recordable {
void record();
}

class MusicPlayer implements Playable {

@Override
public void play() {
System.out.println("Playing music...");
}
}

class Recorder implements Recordable {

@Override
public void record() {
System.out.println("Recording audio...");
}
}

public class InterfaceDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Playable musicPlayer = new MusicPlayer();
Recordable recorder = new Recorder();

musicPlayer.play();
Interface

recorder.record();
}
}

Output: Playing music...

Recording audio...

20. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the music
player and recorder classes and invoking interface methods.
public class MusicPlayerRecorderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MusicPlayer player = new MusicPlayer();
player.play();

Recorder recorder = new Recorder();

recorder.record();
}
}

Output: Playing music...

Recording audio...

21. Create interfaces "Drawable" and "Erasable" with methods "draw()" and "erase()" Implement
them in classes representing a whiteboard and a chalkboard.
interface Drawable {
void draw();
}

interface Erasable {
void erase();
}

class Whiteboard implements Drawable, Erasable {

@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing on the whiteboard...");
}

@Override
public void erase() {
System.out.println("Erasing the whiteboard...");
}
}

class Chalkboard implements Drawable, Erasable {

Interface

@Override
public void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing on the chalkboard...");
}

@Override
public void erase() {
System.out.println("Erasing the chalkboard...");
}
}

Output: Drawing on the whiteboard...

Erasing the chalkboard...

22. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the whiteboard
and chalkboard classes and invoking interface methods.
public class WhiteboardChalkboardDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Whiteboard whiteboard = new Whiteboard();
whiteboard.draw();
whiteboard.erase();

Chalkboard chalkboard = new Chalkboard();

chalkboard.draw();
chalkboard.erase();
}
}

Output: Drawing on the whiteboard...

Erasing the whiteboard...

Drawing on the chalkboard...

Erasing the chalkboard...

23. Create interfaces "Sendable" and "Receivable" with methods "send()" and "receive()" Implement
them in classes representing a transmitter and a receiver.
interface Sendable {
void send();
}

interface Receivable {
void receive();
}

class Transmitter implements Sendable {

Interface

@Override
public void send() {
System.out.println("Transmitter sending data...");
}
}

class Receiver implements Receivable {

@Override
public void receive() {
System.out.println("Receiver receiving data...");
}
}

Output: Transmitter sending data...

Receiver receiving data...

24. Write a program to demonstrate interface implementation by creating objects of the transmitter
and receiver classes and invoking interface methods.
public class TransmitterReceiverDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Transmitter transmitter = new Transmitter();
transmitter.send();

Receiver receiver = new Receiver();

receiver.receive();
}
}

Output: Transmitter sending data...

Receiver receiving data...

25. Create interfaces "Encryptable" and "Decryptable" with methods "encrypt()" and "decrypt()".
Implement them in classes representing an encryption algorithm and a
interface Encryptable {
void encrypt();
}

interface Decryptable {
void decrypt();
}

class EncryptionAlgorithm implements Encryptable {

@Override
public void encrypt() {
System.out.println("Encrypting data using algorithm...");
Interface

}
}

class DecryptionAlgorithm implements Decryptable {

@Override
public void decrypt() {
System.out.println("Decrypting data using algorithm...");
}
}

Output: Encrypting data using encryption algorithm...

Decrypting data using decryption algorithm...

Inheritance

1. Create a base class "Vehicle" with properties (make, model, year) and a subclass "Car" with
additional properties (color, mileage).
// Base class Vehicle
class Vehicle {
String make;
String model;
int year;

// Constructor for Vehicle class

public Vehicle(String make, String model, int year) {
this.make = make;
this.model = model;
this.year = year;
}
}

// Subclass Car
class Car extends Vehicle {
String color;
int mileage;

// Constructor for Car class

public Car(String make, String model, int year, String color, int mileage) {
super(make, model, year); // Call the constructor of Vehicle
this.color = color;
this.mileage = mileage;
}

// Method to display car details

public void displayCarDetails() {
System.out.println("Car Details: Make - " + make + ", Model - " + model + ", Year - " + year +
", Color - " + color + ", Mileage - " + mileage);
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object of Car
Car car = new Car("Toyota", "Camry", 2022, "Blue", 15000);

// Access properties and display car details

car.displayCarDetails();
}
}
Inheritance

Output: Car Details: Make - Toyota, Model - Camry, Year - 2022, Color - Blue, Mileage – 15000

2. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.
// Reusing the previous Vehicle and Car classes

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object of Car
Car car = new Car("Toyota", "Corolla", 2021, "Red", 12000);

// Access properties and display car details

car.displayCarDetails();
}
}

Output: Car Details: Make - Toyota, Model - Corolla, Year - 2021, Color - Red, Mileage – 12000

3. Create a base class "Shape" with methods to calculate area and perimeter. Derive classes "Circle"
and "Rectangle" from it and override the methods.
// Base class Shape
abstract class Shape {
String color;

// Constructor for Shape class

public Shape(String color) {
this.color = color;
}

// Abstract methods for area and perimeter

abstract double area();
abstract double perimeter();
}

// Subclass Circle
class Circle extends Shape {
double radius;

// Constructor for Circle class

public Circle(String color, double radius) {
super(color);
this.radius = radius;
}

// Override area method for Circle

@Override
Inheritance

public double area() {

return Math.PI * radius * radius;
}

// Override perimeter method for Circle

@Override
public double perimeter() {
return 2 * Math.PI * radius;
}
}

// Subclass Rectangle
class Rectangle extends Shape {
double length;
double width;

// Constructor for Rectangle class

public Rectangle(String color, double length, double width) {
super(color);
this.length = length;
this.width = width;
}

// Override area method for Rectangle

@Override
public double area() {
return length * width;
}

// Override perimeter method for Rectangle

@Override
public double perimeter() {
return 2 * (length + width);
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object of Circle
Circle circle = new Circle("Red", 5);
System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.area());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.perimeter());

// Create object of Rectangle

Inheritance

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("Blue", 6, 8);

System.out.println("Rectangle Area: " + rectangle.area());
System.out.println("Rectangle Perimeter: " + rectangle.perimeter());
}
}

Output: Circle Area: 78.53981633974483

Circle Perimeter: 31.41592653589793

Rectangle Area: 48.0

Rectangle Perimeter: 28.0

4. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of derived classes and invoking
base class methods.
// Reusing Shape, Circle, and Rectangle classes

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create object of Circle
Circle circle = new Circle("Green", 7);
System.out.println("Circle Area: " + circle.area());
System.out.println("Circle Perimeter: " + circle.perimeter());

// Create object of Rectangle

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("Yellow", 10, 5);
System.out.println("Rectangle Area: " + rectangle.area());
System.out.println("Rectangle Perimeter: " + rectangle.perimeter());
}
}

Output: Circle Area: 153.93804002589985

Circle Perimeter: 43.982297150257104

Rectangle Area: 50.0

Rectangle Perimeter: 30.0

5. Create a base class "Animal" with properties (name, age) and subclasses "Dog" and "Cat" with
additional properties (breed, color).
// Base class Animal
class Animal {
String name;
int age;

// Constructor for Animal class

public Animal(String name, int age) {
Inheritance

this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}

// Subclass Dog
class Dog extends Animal {
String breed;
String color;

// Constructor for Dog class

public Dog(String name, int age, String breed, String color) {
super(name, age); // Call the constructor of Animal
this.breed = breed;
this.color = color;
}

// Method to display dog details

public void displayDogDetails() {
System.out.println("Dog Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Breed - " + breed + ",
Color - " + color);
}
}

// Subclass Cat
class Cat extends Animal {
String breed;
String color;

// Constructor for Cat class

public Cat(String name, int age, String breed, String color) {
super(name, age); // Call the constructor of Animal
this.breed = breed;
this.color = color;
}

// Method to display cat details

public void displayCatDetails() {
System.out.println("Cat Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Breed - " + breed + ",
Color - " + color);
}
}

public class Main {

Inheritance

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create object of Dog
Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", 3, "Golden Retriever", "Golden");
dog.displayDogDetails();

// Create object of Cat

Cat cat = new Cat("Mittens", 2, "Siamese", "White");
cat.displayCatDetails();
}
}

Output: Dog Details: Name - Buddy, Age - 3, Breed - Golden Retriever, Color - Golden

Cat Details: Name - Mittens, Age - 2, Breed - Siamese, Color – White

6. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of derived classes and accessing
properties.
// Base class Animal
class Animal {
String name;
int age;

public Animal(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
}

// Subclass Dog
class Dog extends Animal {
String breed;

public Dog(String name, int age, String breed) {

super(name, age);
this.breed = breed;
}

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Dog Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Breed - " + breed);
}
}

// Subclass Cat
class Cat extends Animal {
String color;
Inheritance

public Cat(String name, int age, String color) {

super(name, age);
this.color = color;
}

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Cat Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Color - " + color);
}
}

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", 3, "Golden Retriever");
dog.displayDetails();
Cat cat = new Cat("Whiskers", 2, "White");
cat.displayDetails();
}
}

Output: Dog Details: Name - Buddy, Age - 3, Breed - Golden Retriever

Cat Details: Name - Whiskers, Age - 2, Color – White

7. Create a base class "Employee" with properties (name, id, salary) and a subclass "Manager" with
additional properties (department, designation).

class Employee {

String name;

int id;

double salary;

public Employee(String name, int id, double salary) {

this.name = name;

this.id = id;

this.salary = salary;

class Manager extends Employee {

Inheritance

String department;

String designation;

public Manager(String name, int id, double salary, String department, String designation) {

super(name, id, salary);

this.department = department;

this.designation = designation;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Manager Details: Name - " + name + ", ID - " + id + ", Salary - " + salary + ",
Department - " + department + ", Designation - " + designation);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Manager manager = new Manager("Alice", 101, 90000, "HR", "Senior Manager");

manager.displayDetails();

Output: Manager Details: Name - Alice, ID - 101, Salary - 90000.0, Department - HR, Designation - Senior
Manager

8.Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Employee employee = new Employee("John", 102, 50000);

System.out.println("Employee Details: Name - " + employee.name + ", ID - " + employee.id + ",

Salary - " + employee.salary);
Inheritance

Manager manager = new Manager("Alice", 101, 90000, "HR", "Senior Manager");

manager.displayDetails();

Output: Employee Details: Name - John, ID - 102, Salary - 50000.0

Manager Details: Name - Alice, ID - 101, Salary - 90000.0, Department - HR, Designation - Senior
Manager

9. Create a base class "Person" with properties (name, age) and subclasses "Student" and "Teacher" with
additional properties (roll number, subject).

class Person {

String name;

int age;

public Person(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

class Student extends Person {

int rollNumber;

public Student(String name, int age, int rollNumber) {

super(name, age);

this.rollNumber = rollNumber;

public void displayDetails() {

Inheritance

System.out.println("Student Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Roll Number - " +
rollNumber);

class Teacher extends Person {

String subject;

public Teacher(String name, int age, String subject) {

super(name, age);

this.subject = subject;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Teacher Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", Subject - " + subject);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student student = new Student("Tom", 20, 101);

student.displayDetails();

Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Dr. Smith", 45, "Mathematics");

teacher.displayDetails();

Output: Student Details: Name - Tom, Age - 20, Roll Number - 101

Teacher Details: Name - Dr. Smith, Age - 45, Subject – Mathematics

Inheritance

10. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of derived classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Student student = new Student("Alice", 18, 102);

student.displayDetails();

Teacher teacher = new Teacher("Mr. Brown", 40, "History");

teacher.displayDetails();

Output: Student Details: Name - Alice, Age - 18, Roll Number - 102

Teacher Details: Name - Mr. Brown, Age - 40, Subject – History

11. Create a base class "BankAccount" with properties (account number, balance) and subclasses
"SavingsAccount" and "CurrentAccount".

class BankAccount {

String accountNumber;

double balance;

public BankAccount(String accountNumber, double balance) {

this.accountNumber = accountNumber;

this.balance = balance;

class SavingsAccount extends BankAccount {

double interestRate;

public SavingsAccount(String accountNumber, double balance, double interestRate) {

super(accountNumber, balance);
Inheritance

this.interestRate = interestRate;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Savings Account - Account Number: " + accountNumber + ", Balance: " +

balance + ", Interest Rate: " + interestRate);

class CurrentAccount extends BankAccount {

double overdraftLimit;

public CurrentAccount(String accountNumber, double balance, double overdraftLimit) {

super(accountNumber, balance);

this.overdraftLimit = overdraftLimit;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Current Account - Account Number: " + accountNumber + ", Balance: " +

balance + ", Overdraft Limit: " + overdraftLimit);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SavingsAccount savings = new SavingsAccount("SA123", 10000, 0.04);

savings.displayDetails();

CurrentAccount current = new CurrentAccount("CA456", 5000, 2000);

current.displayDetails();
Inheritance

Output: Savings Account - Account Number: SA123, Balance: 10000.0, Interest Rate: 0.04

Current Account - Account Number: CA456, Balance: 5000.0, Overdraft Limit: 2000.0

12. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of derived classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

SavingsAccount savings = new SavingsAccount("SA789", 12000, 0.03);

savings.displayDetails();

CurrentAccount current = new CurrentAccount("CA321", 8000, 3000);

current.displayDetails();

Output: Savings Account - Account Number: SA789, Balance: 12000.0, Interest Rate: 0.03

Current Account - Account Number: CA321, Balance: 8000.0, Overdraft Limit: 3000.0

13. Create a base class "Shape" with properties (type, color) and a subclass "Triangle" with additional
properties (base, height).

class Shape {

String type;

String color;

public Shape(String type, String color) {

this.type = type;

this.color = color;

class Triangle extends Shape {

Inheritance

double base;

double height;

public Triangle(String type, String color, double base, double height) {

super(type, color);

this.base = base;

this.height = height;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Triangle Details: Type - " + type + ", Color - " + color + ", Base - " + base + ",
Height - " + height);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Triangle triangle = new Triangle("Equilateral", "Red", 5, 8);

triangle.displayDetails();

Output: Triangle Details: Type - Equilateral, Color - Red, Base - 5.0, Height - 8.0

14. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape shape = new Shape("Polygon", "Blue");

Triangle triangle = new Triangle("Isosceles", "Green", 6, 10);

triangle.displayDetails();
Inheritance

Output: Triangle Details: Type - Isosceles, Color - Green, Base – 6.0, Height - 10.0

15. Create a base class "Vehicle" with properties (make, model, year) and a subclass "Truck" with
additional properties (capacity, mileage).

class Vehicle {

String make;

String model;

int year;

public Vehicle(String make, String model, int year) {

this.make = make;

this.model = model;

this.year = year;

class Truck extends Vehicle {

double capacity;

double mileage;

public Truck(String make, String model, int year, double capacity, double mileage) {

super(make, model, year);

this.capacity = capacity;

this.mileage = mileage;

public void displayDetails() {

Inheritance

System.out.println("Truck Details: Make - " + make + ", Model - " + model + ", Year - " + year + ",
Capacity - " + capacity + ", Mileage - " + mileage);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Truck truck = new Truck("Ford", "F150", 2022, 1.5, 12);

truck.displayDetails();

Output: Truck Details: Make - Ford, Model - F150, Year - 2022, Capacity - 1.5, Mileage - 12.0

16. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Truck truck = new Truck("Chevrolet", "Silverado", 2023, 2.0, 10);

truck.displayDetails();

Output: Truck Details: Make - Chevrolet, Model - Silverado, Year - 2023, Capacity - 2.0, Mileage - 10.0

17. Create a base class "Fruit" with properties (name, color) and subclasses "Apple" and "Banana" with
additional properties (taste, size)..

class Fruit {

String name;

String color;

public Fruit(String name, String color) {

this.name = name;

this.color = color;
Inheritance

class Apple extends Fruit {

String taste;

double size;

public Apple(String name, String color, String taste, double size) {

super(name, color);

this.taste = taste;

this.size = size;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Apple Details: Name - " + name + ", Color - " + color + ", Taste - " + taste + ", Size
- " + size);

class Banana extends Fruit {

String taste;

double size;

public Banana(String name, String color, String taste, double size) {

super(name, color);

this.taste = taste;

this.size = size;

}
Inheritance

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Banana Details: Name - " + name + ", Color - " + color + ", Taste - " + taste + ",
Size - " + size);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Apple apple = new Apple("Apple", "Red", "Sweet", 4.5);

apple.displayDetails();

Banana banana = new Banana("Banana", "Yellow", "Sweet", 6.0);

banana.displayDetails();

Output: Apple Details: Name - Apple, Color - Red, Taste - Sweet, Size - 4.5

Banana Details: Name - Banana, Color - Yellow, Taste - Sweet, Size - 6.0

18. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of derived classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Apple apple = new Apple("Apple", "Green", "Sour", 5.0);

apple.displayDetails();

Banana banana = new Banana("Banana", "Yellow", "Sweet", 7.0);

banana.displayDetails();

Output: Apple Details: Name - Apple, Color - Green, Taste - Sour, Size - 5.0
Inheritance

Banana Details: Name - Banana, Color - Yellow, Taste - Sweet, Size - 7.0

19. Create a base class "Animal" with properties (name, type) and subclasses "Dog" and "Cat" with
additional properties (breed, color).

class Animal {

String name;

String type;

public Animal(String name, String type) {

this.name = name;

this.type = type;

class Dog extends Animal {

String breed;

String color;

public Dog(String name, String type, String breed, String color) {

super(name, type);

this.breed = breed;

this.color = color;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Dog Details: Name - " + name + ", Type - " + type + ", Breed - " + breed + ", Color
- " + color);

}
Inheritance

class Cat extends Animal {

String breed;

String color;

public Cat(String name, String type, String breed, String color) {

super(name, type);

this.breed = breed;

this.color = color;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Cat Details: Name - " + name + ", Type - " + type + ", Breed - " + breed + ", Color
- " + color);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog("Buddy", "Mammal", "Golden Retriever", "Golden");

dog.displayDetails();

Cat cat = new Cat("Whiskers", "Mammal", "Persian", "White");

cat.displayDetails();

Output: Dog Details: Name - Buddy, Type - Mammal, Breed - Golden Retriever, Color - Golden

Cat Details: Name - Whiskers, Type - Mammal, Breed - Persian, Color – White

20. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.
Inheritance

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Dog dog = new Dog("Rex", "Mammal", "Bulldog", "Brown");

dog.displayDetails();

Cat cat = new Cat("Luna", "Mammal", "Siamese", "Grey");

cat.displayDetails();

Output: Dog Details: Name - Rex, Type - Mammal, Breed - Bulldog, Color - Brown

Cat Details: Name - Luna, Type - Mammal, Breed - Siamese, Color – Grey

21. Create a base class "Person" with properties (name, age) and a subclass "Employee" with additional
properties (id, salary).

class Person {

String name;

int age;

public Person(String name, int age) {

this.name = name;

this.age = age;

class Employee extends Person {

int id;

double salary;

public Employee(String name, int age, int id, double salary) {

super(name, age);
Inheritance

this.id = id;

this.salary = salary;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Employee Details: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age + ", ID - " + id + ", Salary - "
+ salary);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Employee employee = new Employee("Alice", 30, 101, 50000);

employee.displayDetails();

Output: Employee Details: Name - Alice, Age - 30, ID - 101, Salary - 50000.0

22. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Person person = new Person("John", 25);

System.out.println("Person Details: Name - " + person.name + ", Age - " + person.age);

Employee employee = new Employee("Jane", 28, 102, 60000);

employee.displayDetails();

Output: Person Details: Name - John, Age - 25

Inheritance

Employee Details: Name - Jane, Age - 28, ID - 102, Salary - 60000.0

23. Create a base class "Shape" with properties (type, color) and a subclass "Rectangle" with additional
properties (length, width).

class Shape {

String type;

String color;

public Shape(String type, String color) {

this.type = type;

this.color = color;

class Rectangle extends Shape {

double length;

double width;

public Rectangle(String type, String color, double length, double width) {

super(type, color);

this.length = length;

this.width = width;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Rectangle Details: Type - " + type + ", Color - " + color + ", Length - " + length + ",
Width - " + width);

}
Inheritance

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("Quadrilateral", "Blue", 4, 6);

rectangle.displayDetails();

Output: Rectangle Details: Type - Quadrilateral, Color - Blue, Length - 4.0, Width - 6.0

24. Write a program to demonstrate inheritance by creating objects of both classes and accessing
properties.

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Shape shape = new Shape("Polygon", "Green");

Rectangle rectangle = new Rectangle("Rectangle", "Red", 5, 8);

rectangle.displayDetails();

Output: Rectangle Details: Type - Rectangle, Color - Red, Length - 5.0, Width - 8.0

25. Create a base class "Vehicle" with properties (make, model, year) and a subclass "Car" with
additional properties (color, mileage).

class Vehicle {

String make;

String model;

int year;

public Vehicle(String make, String model, int year) {

this.make = make;

this.model = model;

this.year = year;

}
Inheritance

class Car extends Vehicle {

String color;

double mileage;

public Car(String make, String model, int year, String color, double mileage) {

super(make, model, year);

this.color = color;

this.mileage = mileage;

public void displayDetails() {

System.out.println("Car Details: Make - " + make + ", Model - " + model + ", Year - " + year + ", Color -
" + color + ", Mileage - " + mileage);

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Car car = new Car("Toyota", "Camry", 2021, "Black", 30.5);

car.displayDetails();

Output: Car Details: Make - Toyota, Model - Camry, Year - 2021, Color - Black, Mileage - 30.5
Exception Handling

1. Write a program to handle ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException

public class ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[10] = 50; // Index out of bounds
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}
Output: Exception caught: java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 10 out of
bounds for length 5
2. Implement a program to handle ArithmeticException (division by zero).
public class ArithmeticExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int result = 10 / 0; // Division by zero
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero

3. Write a program to handle NullPointerException.

public class NullPointerExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
String str = null;
str.length(); // Null pointer access
} catch (NullPointerException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.NullPointerException

4. Implement a program to handle FileNotFoundException.

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class FileNotFoundExceptionExample {

Exception Handling

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {
File file = new File("nonexistentfile.txt");
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file); // File not found
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.io.FileNotFoundException: nonexistentfile.txt (No such file or

directory)

5. Write a program to handle NumberFormatException.

public class NumberFormatExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int num = Integer.parseInt("abc"); // Invalid number format
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "abc"

6. Implement a program to handle IOException.

import java.io.IOException;

public class IOExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
throw new IOException("I/O exception occurred");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.io.IOException: I/O exception occurred

7. Write a program to handle ClassNotFoundException.

public class ClassNotFoundExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Class.forName("NonExistentClass"); // Class not found
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
Exception Handling

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: NonExistentClass

8. Implement a program to handle StackOverflowError.

public class StackOverflowErrorExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
recursiveMethod();
} catch (StackOverflowError e) {
System.out.println("Error caught: " + e);
}
}

public static void recursiveMethod() {

recursiveMethod(); // Stack overflow
}
}

Output: Error caught: java.lang.StackOverflowError

9. Write a program to handle NegativeArraySizeException.

public class NegativeArraySizeExceptionExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
int[] arr = new int[-5]; // Negative array size
} catch (NegativeArraySizeException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);
}
}
}

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.NegativeArraySizeException

10. Implement a program to handle InterruptedException. public class InterruptedExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {

try {

Thread.sleep(1000); // Thread sleep

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Exception Handling

});

thread.start();

thread.interrupt(); // Interrupt the thread

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.InterruptedException: sleep interrupted

11.Write a program to handle ArrayStoreException.

public class ArrayStoreExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

Object[] arr = new Integer[5];

arr[0] = "String"; // Invalid type assignment

} catch (ArrayStoreException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.ArrayStoreException: java.lang.String

12. Implement a program to handle IllegalStateException.

public class IllegalStateExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

throw new IllegalStateException("Illegal state encountered");

} catch (IllegalStateException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Illegal state encountered

13. Write a program to handle NoSuch Element Exception.

import java.util.*;

public class NoSuchElementExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

scanner.nextLine(); // No input given

scanner.close();

} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.util.NoSuchElementException

14. Implement a program to handle Unsupported OperationException.

import java.util.*;

public class UnsupportedOperationExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

List<String> list = Collections.emptyList();

list.add("Item"); // Unsupported operation

} catch (UnsupportedOperationException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException

15. Write a program to handle Unsupported OperationException.

(same as above)

16. Implement a program to handle ConcurrentModificationException.

import java.util.*;

public class ConcurrentModificationExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

list.add("A");

list.add("B");

Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();

list.add("C"); // Modify list during iteration

iterator.next();

} catch (ConcurrentModificationException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

17. Write a program to handle IllegalArgumentException.

public class IllegalArgumentExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal argument");

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Illegal argument

18. Implement a program to handle SecurityException.

public class SecurityExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

System.setSecurityManager(new SecurityManager());

System.exit(0); // Security exception thrown

} catch (SecurityException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.security.SecurityException: exit called from the security manager

19. Write a program to handle DateTimeParseException.

import java.time.LocalDate;

import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;

public class DateTimeParseExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

LocalDate.parse("2025-01-32"); // Invalid date

} catch (DateTimeParseException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.time.format.DateTimeParseException: Text '2025-01-32' could not be

parsed at index 10

20. Implement a program to handle PatternSyntaxException.

import java.util.regex.*;

public class PatternSyntaxExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

Pattern.compile("["); // Invalid regular expression

} catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException: Unclosed character class near index

21. Write a program to handle Missing ResourceException.

import java.util.*;

public class MissingResourceExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundle.getBundle("nonexistent");

} catch (MissingResourceException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.util.MissingResourceException: Can't find bundle for base name
nonexistent, locale en_US

22. Implement a program to handle Formatter ClosedException.

import java.util.*;

public class FormatterClosedExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

Formatter formatter = new Formatter();

formatter.close();

formatter.format("%s", "This will fail"); // Formatter closed

} catch (FormatterClosedException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.util.Formatter$FormatterClosedException

23. Write a program to handle Buffer OverflowException.

import java.nio.*;

public class BufferOverflowExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);

buffer.put(new byte[10]); // Buffer overflow

} catch (BufferOverflowException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.nio.BufferOverflowException

24. Implement a program to handle Buffer UnderflowException.

import java.nio.*;

public class BufferUnderflowExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(5);

buffer.get(new byte[10]); // Buffer underflow

} catch (BufferUnderflowException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

Output: Exception caught: java.nio.BufferUnderflowException

25. Write a program to handle DateTimeException.

import java.time.*;

public class DateTimeExceptionExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

try {

LocalTime time = LocalTime.of(25, 0); // Invalid hour

} catch (DateTimeException e) {

System.out.println("Exception caught: " + e);

}
Exception Handling

Output: Exception caught: java.time.DateTimeException: Invalid value for HourOfDay (valid values 0 -
23): 25
Collection:

1. Demonstrate ArrayList by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class ArrayListDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

// Adding elements
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("ArrayList:");
for (String fruit : list) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Removing elements
list.remove("Banana");

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : list) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: ArrayList:
Apple
Banana
Cherry

After removal:
Apple
Cherry
//2. Demonstrate LinkedList by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class LinkedListDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList<String> list = new LinkedList<>();

// Adding elements
Collection:

list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("LinkedList:");
for (String fruit : list) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Removing elements
list.remove("Banana");

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : list) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: LinkedList:
Apple
Banana
Cherry

After removal:
Apple
Cherry
//3. Demonstrate HashSet by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.HashSet;

public class HashSetDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>();

// Adding elements
set.add("Apple");
set.add("Banana");
set.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("HashSet:");
for (String fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
Collection:

// Removing elements
set.remove("Banana");

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: HashSet:
Apple
Banana
Cherry

After removal:
Apple
Cherry
//4. Demonstrate TreeSet by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.TreeSet;

public class TreeSetDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
TreeSet<String> set = new TreeSet<>();

// Adding elements
set.add("Apple");
set.add("Banana");
set.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("TreeSet:");
for (String fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Removing elements
set.remove("Banana");

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : set) {
Collection:

System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: TreeSet:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
After removal:
Apple
Cherry
//5. Demonstrate HashMap by adding and retrieving key-value pairs:
import java.util.HashMap;

public class HashMapDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
HashMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();

// Adding key-value pairs

map.put(1, "Apple");
map.put(2, "Banana");
map.put(3, "Cherry");

// Retrieving values
System.out.println("HashMap:");
System.out.println("Key 1: " + map.get(1));
System.out.println("Key 2: " + map.get(2));
System.out.println("Key 3: " + map.get(3));
}
}
Output: HashMap:
Key 1: Apple
Key 2: Banana
Key 3: Cherry
//6. Demonstrate TreeMap by adding and retrieving key-value pairs:
import java.util.TreeMap;

public class TreeMapDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
TreeMap<Integer, String> map = new TreeMap<>();

// Adding key-value pairs

map.put(1, "Apple");
map.put(2, "Banana");
Collection:

map.put(3, "Cherry");

// Retrieving values
System.out.println("TreeMap:");
System.out.println("Key 1: " + map.get(1));
System.out.println("Key 2: " + map.get(2));
System.out.println("Key 3: " + map.get(3));
}
}
Output: TreeMap:
Key 1: Apple
Key 2: Banana
Key 3: Cherry
//7. Demonstrate LinkedHashMap by adding and retrieving key-value pairs:
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

public class LinkedHashMapDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedHashMap<Integer, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();

// Adding key-value pairs

map.put(1, "Apple");
map.put(2, "Banana");
map.put(3, "Cherry");

// Retrieving values
System.out.println("LinkedHashMap:");
System.out.println("Key 1: " + map.get(1));
System.out.println("Key 2: " + map.get(2));
System.out.println("Key 3: " + map.get(3));
}
}
Output: LinkedHashMap:
Key 1: Apple
Key 2: Banana
Key 3: Cherry
//8. Demonstrate Queue by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

public class QueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<>();
Collection:

// Adding elements
queue.add("Apple");
queue.add("Banana");
queue.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("Queue:");
for (String fruit : queue) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Removing elements
queue.poll();

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : queue) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: Queue:
Apple
Banana
Cherry

After removal:
Banana
Cherry
//9. Demonstrate PriorityQueue by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.PriorityQueue;

public class PriorityQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
PriorityQueue<String> queue = new PriorityQueue<>();

// Adding elements
queue.add("Apple");
queue.add("Banana");
queue.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("PriorityQueue:");
while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
Collection:

System.out.println(queue.poll()); // Removing and printing elements in priority order

}
}
}
Output: PriorityQueue:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
//10. Demonstrate Stack by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.Stack;

public class StackDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Stack<String> stack = new Stack<>();

// Adding elements
stack.push("Apple");
stack.push("Banana");
stack.push("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("Stack:");
while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println(stack.pop()); // Removing and printing elements in LIFO order
}
}
}
Output: Stack:
Cherry
Banana
Apple
//11. Demonstrate ArrayDeque by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.ArrayDeque;

public class ArrayDequeDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayDeque<String> deque = new ArrayDeque<>();

// Adding elements
deque.add("Apple");
deque.add("Banana");
deque.add("Cherry");

// Iterating over elements

Collection:

System.out.println("ArrayDeque:");
for (String fruit : deque) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Removing elements
deque.removeFirst();

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (String fruit : deque) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: ArrayDeque:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
After removal:
Banana
Cherry
//12. Demonstrate EnumSet by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.EnumSet;

enum Fruit { APPLE, BANANA, CHERRY }

public class EnumSetDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
EnumSet<Fruit> set = EnumSet.of(Fruit.APPLE, Fruit.BANANA);

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("EnumSet:");
for (Fruit fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}

// Adding an element
set.add(Fruit.CHERRY);

// Iterating after adding

System.out.println("\nAfter adding CHERRY:");
for (Fruit fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
Collection:

// Removing an element
set.remove(Fruit.BANANA);

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removing BANANA:");
for (Fruit fruit : set) {
System.out.println(fruit);
}
}
}
Output: EnumSet:
APPLE
BANANA
After adding CHERRY:
APPLE
BANANA
CHERRY
After removing BANANA:
APPLE
CHERRY
//13. Demonstrate BitSet by adding, removing, and iterating over elements:
import java.util.BitSet;

public class BitSetDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
BitSet bitSet = new BitSet();

// Adding elements
bitSet.set(0);
bitSet.set(2);
bitSet.set(4);

// Iterating over elements

System.out.println("BitSet:");
for (int i = 0; i < bitSet.length(); i++) {
if (bitSet.get(i)) {
System.out.println("Bit " + i + " is set");
}
}

// Removing an element
bitSet.clear(2);
Collection:

// Iterating after removal

System.out.println("\nAfter removal:");
for (int i = 0; i < bitSet.length(); i++) {
if (bitSet.get(i)) {
System.out.println("Bit " + i + " is set");
}
}
}
}
Output: BitSet:
Bit 0 is set
Bit 2 is set
Bit 4 is set
After removal:
Bit 0 is set
Bit 4 is set
//14. Demonstrate Hashtable by adding and retrieving key-value pairs:
import java.util.Hashtable;

public class HashtableDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
Hashtable<Integer, String> table = new Hashtable<>();

// Adding key-value pairs

table.put(1, "Apple");
table.put(2, "Banana");
table.put(3, "Cherry");
//Retrieving

output: Hashtable:
Key 1: Apple
Key 2: Banana
Key 3: Cherry
//15. Multiple thread and use Executors framework
import java.util.Properties;

public class PropertiesDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a Properties object
Properties properties = new Properties();

// Adding key-value pairs to Properties

properties.setProperty("username", "john_doe");
Collection:

properties.setProperty("password", "12345");
properties.setProperty("email", "[email protected]");

// Retrieving values using keys

String username = properties.getProperty("username");
String password = properties.getProperty("password");
String email = properties.getProperty("email");

// Displaying the properties

System.out.println("Username: " + username);
System.out.println("Password: " + password);
System.out.println("Email: " + email);
}
}
Output: Username: john_doe
Password: 12345
Email: [email protected]
//16. Implement a program to demonstrate Vector by adding, removing, and iterating over
elements.
import java.util.Vector;

public class VectorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a Vector
Vector<String> vector = new Vector<>();

// Adding elements to the Vector

vector.add("Apple");
vector.add("Banana");
vector.add("Cherry");

// Displaying elements
System.out.println("Original Vector: " + vector);

// Removing an element from the Vector

vector.remove("Banana");

// Displaying Vector after removal

System.out.println("After removing Banana: " + vector);

// Iterating over elements using for-each loop

System.out.println("Iterating over Vector:");
for (String item : vector) {
System.out.println(item);
Collection:

}
}
}
Output: Original Vector: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
After removing Banana: [Apple, Cherry]
Iterating over Vector:
Apple
Cherry
//17. Write a program to demonstrate Enumeration by iterating over elements of a collection.
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.Enumeration;

public class EnumerationDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a Vector
Vector<String> vector = new Vector<>();
vector.add("Apple");
vector.add("Banana");
vector.add("Cherry");

// Creating an Enumeration for the Vector

Enumeration<String> enumeration = vector.elements();

// Iterating over elements using Enumeration

System.out.println("Iterating over Vector using Enumeration:");
while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
System.out.println(enumeration.nextElement());
}
}
}
Output: Iterating over Vector using Enumeration:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
//18. Implement a program to demonstrate Listiterator by iterating over elements of a list.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.ListIterator;

public class ListIteratorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an ArrayList
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
Collection:

list.add("Cherry");

// Creating a ListIterator
ListIterator<String> listIterator = list.listIterator();

// Iterating forward using ListIterator

System.out.println("Iterating forward:");
while (listIterator.hasNext()) {
System.out.println(listIterator.next());
}

// Iterating backward using ListIterator

System.out.println("Iterating backward:");
while (listIterator.hasPrevious()) {
System.out.println(listIterator.previous());
}
}
}
Output: Iterating forward:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
Iterating backward:
Cherry
Banana
Apple
//19. Write a program to demonstrate Iterator by iterating over elements of a collection
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class IteratorDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an ArrayList
ArrayList<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Apple");
list.add("Banana");
list.add("Cherry");

// Creating an Iterator for the ArrayList

Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();

// Iterating over elements using Iterator

System.out.println("Iterating over ArrayList using Iterator:");
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Collection:

System.out.println(iterator.next());
}
}
}
Output: Iterating over ArrayList using Iterator:
Apple
Banana
Cherry
//20. Implement a program to demonstrate ArrayBlockingQueue by adding, removing, and Q
iterating over elements.
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;

public class ArrayBlockingQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating an ArrayBlockingQueue with capacity 3
ArrayBlockingQueue<String> queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(3);

// Adding elements to the queue

try {
queue.put("Apple");
queue.put("Banana");
queue.put("Cherry");

System.out.println("Queue after adding elements: " + queue);

// Removing elements from the queue

String removedElement = queue.take();
System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedElement);

System.out.println("Queue after removal: " + queue);

// Iterating over elements in the queue

System.out.println("Iterating over Queue:");
for (String item : queue) {
System.out.println(item);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Interrupted: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Output: Queue after adding elements: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
Removed Element: Apple
Queue after removal: [Banana, Cherry]
Collection:

Iterating over Queue:

Banana
Cherry
//21. Write a program to demonstrate LinkedBlockingQueue by adding, removing, and iterating
over elements.
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class LinkedBlockingQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a LinkedBlockingQueue
LinkedBlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();

try {
// Adding elements to the queue
queue.put("Apple");
queue.put("Banana");
queue.put("Cherry");

// Displaying the queue after adding elements

System.out.println("Queue after adding elements: " + queue);

// Removing an element from the queue

String removedElement = queue.take();
System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedElement);

// Displaying the queue after removal

System.out.println("Queue after removal: " + queue);

// Iterating over elements in the queue

System.out.println("Iterating over Queue:");
for (String item : queue) {
System.out.println(item);
}

} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Interrupted: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Output: Queue after adding elements: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
Removed Element: Apple
Queue after removal: [Banana, Cherry]
Iterating over Queue:
Banana
Collection:

Cherry
//22. Implement a program to demonstrate PriorityBlockingQueue by adding, removing,
anditerating over elements
import java.util.concurrent.PriorityBlockingQueue;

public class PriorityBlockingQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a PriorityBlockingQueue with natural ordering
PriorityBlockingQueue<String> queue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<>();

// Adding elements to the queue

queue.put("Apple");
queue.put("Banana");
queue.put("Cherry");

// Displaying the queue

System.out.println("Queue after adding elements: " + queue);

// Removing elements from the queue (elements will be removed in priority order)
try {
String removedElement = queue.take();
System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedElement);

// Displaying the queue after removal

System.out.println("Queue after removal: " + queue);

// Iterating over elements in the queue

System.out.println("Iterating over Queue:");
for (String item : queue) {
System.out.println(item);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Interrupted: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Output: Queue after adding elements: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
Removed Element: Apple
Queue after removal: [Banana, Cherry]
Iterating over Queue:
Banana
Cherry
//23. Write a program to demonstrate Synchronous Queue by adding and removing elements.
import java.util.concurrent.SynchronousQueue;
Collection:

public class SynchronousQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a SynchronousQueue
SynchronousQueue<String> queue = new SynchronousQueue<>();

// Thread to add an element to the queue

Thread producer = new Thread(() -> {
try {
System.out.println("Producer: Adding element...");
queue.put("Apple");
System.out.println("Producer: Element added");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Producer interrupted");
}
});

// Thread to remove an element from the queue

Thread consumer = new Thread(() -> {
try {
System.out.println("Consumer: Waiting to take element...");
String item = queue.take();
System.out.println("Consumer: Element taken: " + item);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Consumer interrupted");
}
});

// Start the threads

consumer.start();
producer.start();

// Wait for the threads to finish

try {
producer.join();
consumer.join();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println("Main thread interrupted");
}
}
}
Output: Consumer: Waiting to take element...
Producer: Adding element...
Producer: Element added
Collection:

Consumer: Element taken: Apple

//24. Implement a program to demonstrate DelayQueue by adding and retrieving elements.
import java.util.concurrent.DelayQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.Delayed;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

class DelayedElement implements Delayed {

private String name;
private long delayTime;
private long expiryTime;

public DelayedElement(String name, long delayTime) {

this.name = name;
this.delayTime = delayTime;
this.expiryTime = System.currentTimeMillis() + delayTime;
}

@Override
public long getDelay(TimeUnit unit) {
long diff = expiryTime - System.currentTimeMillis();
return unit.convert(diff, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}

@Override
public int compareTo(Delayed o) {
if (this.expiryTime < ((DelayedElement) o).expiryTime) {
return -1;
}
if (this.expiryTime > ((DelayedElement) o).expiryTime) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}

public String getName() {

return name;
}
}

public class DelayQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
// Creating a DelayQueue
DelayQueue<DelayedElement> queue = new DelayQueue<>();
Collection:

// Adding delayed elements to the queue

queue.put(new DelayedElement("Apple", 3000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Banana", 5000));
queue.put(new DelayedElement("Cherry", 1000));

// Retrieving elements from the queue

while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
DelayedElement element = queue.take(); // takes the element when delay expires
System.out.println("Retrieved element: " + element.getName());
}
}
}
Output: Retrieved element: Cherry
Retrieved element: Apple
Retrieved element: Banana
//25. Write a program to demonstrate ConcurrentLinkedQueue by adding, removing, and
iterating over elements.
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;

public class ConcurrentLinkedQueueDemo {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// Creating a ConcurrentLinkedQueue
ConcurrentLinkedQueue<String> queue = new ConcurrentLinkedQueue<>();

// Adding elements to the queue

queue.offer("Apple");
queue.offer("Banana");
queue.offer("Cherry");

// Displaying the queue after adding elements

System.out.println("Queue after adding elements: " + queue);

// Removing an element from the queue

String removedElement = queue.poll();
System.out.println("Removed Element: " + removedElement);

// Displaying the queue after removal

System.out.println("Queue after removal: " + queue);

// Iterating over elements in the queue

System.out.println("Iterating over Queue:");
for (String item : queue) {
System.out.println(item);
}
Collection:

}
}
Output: Queue after adding elements: [Apple, Banana, Cherry]
Removed Element: Apple
Queue after removal: [Banana, Cherry]
Iterating over Queue:
Banana
Cherry