The Honorable Joshua Green, M.D.

Governor, State of Hawaii

BOARD OF EDUCATION

Warren Haruki, Chairperson

Kaimana Bacarse, Vice Chairperson

William “Bill” Arakaki Makana McClellan

Shanty Asher Lauren Moriarty
Kahele Dukelow Ahryanna McGuirk (Student Representative)
Ken Kuraya Colonel Angenene L. Robertson (Military Liaison)

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

Keith T. Hayashi, Superintendent of Education

Heidi Armstrong, Deputy Superintendent
Curt Otaguro, Deputy Superintendent
Tammi Oyadomari-Chun, Ed.D., Deputy Superintendent

Sean Bacon, Assistant Superintendent

Office of Talent Management

Brian Hallett, Assistant Superintendent & Chief Financial Officer

Office of Fiscal Services

Audrey Hidano, Interim Assistant Superintendent

Office of Facilities and Operations

Elizabeth Higashi, Interim Assistant Superintendent

Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance

Annie Kalama, Assistant Superintendent

Office of Student Support Services

Michael Otsuji, Assistant Superintendent & Chief Information Officer

Office of Information Technology Services

Teri Ushijima, Ed.D., Assistant Superintendent

Office of Curriculum and Instructional Design

Rochelle Mahoe, Ph.D. Matthew Ho

Farrington-Kaiser-Kalani Complex Area Superintendent Castle-Kahuku Complex Area Interim Superintendent
Linell Dilwith Lanelle Hibbs
Kaimuki-McKinley-Roosevelt Complex Area Superintendent Kailua-Kalaheo Complex Area Superintendent
John Erickson Stacey Bello
Aiea-Moanalua-Radford Complex Area Superintendent Kau-Keaau-Pahoa Complex Area Superintendent
Robert Davis Esther Kanehailua
Leilehua-Mililani-Waialua Complex Area Superintendent Hilo-Waiakea Complex Area Superintendent
Sean Tajima Janette Snelling
Campbell-Kapolei Complex Area Superintendent Honokaa-Kealakehe-Kohala-Konawaena Complex Area Superintendent
Disa Hauge Desiree Sides
Nanakuli-Waianae Complex Area Superintendent Baldwin-Kekaulike-Kulanihakoi-Maui Complex Area Superintendent
Richard Fajardo Rebecca Winkie, Ph.D.
Pearl City-Waipahu Complex Area Superintendent Hana-Lahainaluna-Lanai-Molokai Complex Area Superintendent
Daniel Hamada
Kapaa-Kauai-Waimea Interim Complex Area Superintendent

ii
Contents
Data Insights ................................................................................................................................................... 1
Students & Schools ......................................................................................................................1

Progress & Outcomes ..................................................................................................................1

Resources & Support ...................................................................................................................1

At-A-Glance ................................................................................................................................................... 2
Table 1. Official Fall Enrollment for Grades K to 12, Public and Private Schools....................2

Figure 1. Percent of Public School Students With Special Needs, Unduplicated

Count .......................................................................................................................2

Table 2. Department of Education Teacher Credentials .........................................................2

Table 3. Funding By Source and Year (In Millions) ................................................................3

Table 4. Safety and Well-Being ..............................................................................................3

Table 5. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard ........................3

Table 6. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent in Each Standard

Level ........................................................................................................................4

Figure 2. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in

Language Arts..........................................................................................................5

Figure 3. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in

Mathematics.............................................................................................................5

Figure 4. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in

Science ....................................................................................................................5

Table 7. Four-Year Graduation and Dropout Rates................................................................6

Table 8. High School Diplomas ..............................................................................................6

Table 9. Honors Recognition Certificates ...............................................................................6

Table 10. Advanced Placement (AP) Program .........................................................................6

Profiles and Trends ......................................................................................................................................... 7

Table 11. Number of Public Schools (and Percentage of Total Schools by Type) .................... 7

Table 12. Student Enrollment...................................................................................................7

Table 13. Progress and Completion .........................................................................................7

Table 14. Staff, Full-Time Equivalent Positions ........................................................................8

iii
 Table 15. State Demographics.................................................................................................8

School Finance ................................................................................................................................................ 9

Table 16. State School Budget ................................................................................................9

Table 17. Key Finance Indicators .............................................................................................9

Figure 5. Percentage of State & Local Expenditures per Capita Supporting

Public Schools .......................................................................................................10

Educational Assessments ............................................................................................................................ 10

Table 18. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) .......................................... 10

Figure 6. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Percent

Proficient & Advanced in Grade 4 Reading and Mathematics ................................ 11

Figure 7. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Percent

Proficient & Advanced in Grade 8 Reading and Mathematics ................................ 11

Table 19. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard ...................... 12

Table 20. Students by Complex in SY 2022-23 ......................................................................13

Table 21. Teachers by Complex in SY 2022-23 .....................................................................14

Table 22. SY 2022-23 Wellness Indicators by Complex .........................................................15

Table 23. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment

Program English Language Arts Assessments by Grade and Complex
for SY 2022-23 .......................................................................................................16

Table 24. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment

Program Mathematics Assessments by Grade and Complex for SY
2022-23..................................................................................................................17

Table 25. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment

Program Science Assessments by Grade and Complex for SY 2022-
23...........................................................................................................................18

Appendices ................................................................................................................................................. 19
Appendix A. Glossary.................................................................................................................19

Appendix B. References and Resources ....................................................................................23

Appendix C. Supplemental Data Tables .....................................................................................26

iv
 Data Insights
Students & Schools
New Complex in Maui
• The opening of Kulanihakoi High School in school year (SY) 2022-23 established a new complex within
the Baldwin-Kekaulike-Kulanihakoi-Maui Complex Area.

Enrollment
• Total K-12 student enrollment (public and private) across the state continued to decrease over the last
two (2) years from 205,010 students in SY 2020-21 to 199,184 students in SY 2022-23. (Reference: Table
1, page 1.)
• Although enrollment has decreased, the distribution between department (84.6%), charter (7.1%), and
private (15.3%) schools remained stable from SY 2021-22 to SY 2022-23. (Reference: Table 1, page 1.)
• There was no change to the percentage of students needing additional support from SY 2021-22 to SY
2022-23, with more than half (54%) of our students identified as economically disadvantaged, special
education, multiple special needs, Section 504, and/or English Learners. (Reference: Figure 1, page 2.)

Accomplishments
• Graduation rates remained relatively stable, with a slight decrease from 85.9% in SY 2020-21 to 85.4%
in SY 2021-22, followed by a small increase to 85.7% in SY 2022-23. (Reference: Table 7, page 6.)
• Dropout rates fluctuated slightly, starting at 10.9% in SY 2020-21, increasing from 11.6% in SY 2021-22,
and then decreasing to 11.1% in SY 2022-23. (Reference: Table 7, page 6.)
• Honors Recognition Certificates earned have increased from SY 2021-22 in all certificate categories:
Academic Honors (24.9%), CTE Honors (21.2%), and STEM Honors (4.4%). (Reference: Table 9, page 6.)
• Advanced Placement (AP) programs have seen an increase in the number of students for all areas
measured. (Reference: Table 10, page 6.)
Progress & Outcomes
Academic Assessments – Hawaii State Assessment Program (HSAP)
• The overall percentage of students proficient for all schools remained the same for Language and
Science, 52% and 40% respectively. The percentage of students proficient in Mathematics increased by
2 percentage points from 38% to 40%. (Reference: Tables 5, page 3.)

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

• In 2022, Hawaii's 4th grade students surpassed the national average in both reading (35% vs 32%) and
mathematics (37% vs 35%). Although 8th grade students surpassed the national average in reading
(31% vs 29%), they performed below the national average in mathematics (22% vs 26%). (References:
Table 18, Figures 6 & 7, pages 10 and 11 respectively.)

Teacher Credentials and Experience

● 95% of our teachers are fully licensed to teach and the average years of experience for teachers is 12.8
years. (Reference: Tables 2 and 21, pages 2 and 14 respectively.)

Safety and Well-Being

● In SY 2022-23 the positive response rates for student safety were 73% (elementary), 60% (middle), and
58% (high school). This resulted in a three and two percentage point increase for our elementary and
middle schools, respectively, while the high schools’ positive response rate decreased by a percentage
point. (Reference: Table 4, page 3.)
● Through the annual School Quality Survey, 74% of teachers have reported a positive response to their
well-being. In addition, 73% of teachers responded positively regarding their safety. (Reference: Table 4,
page 3.)

Resources & Support

Per Pupil Expenditures
• Hawaii’s per pupil expenditure for SY 2022-23 is $16,564, increasing from the previous year per pupil-
expenditure of $16,132 – a difference of $432. Hawaii was 50th (last) when ranked by percent state &
local expenditure for public education (per capita). (Reference Table 17, page 9.)
1
 At-A-Glance
Note: Unless otherwise noted, data are about “public schools” and represents both Department and Charter schools; percentages with one
decimal place have been truncated at the first decimal place.

Table 1. Official Fall Enrollment for Grades K to 12, Public and Private Schools

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Public Schools 174,704 171,600 168,634
% of total enrollment 85.2% 84.6% 84.6%
Department Schools 162,491 159,503 156,518
% of public schools enrollment 93.0% 92.9% 92.8%
Charter Schools 12,213 12,097 12,116
% of public schools enrollment 6.9% 7.0% 7.1%
Private Schools 30,306 31,018 30,550
% of total enrollment 14.7% 15.3% 15.3%
Total 205,010 202,618 199,184
Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not total to 100%.
Sources: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability
Branch; Hawaii Association of Independent Schools.

Figure 1. Percent of Public School Students With Special Needs, Unduplicated Count

Only Special Education,

4%

Only English Learner,

Only 4%
Economically
Disadvantaged, Only Section 504,
31% 2%

Multiple Special Needs,

13%

No Special Needs,
46%

Note: Graph represents student count as of 12/16/2022.

Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and
Accountability Branch.

Table 2. Department of Education Teacher Credentials

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Fully Licensed 96% 96% 95%
Advanced Degree 38% 39% 39%
5+ Years at the Same School 59% 60% 54%
Note: These figures do not include teachers at Charter schools.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Talent Management.

2
Table 3. Funding By Source and Year (In Millions)

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Appropriated Funds $4,086 $4,241 $5,014
State
General $2,914 $2,956 $3,863
Special $87 $87 $88
Trust $16 $16 $16
Federal $1,069 $1,182 $1,047
Note: Appropriated Funds include Executive Budget Bill appropriations and Federal fund
ceiling increases for the DOE and Public Charter Schools plus expenditures made by
Department of Budget & Finance (B&F) for both DOE and Public Charter schools related
debt service and the employer’s share of the cost of employees’ retirement system and
health insurance costs.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Fiscal Services.

Table 4. Safety and Well-Being

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Students Not Suspended 100% 96% 96%
Safety % Positive Responses
Students
Elementary 71% 70% 73%
Middle 65% 58% 60%
High 66% 59% 58%
Teachers 75% 73% 73%
Well-Being % Positive Responses
Teachers 74% 74% 74%
Note: Students Not Suspended does not include Charter schools.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment
and Accountability Branch.

Table 5. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Language Arts 50% 52% 52%
Mathematics 32% 38% 40%
Science 35% 40% 40%
Note: Results are based on students enrolled for the school year.
Language Arts and Mathematics assessments include the Smarter Balanced Assessment
(SBA), HSA-Alternate (HSA-Alt) and Kaiapuni Assessment of Educational Outcomes
(KAEO).
The Science assessment includes the HSA Science, Biology I End-of-Course Exam,
HSA-Alt and KAEO. Beginning SY 2020-21, the Next Generation Science Standards
(NGSS) replaced the Hawaii Content and Performance Standards III (HCPS III). This
resulted in the elementary tested grade moving from 4 to 5. No changes were made to
other tested grades (8 and high school [HS]).
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance;
Assessment and Accountability Branch.

3
Table 6. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent in Each Standard Level

Language Arts
2021-22 2022-23
Grade
Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded
3 29% 22% 22% 27% 30% 22% 21% 27%
4 30% 18% 23% 28% 30% 19% 23% 28%
5 27% 18% 28% 27% 28% 18% 27% 27%
6 27% 24% 30% 20% 26% 23% 29% 21%
7 26% 23% 34% 18% 27% 23% 32% 18%
8 25% 25% 33% 17% 26% 24% 32% 18%
11 17% 23% 33% 27% 19% 23% 32% 26%
Mathematics
2021-22 2022-23
Grade
Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded
3 27% 22% 26% 25% 27% 22% 26% 26%
4 26% 29% 25% 20% 22% 28% 26% 23%
5 32% 26% 18% 24% 32% 24% 19% 24%
6 37% 28% 17% 18% 35% 27% 18% 20%
7 39% 28% 18% 15% 39% 27% 19% 15%
8 43% 26% 16% 15% 45% 24% 15% 16%
11 46% 28% 17% 8% 49% 26% 17% 8%
Science
2021-22 2022-23
Grade
Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded Not Met Nearly Met Met Exceeded
5 22% 34% 29% 15% 23% 31% 31% 15%
8 34% 27% 29% 10% 32% 28% 30% 10%
High
33% 32% 25% 10% 36% 31% 23% 10%
School
Note: Results are based on students enrolled for the school year.
Language Arts and Mathematics assessments include the SBA, HSA-Alt and KAEO.
The Science assessment includes the HSA Science, Biology I End-of-Course Exam, HSA-Alt and KAEO. Beginning SY 2020-
21, the NGSS replaced the HCPS III. This resulted in the elementary tested grade moving from 4 to 5. No changes were made
to other tested grades (8 and HS). The achievement rates for high school students are based on students who were
administered either the Biology I End-of-Course Exam or the HSA-Alt for grade 11.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

4
Figure 2. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in Language Arts

Language Arts
69%
48% 51% 50% 54% 54% 50% 52% 52%

--

Note: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent ED waiver from testing, there are no results for SY 2019-20.
Results are based on students enrolled for the school year.
The Language Arts assessment includes the SBA, HSA-Alt and KAEO. Beginning 2014-15, the SBA was administered
replacing the HSA summative assessment. This resulted in the HS tested grade moving from 10 to 11. No changes were
made to other tested grades (grades 3 - 8).
*Result based on the SBA bridge test.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Figure 3. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in Mathematics

Mathematics
59%
41% 42% 42% 42% 43% 38% 40%
32%
--

Note: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent ED waiver from testing, there are no results for SY 2019-20.
Results are based on students enrolled for the school year.
The Mathematics assessment includes the SBA, HSA-Alt and KAEO. Beginning 2014-15, the SBA was administered
replacing the HSA summative assessment. This resulted in the HS tested grade moving from 10 to 11. No changes were
made to other tested grades (grades 3 - 8).
*Result based on the SBA bridge test.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Figure 4. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard in Science

Science
40% 42% 43% 46% 46% 44% 40% 40%
35%
--

Note: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent ED waiver from testing, there are no results for SY 2019-20.
Results are based on students enrolled for the school year.
The Science assessment includes the HSA Science, Biology I End-of-Course Exam, HSA-Alt and KAEO. Beginning SY
2020-21, the NGSS replaced the HCPS III. This resulted in the elementary tested grade moving from 4 to 5. No changes
were made to other tested grades (8 and HS).
*Result based on the NGSS bridge test.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

5
Table 7. Four-Year Graduation and Dropout Rates

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Graduation 85.9% 85.4% 85.7%
Dropouts 10.9% 11.6% 11.1%
Others* 3.0% 2.8% 3.0%
Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not total to 100%.
*Others include high school completers who received a special education
certificate of completion in lieu of a diploma and students who are still attending
school and did not graduate within the four-year time frame.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance;
Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Table 8. High School Diplomas

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Regular Diploma 93.7% 94.4% 94.8%
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance;
Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Table 9. Honors Recognition Certificates

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Academic Honors Recognition Certificate 25.6% 24.4% 24.9%
CTE Honors Recognition Certificate 17.3% 19.2% 21.2%
STEM Honors Recognition Certificate 4.3% 4.1% 4.4%
Note: Each percent is the percentage based on the number of students in the respective class.
Results include Department schools only - charter schools are not included.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Table 10. Advanced Placement (AP) Program

2020-21* 2021-22 2022-23

Number of students enrolled in at least one AP course 6,104 5,789 6,178
Number of students who took at least one AP exam 5,979 5,594 6,020
Number of exams taken 9,231 8,461 9,112
Number of AP exam results with a score of 3 or higher 3,949 4,579 4,861
Percent of exams passed 43% 54% 53%
Notes: *Results may not be comparable due to lingering impacts of COVID-19 on AP testing availability.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Curriculum and Instructional Design.

6
 Profiles and Trends
Table 11. Number of Public Schools (and Percentage of Total Schools by Type)
Type of School 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Total 294 100% 294 100% 295 100%
Department Schools
Elementary 168 57% 168 57% 168 57%
Middle/Intermediate 39 13% 39 13% 39 13%
High 33 11% 33 11% 34 12%
Multi-Level 16 5% 16 5% 16 5%
Special (HSDB*) 1 <1% 1 <1% 1 <1%
Charter Schools 37 13% 37 13% 37 13%
Complex Areas 15 n/a 15 n/a 15 n/a
Note: *Hawaii School for the Deaf & Blind.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Table 12. Student Enrollment

Enrollment 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Official Enrollment Count 174,704 100% 171,600 100% 168,634 100%
K-6 94,292 54% 94,493 55% 92,556 55%
7-8 27,883 16% 24,348 14% 23,662 14%
9-12 52,529 30% 52,759 31% 52,416 31%
Special Education (SPED) 18,031 10% 17,979 10% 18,036 11%
English Learner (EL) 16,267 9% 16,608 10% 16,920 10%
Economically Disadvantaged* 87,879 50% 85,155 50% 80,681 48%
Note: Due to rounding, enrollment percentages may not total to 100%.
*Students whose family income qualifies them for assistance through the National School Lunch Program are included
in the “economically disadvantaged” count. Also included are estimated counts of students based on the Community
Eligibility Provision (CEP) requirements established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

Table 13. Progress and Completion

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
Daily Average Attendance Rates
Elementary 93.6% 88.9% 91.3%
Middle/Intermediate 93.5% 90.0% 91.5%
High 91.5% 89.3% 90.2%
Multi-Level 89.7% 84.9% 87.7%
Charter 94.8% 91.3% 91.0%
Retention Rates
Elementary <0.5% <0.5% <0.5%
Middle/Intermediate 0.8% 0.5% <0.5%
Four-Year Graduation and Dropout Rates
Graduation 85.9% 85.4% 85.7%
Dropouts 10.9% 11.6% 11.1%
Others* 3.0% 2.8% 3.0%
Note: Due to rounding, Four-Year Graduation and Dropout percentages may not total to 100%.
*Others include high school completers who received a special education certificate of completion in lieu of a
diploma and students who are still attending school and did not graduate within the four-year time frame.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

7
Table 14. Staff, Full-Time Equivalent Positions

Positions 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

Teachers
Classroom Teachers 11,837.9 11,730.7 11,692.6
Librarians 114.0 87.5 88.5
Counselors 659.0 646.3 665.4
Administrators
School 735.0 705.5 710.7
State & Complex Area 360.0 358.0 368.0
Other Support Staff 9,245.7 9,107.7 9,077.9
Total 22,951.6 22,635.7 22,603.1
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and
Accountability Branch.

Table 15. State Demographics

Census Data 2020 Est. 2021 Est. 2022 Est.

Populations 1,420,074 1,453,498 1,450,589
Youth Age Under 5 Years 88,179 87,767 84,552
Youth Age 5-9 84,349 86,980 84,983
Youth Age 10-14 83,438 88,005 87,743
Youth Age 15-19 76,036 79,517 78,904
Median Age, in Years 39.4 39.6 39.9
Households
Total 467,932 478,413 483,906
Families 324,482 330,912 332,605
Avg. Family Size 3.50 3.51 3.47
Income*
Median Family Income $97,813 $103,593 $111,678
Per Capita Income $37,013 $39,045 $42,683
Poverty, Families In 6.3% 6.5% 6.5%
Educational Attainment
Percent High School or Higher 92.5% 92.7% 92.7%
Percent 4-yr Degree or Higher 33.6% 34.3% 34.7%
Note: Percentage figures are rounded at the first decimal place.
*Income figures are reported in inflation adjusted dollars, using 5-year estimates.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey.

8
School Finance

Table 16. State School Budget

2020-21 2021-22 2022-23

APPROPRIATED FUNDS (millions)
State
General $2,914 $2,956 $3,863
Special $87 $87 $88
Trust $16 $16 $16
Federal $1,069 $1,182 $1,047
TOTAL $4,086 $4,241 $5,014
EXPENDITURES AND ENCUMBRANCES (millions)
State
General $2,819 $2,893 $3,510
Special $20 $22 $34
Trust $4 $4 $5
Federal $375 $491 $436
TOTAL $3,218 $3,410 $3,985
Note: Appropriated Funds include Executive Budget Bill appropriations and Federal fund ceiling
increases for the DOE and Public Charter Schools plus expenditures made by
Department of Budget & Finance (B&F) for both DOE and Public Charter schools related
debt service and the employer's share of the cost of employees' retirement system and
health insurance costs.
Expenditures and encumbrances for the DOE and Public Charter Schools.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Fiscal Services.

Table 17. Key Finance Indicators

2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Per pupil expenditure $15,242 $16,132 $16,564
Percent state & local expenditures for public
15.1% 15.1% 13.9%
education (per capita)
Rank* 50th 50th 50th
Note: Data reported was the most current available at the time of publication.
*Rank is determined by comparing the “Percent state and local expenditures for public education
(per capita)” of Hawaii to that of the other 49 states.
Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; National Center for Education Statistics.

9
 Figure 5. Percentage of State & Local Expenditures per Capita Supporting Public Schools

30.0%

25.0%
Hawaii
Delaware
20.0%
Nebraska
Rhode Island
15.0% Wyoming
U. S. Average
10.0%

Note: Comparisons are made with states most similar to Hawaii on measures directly related to school
finance. Measures include K-12 enrollment, population, per capita income, per capita state and local
revenue, and per capita state and local expenditures. Data reported was the most current data
available at the time of publication.
Source: Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Education Statistics, ED.

Educational Assessments

Table 18. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

2017 2019 2022

NAEP (Percent Proficient & Advanced)
Assessment Hawaii Nation Hawaii Nation Hawaii Nation
Reading
Grade 4 32% 36% 34% 34% 35% 32%
Grade 8 30% 36% 29% 32% 31% 29%
Mathematics
Grade 4 38% 40% 40% 40% 37% 35%
Grade 8 27% 34% 28% 33% 22% 26%
Science
Grade 4 -- -- -- -- -- --
Grade 8 -- -- -- -- -- --
Note: Data reported was the most current data available at the time of publication.
The NAEP assessment is administered every two years. Testing was not provided in 2021, but resumed in 2022.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

10
Figure 6. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Percent Proficient &
Advanced in Grade 4 Reading and Mathematics

46%

40% 40%
38% 38%
37%

35%
34% Reading
32%
30% Math
29%
27%

2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022

Note: Data reported was the most current data available at the time of publication. The NAEP assessment
is administered every two years. Testing was not provided in 2021, but resumed in 2022.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and
Accountability Branch.

Figure 7. National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), Percent Proficient &

Advanced in Grade 8 Reading and Mathematics

32%
31%
30% 30% 30% 29%
Reading
Math
28% 27% 28%
26% 26%

22%

2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2022

Note: Data reported was the most current data available at the time of publication. The NAEP assessment
is administered every two years. Testing was not provided in 2021, but resumed in 2022.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and
Accountability Branch.

11
Table 19. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program, Percent Meeting Standard

2018-19 2020-21
Department Charter Department Charter
Grade All Schools All Schools
Schools Only Schools Only Schools Only Schools Only
English Language Arts
3 52.3% 52.6% 48.5% 42.9% 42.9% 43.3%
4 51.5% 52.0% 44.0% 46.2% 46.5% 41.8%
5 56.7% 57.2% 49.5% 50.6% 50.7% 48.6%
6 52.4% 52.3% 54.0% 46.5% 46.5% 46.2%
7 52.8% 52.6% 56.1% 51.8% 51.7% 52.7%
8 51.5% 51.4% 53.2% 51.0% 50.8% 53.9%
11 58.7% 58.7% 60.1% 64.4% 64.5% 62.2%
Mathematics
3 55.7% 56.4% 45.3% 40.5% 40.7% 36.6%
4 48.1% 49.0% 35.0% 36.1% 36.3% 33.2%
5 44.1% 44.8% 32.5% 31.8% 32.1% 27.1%
6 40.6% 41.1% 34.5% 28.9% 29.3% 25.2%
7 38.2% 38.5% 34.3% 29.3% 29.4% 27.6%
8 37.8% 38.4% 30.1% 24.7% 24.8% 24.2%
11 30.1% 30.2% 27.1% 27.9% 28.1% 24.5%
Science
4 56.7% 57.1% 50.7% -- -- --
5 -- -- -- 36.6% 36.6% 37.4%
8 40.7% 40.5% 44.5% 33.0% 32.6% 38.6%
HS 34.7% 34.6% 36.2% 34.0% 33.9% 36.8%
2021-22 2022-23
Department Charter Department Charter
Grade All Schools All Schools
Schools Only Schools Only Schools Only Schools Only
English Language Arts
3 49.1% 49.3% 45.0% 48.5% 49.1% 39.8%
4 51.3% 51.8% 43.1% 50.9% 51.4% 44.7%
5 54.9% 55.3% 47.9% 54.1% 54.2% 51.4%
6 49.8% 50.1% 46.1% 50.4% 50.7% 47.3%
7 51.6% 52.0% 48.4% 50.5% 50.5% 50.1%
8 50.0% 50.4% 45.8% 49.7% 49.9% 48.1%
11 59.6% 59.4% 63.4% 58.2% 58.3% 57.5%
Mathematics
3 50.9% 51.6% 39.9% 51.6% 52.4% 40.0%
4 45.9% 46.2% 39.8% 49.7% 50.4% 39.4%
5 41.6% 42.1% 33.8% 43.2% 43.6% 36.9%
6 35.0% 35.6% 28.3% 38.2% 38.9% 31.4%
7 33.2% 33.9% 25.9% 33.5% 34.1% 27.7%
8 30.7% 31.3% 23.5% 30.6% 31.6% 20.5%
11 25.8% 25.9% 23.0% 25.0% 25.3% 19.6%
Science
5 44.4% 44.6% 40.5% 45.6% 45.7% 43.3%
8 38.7% 39.2% 33.3% 39.9% 40.3% 35.6%
HS 35.2% 35.3% 32.0% 33.1% 33.2% 30.7%
Note: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent ED waiver from testing, there are no results for SY 2019-20.
Achievement rates for English Language Arts and Mathematics are based on all students tested who were
administered either the SBA or HSA-Alt in that subject.
Achievement rates for Science are based on all students tested who were administered either the HSA Science,
HSA-Alt, or Biology I End-of-Course Exam. Beginning SY 2020-21, the NGSS replaced the HCPS III. This resulted in
the elementary tested grade moving from 4 to 5. No changes were made to other tested grades (8 and HS). The
achievement rates for high school students are based on students who were administered either the Biology I End-of-
Course Exam or the HSA-Alt for grade 11.
SY 2018-19 Science results based on the NGSS bridge test.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Data Governance and Analysis Branch.

12
Table 20. Students by Complex in SY 2022-23
Economically Special Graduated
Enrollment* EL
Disadvantaged Education On-Time
ALL SCHOOLS 168,634 80,681 18,036 16,920 86%
Department Schools 156,518 74,998 16,891 16,556 86%
HONOLULU: 2 Complex Areas / 6 Complexes
Farrington 6,608 66% 9% 31% 71%
Kaiser 3,492 14% 8% 5% 93%
Kalani 4,195 20% 8% 11% 94%
Kaimuki 3,328 62% 12% 30% 82%
McKinley 3,845 65% 10% 31% 75%
Roosevelt 5,633 37% 8% 10% 89%
CENTRAL: 2 Complex Areas / 6 Complexes
Aiea 3,363 51% 11% 13% 90%
Moanalua 4,876 28% 8% 6% 96%
Radford 5,069 29% 11% 5% 93%
Leilehua 6,419 52% 13% 8% 90%
Mililani 7,159 22% 10% 2% 95%
Waialua 1,284 46% 12% 4% 91%
LEEWARD: 3 Complex Areas / 6 Complexes
Campbell 10,240 38% 9% 8% 86%
Kapolei 6,372 42% 11% 5% 84%
Pearl City 5,662 33% 9% 8% 88%
Waipahu 7,580 55% 9% 21% 86%
Nanakuli 2,039 82% 18% 6% 84%
Waianae 4,779 80% 16% 6% 78%
WINDWARD: 2 Complex Areas / 4 Complexes
Castle 4,194 49% 15% 3% 84%
Kahuku 3,113 50% 12% 3% 89%
Kailua 2,381 53% 17% 3% 82%
Kalaheo 3,651 25% 11% 4% 94%
HAWAII: 3 Complex Areas / 9 Complexes
Hilo 4,047 65% 14% 7% 90%
Waiakea 3,521 51% 12% 6% 91%
Kau 943 92% 8% 24% 94%
Keaau 3,090 82% 13% 8% 87%
Pahoa 1,651 n/a 17% 8% 81%
Honokaa 1,699 59% 12% 7% 85%
Kealakehe 4,092 55% 10% 21% 75%
Kohala 754 54% 13% 7% 93%
Konawaena 3,148 57% 8% 15% 74%
MAUI: 2 Complex Areas / 8 Complexes
Baldwin 3,935 46% 9% 8% 77%
Kekaulike 4,017 52% 13% 4% 79%
Kulanihakoi** 1,592 51% 12% 15% n/a
Maui 5,102 43% 9% 17% 83%
Hana 378 61% 14% 0% 83%
Lahainaluna 2,967 48% 9% 15% 82%
Lanai 560 48% 14% 16% 90%
Molokai 931 83% 14% 2% 89%
KAUAI: 1 Complex Area / 3 Complexes
Kapaa 2,867 44% 11% 6% 94%
Kauai 3,507 48% 9% 10% 89%
Waimea 2,382 51% 10% 8% 84%
SPECIAL
Hawaii School for Deaf & Blind 53 57% n/a 32% n/a
Charter Schools 12,116 5,683 1,145 364 88%
Note: *Based on the Official Enrollment Count for Fall 2022.
**New Complex Kulanihakoi.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.

13
Table 21. Teachers by Complex in SY 2022-23

Average
Classroom 5+ Years
Fully Advanced Years
Teachers at Same
Licensed Degree Teaching
(Headcount) School
Experience
ALL SCHOOLS 11,516 10,956 6,141 4,475 12.7
Department Schools 11,001 10,477 5,940 4,243 12.8
95% 54% 39%
HONOLULU Farrington 492 96% 60% 36% 14.6
Kaiser 232 98% 50% 43% 12.5
Kalani 270 98% 59% 49% 14.3
Kaimuki 268 95% 62% 41% 15.7
McKinley 277 95% 57% 40% 14.1
Roosevelt 372 95% 57% 34% 14.5
CENTRAL Aiea 238 95% 53% 37% 12.9
Moanalua 308 97% 57% 48% 13.0
Radford 360 96% 57% 40% 13.2
Leilehua 495 92% 52% 43% 12.5
Mililani 467 99% 61% 43% 14.8
Waialua 93 98% 54% 48% 13.8
LEEWARD Campbell 660 95% 52% 35% 11.7
Kapolei 424 96% 44% 37% 11.7
Pearl City 398 96% 64% 31% 15.1
Waipahu 526 98% 61% 35% 13.2
Nanakuli 153 97% 56% 42% 12.6
Waianae 381 83% 48% 30% 10.1
WINDWARD Castle 328 95% 55% 32% 13.5
Kahuku 233 97% 57% 34% 13.5
Kailua 226 94% 57% 36% 14.0
Kalaheo 250 95% 40% 40% 10.6
HAWAII Hilo 294 99% 55% 39% 13.6
Waiakea 241 95% 61% 41% 14.7
Kau 75 92% 41% 33% 7.9
Keaau 212 95% 58% 38% 13.4
Pahoa 122 92% 43% 48% 9.5
Honokaa 115 98% 50% 46% 12.1
Kealakehe 274 91% 40% 42% 9.8
Kohala 60 92% 37% 42% 8.6
Konawaena 206 94% 44% 39% 10.2
MAUI Baldwin 258 94% 52% 37% 13.0
Kekaulike 267 95% 53% 40% 12.5
Kulanihakoi* 130 95% 34% 38% 9.0
Maui 322 95% 56% 35% 12.6
Hana 30 90% 50% 37% 11.7
Lahainaluna 203 95% 53% 44% 10.1
Lanai 48 96% 48% 35% 10.2
Molokai 81 98% 52% 42% 13.3
KAUAI Kapaa 182 99% 54% 37% 13.3
Kauai 248 96% 62% 39% 13.0
Waimea 166 96% 51% 40% 11.8
SPECIAL
Hawaii School for Deaf & Blind 16 88% 25% 81% 9.4
Charter Schools 515 479 201 232 9.5
93% 39% 45%
Note: *New Complex Kulanihakoi.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Assessment and Accountability Branch.
14
Table 22. SY 2022-23 Wellness Indicators by Complex

Required Health
Met Compliance
Beverages Sold

Recess Per Day

Ed Classes Met
Recommended

Recommended

Guidelines Met
Schools with a

Average % of
Participation
Participating

Required PE
Classes Met

≥20 Minutes
Committee

All Food &

Number of

Percent of

Wellness

Wellness
Schools

Minutes

Minutes
STATE OVERALL 255 99% 70% 47% 75% 88% 95% 81%
Farrington-Kaiser-Kalani 23 92% 61% 39% 78% 87% 96% 81%
Farrington 10 83% 50% 40% 90% 90% 100% 76%
Kaiser 6 100% 83% 33% 67% 83% 100% 86%
Kalani 7 100% 57% 43% 71% 86% 86% 83%
Kaimuki-McKinley-Roosevelt 28 100% 68% 68% 93% 96% 93% 87%
Kaimuki 10 100% 70% 80% 100% 100% 100% 89%
McKinley 8 100% 75% 63% 75% 100% 75% 86%
Roosevelt 10 100% 60% 60% 100% 90% 100% 86%
Aiea-Moanalua-Radford 22 100% 59% 36% 82% 82% 91% 79%
Aiea 7 100% 43% 29% 71% 86% 86% 74%
Moanalua 6 100% 67% 50% 100% 100% 83% 84%
Radford 9 100% 67% 33% 78% 67% 100% 79%
Leilehua-Mililani-Waialua 20 100% 95% 70% 75% 90% 90% 89%
Leilehua 10 100% 100% 60% 90% 100% 90% 92%
Mililani 7 100% 100% 100% 71% 86% 100% 92%
Waialua 3 100% 67% 33% 33% 67% 67% 75%
Campbell-Kapolei 18 100% 89% 44% 67% 78% 94% 81%
Campbell 10 100% 90% 40% 60% 80% 90% 80%
Kapolei 8 100% 88% 50% 75% 75% 100% 83%
Pearl City-Waipahu 17 100% 88% 47% 82% 100% 88% 87%
Pearl City 10 100% 80% 40% 80% 100% 90% 84%
Waipahu 7 100% 100% 57% 86% 100% 86% 92%
Nanakuli-Waianae 9 100% 67% 78% 89% 89% 100% 84%
Nanakuli 3 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 96%
Waianae 6 100% 50% 67% 83% 83% 100% 77%
Castle-Kahuku 16 100% 63% 50% 63% 94% 100% 81%
Castle 10 100% 60% 60% 80% 90% 100% 82%
Kahuku 6 100% 67% 33% 33% 100% 100% 79%
Kailua-Kalaheo 14 100% 64% 36% 71% 93% 100% 79%
Kailua 8 100% 63% 25% 63% 100% 100% 75%
Kalaheo 6 100% 67% 50% 83% 83% 100% 85%
Hilo-Waiakea 13 100% 69% 38% 69% 77% 100% 80%
Hilo 9 100% 67% 44% 67% 89% 100% 78%
Waiakea 4 100% 75% 25% 75% 50% 100% 85%
Kau-Keaau-Pahoa 9 100% 78% 22% 67% 78% 100% 77%
Kau 2 100% 100% 50% 0% 100% 100% 82%
Keaau 4 100% 75% 25% 100% 75% 100% 76%
Pahoa 3 100% 67% 0% 67% 67% 100% 76%
Honokaa-Kealakehe-Kohala-Konawaena 19 100% 42% 16% 53% 63% 95% 65%
Honokaa 4 100% 25% 0% 75% 100% 100% 68%
Kealakehe 5 100% 20% 20% 40% 40% 100% 60%
Kohala 3 100% 67% 0% 67% 67% 67% 71%
Konawaena 7 100% 57% 29% 43% 57% 100% 66%
Baldwin-Kekaulike-Kulanihakoi-Maui 21 100% 70% 55% 70% 100% 100% 83%
Baldwin 5 100% 80% 40% 100% 100% 100% 84%
Kekaulike 7 100% 43% 57% 29% 100% 100% 74%
Kulanihakoi* 4 100% 67% 100% 100% 100% 100% 92%
Maui 5 100% 100% 40% 80% 100% 100% 89%
Hana-Lahainaluna-Lanai-Molokai 11 100% 55% 55% 73% 82% 91% 76%
Hana 1 100% 0% 0% 0% 100% 100% 71%
Lahainaluna 4 100% 50% 75% 75% 75% 75% 74%
Lanai 1 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100% 47%
Molokai 5 100% 80% 60% 100% 100% 100% 85%
Kapaa-Kauai-Waimea 15 94% 80% 40% 87% 100% 100% 84%
Kapaa 5 100% 80% 60% 60% 100% 100% 85%
Kauai 5 100% 80% 40% 100% 100% 100% 82%
Waimea 5 83% 80% 20% 100% 100% 100% 86%
Note: *New Complex Kulanihakoi. Kulanihakoi High School only had grade 9 in SY 2022-23 and operated from a temporary site. To provide a
fair evaluation, it was excluded from the overall State and associated Complex Area and Complex-level scores. While 255 out of 258
schools completed the survey, the overall State-level score is calculated from 254 schools.
Source: Hawaii State Department of Health.

15
 Table 23. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program English
Language Arts Assessments by Grade and Complex for SY 2022-23
All
District Complex 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 Tested
Grades
ALL SCHOOLS 49% 51% 54% 50% 51% 50% 58% 52%
Department Schools 49% 51% 54% 51% 51% 50% 58% 52%
HONOLULU Farrington 42% 42% 46% 34% 38% 43% 62% 43%
Kaiser 64% 64% 76% 69% 72% 74% 62% 69%
Kalani 78% 76% 78% 78% 81% 85% 72% 78%
Kaimuki 45% 50% 49% 40% 50% 57% 39% 47%
McKinley 38% 46% 47% 32% 37% 36% 67% 46%
Roosevelt 71% 74% 77% 52% 59% 58% 64% 65%
CENTRAL Aiea 47% 54% 55% 59% 55% 51% 54% 54%
Moanalua 62% 68% 64% 73% 71% 77% 68% 69%
Radford 60% 65% 67% 72% 66% 59% 67% 65%
Leilehua 51% 48% 53% 45% 61% 62% 56% 53%
Mililani 65% 70% 69% 66% 68% 66% 66% 67%
Waialua 56% 48% 70% 65% 47% 54% 66% 58%
LEEWARD Campbell 50% 49% 53% 51% 46% 55% 57% 51%
Kapolei 52% 50% 59% 50% 48% 50% 57% 52%
Pearl City 66% 68% 71% 74% 64% 56% 65% 67%
Waipahu 46% 45% 52% 49% 49% 43% 62% 50%
Nanakuli 11% 17% 26% 30% 27% 30% 25% 23%
Waianae 26% 39% 36% 32% 25% 21% 41% 32%
WINDWARD Castle 47% 49% 56% 56% 48% 31% 60% 50%
Kahuku 53% 48% 56% 54% 46% 37% 46% 49%
Kailua 62% 64% 61% 60% 23% 23% 66% 57%
Kalaheo 55% 63% 57% 71% 65% 67% 69% 64%
HAWAII Hilo 41% 45% 48% 48% 54% 51% 47% 48%
Waiakea 37% 53% 56% 42% 48% 50% 72% 51%
Kau 25% 29% 28% 26% 34% 18% 22% 27%
Keaau 36% 33% 21% 23% 33% 39% 53% 33%
Pahoa 20% 20% 25% 26% 31% 32% 50% 28%
Honokaa 35% 42% 45% 48% 23% 40% 36% 39%
Kealakehe 28% 35% 33% 34% 35% 42% 59% 37%
Kohala 35% 37% 44% 43% 47% 39% 57% 44%
Konawaena 41% 41% 51% 48% 46% 53% 62% 48%
MAUI Baldwin 41% 44% 49% 42% 50% 41% 43% 45%
Kekaulike 49% 48% 51% 40% 46% 41% 64% 49%
Kulanihakoi* 40% 48% 47% 32% 48% 34% n/a 42%
Maui 46% 48% 51% 50% 43% 48% 60% 49%
Hana 17% n/a 7% 43% 48% 31% 33% 32%
Lahainaluna 31% 40% 50% 43% 40% 46% 49% 43%
Lanai 40% 38% 42% 35% 24% 35% 63% 40%
Molokai 41% 32% 36% 40% 43% 51% 21% 38%
KAUAI Kapaa 48% 47% 54% 42% 46% 32% 58% 47%
Kauai 63% 52% 56% 58% 54% 48% 51% 55%
Waimea 52% 54% 49% 26% 24% 24% 55% 41%
SPECIAL
Hawaii School for Deaf & Blind n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a
Charter Schools 40% 45% 51% 47% 50% 48% 58% 48%
Note: *New Complex Kulanihakoi.
Achievement rates are based on all students who were administered the SBA or HSA-Alt.
n/a = Data not reported to maintain student confidentiality (FERPA).
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Data Governance and Analysis Branch.

16
Table 24. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program
Mathematics Assessments by Grade and Complex for SY 2022-23
All
District Complex 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 Tested
Grades
ALL SCHOOLS 52% 50% 43% 38% 34% 31% 25% 40%
Department Schools 52% 50% 44% 39% 34% 32% 25% 40%
HONOLULU Farrington 40% 39% 35% 26% 25% 21% 27% 31%
Kaiser 67% 60% 60% 60% 47% 58% 40% 56%
Kalani 81% 72% 67% 67% 70% 72% 44% 68%
Kaimuki 45% 49% 42% 29% 31% 40% 6% 37%
McKinley 41% 44% 37% 19% 20% 33% 25% 34%
Roosevelt 75% 74% 74% 35% 42% 32% 33% 54%
CENTRAL Aiea 54% 49% 45% 47% 37% 33% 33% 43%
Moanalua 66% 69% 58% 61% 55% 52% 28% 54%
Radford 64% 66% 52% 61% 46% 37% 36% 54%
Leilehua 53% 50% 44% 40% 42% 45% 27% 44%
Mililani 70% 71% 64% 55% 54% 41% 37% 56%
Waialua 63% 55% 57% 54% 49% 43% 21% 49%
LEEWARD Campbell 55% 48% 42% 37% 31% 33% 20% 39%
Kapolei 55% 52% 48% 34% 30% 27% 24% 39%
Pearl City 70% 68% 63% 67% 52% 49% 40% 60%
Waipahu 50% 45% 42% 39% 34% 26% 29% 38%
Nanakuli 18% 15% 9% 20% 13% 12% 7% 14%
Waianae 25% 34% 21% 29% 15% 10% 9% 21%
WINDWARD Castle 50% 46% 41% 47% 29% 20% 19% 38%
Kahuku 52% 54% 46% 51% 39% 25% 15% 42%
Kailua 66% 57% 49% 50% 15% 7% 27% 45%
Kalaheo 63% 59% 44% 54% 46% 45% 26% 50%
HAWAII Hilo 42% 41% 38% 38% 40% 40% 18% 38%
Waiakea 46% 52% 42% 29% 30% 30% 43% 39%
Kau 23% 23% 12% 15% 9% 5% 4% 14%
Keaau 41% 26% 16% 10% 13% 14% 20% 20%
Pahoa 24% 19% 13% 15% 12% 17% 14% 17%
Honokaa 35% 42% 33% 38% 19% 35% 10% 31%
Kealakehe 27% 31% 21% 15% 18% 32% 27% 24%
Kohala 43% 33% 33% 13% 26% 14% 10% 24%
Konawaena 42% 45% 40% 25% 21% 20% 22% 32%
MAUI Baldwin 49% 42% 38% 29% 24% 24% 16% 33%
Kekaulike 52% 41% 38% 22% 25% 26% 23% 33%
Kulanihakoi* 40% 50% 42% 27% 21% 9% n/a 33%
Maui 48% 48% 42% 30% 21% 27% 27% 35%
Hana 17% n/a n/a 29% 24% 14% 8% 17%
Lahainaluna 41% 35% 36% 21% 25% 21% 10% 26%
Lanai 36% 50% 30% 30% 4% 10% 5% 23%
Molokai 33% 40% 33% 31% 29% 25% 1% 27%
KAUAI Kapaa 53% 45% 45% 27% 20% 12% 19% 32%
Kauai 70% 51% 46% 47% 48% 34% 20% 46%
Waimea 54% 55% 34% 22% 11% 22% 13% 32%
SPECIAL
Hawaii School for Deaf & Blind n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 7%
Charter Schools 40% 39% 37% 31% 28% 21% 20% 31%
Note: *New Complex Kulanihakoi.
Achievement rates are based on all students who were administered the SBA or HSA-Alt.
n/a = Data not reported to maintain student confidentiality (FERPA).
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Data Governance and Analysis Branch.
17
Table 25. Percent Meeting Standard on the Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program Science
Assessments by Grade and Complex for SY 2022-23
All
District Complex 5 8 HS Tested
Grades
ALL SCHOOLS 46% 40% 33% 40%
Department Schools 46% 40% 33% 40%
HONOLULU Farrington 38% 29% 29% 32%
Kaiser 65% 68% 30% 53%
Kalani 67% 70% 53% 62%
Kaimuki 40% 42% 11% 34%
McKinley 35% 21% 34% 33%
Roosevelt 76% 51% 36% 55%
CENTRAL Aiea 44% 47% 43% 45%
Moanalua 56% 69% 43% 54%
Radford 60% 53% 52% 56%
Leilehua 45% 52% 37% 45%
Mililani 60% 59% 48% 55%
Waialua 52% 37% 36% 42%
LEEWARD Campbell 45% 49% 33% 42%
Kapolei 49% 36% 33% 40%
Pearl City 64% 46% 34% 50%
Waipahu 40% 43% 41% 41%
Nanakuli 15% 13% 7% 10%
Waianae 23% 20% 8% 16%
WINDWARD Castle 48% 26% 26% 35%
Kahuku 53% 28% 42% 41%
Kailua 54% 23% 41% 44%
Kalaheo 50% 50% 51% 50%
HAWAII Hilo 41% 49% 34% 41%
Waiakea 47% 38% 48% 45%
Kau 24% 20% 11% 17%
Keaau 18% 26% 16% 19%
Pahoa 22% 25% 15% 20%
Honokaa 42% 40% 21% 34%
Kealakehe 24% 40% 34% 32%
Kohala 49% 22% n/a 39%
Konawaena 40% 40% 20% 32%
MAUI Baldwin 38% 26% 29% 32%
Kekaulike 45% 31% 47% 42%
Kulanihakoi* 45% 13% n/a 32%
Maui 40% 39% 39% 39%
Hana 7% 10% 25% 15%
Lahainaluna 38% 21% 17% 26%
Lanai 21% 15% n/a 18%
Molokai 38% 35% 9% 25%
KAUAI Kapaa 45% 15% 30% 30%
Kauai 49% 32% 21% 34%
Waimea 40% 16% 14% 24%
SPECIAL
Hawaii School for Deaf & Blind n/a n/a n/a n/a
Charter Schools 43% 36% 31% 37%
Note: *New Complex Kulanihakoi.
Achievement rates are based on all students tested who were administered
either the HSA Science, HSA-Alt, or the Biology I End-of-Course Exam. The
achievement rates for high school students are based on students who were
administered either the Biology I End-of-Course Exam or the HSA-Alt for grade 11.
n/a = Data not reported to maintain student confidentiality (FERPA).
Source: Hawaii State Department of Education: Office of Strategy, Innovation and Performance; Data
Governance and Analysis Branch.

18
 Appendices
Appendix A. Glossary
This glossary explains the educational and fiscal terms and measures contained in the Data Book. An “n/a”
indicates data are “not appropriate” or “not reportable.” A “--” indicates data are missing or unavailable.
Due to rounding of percentages, there may be slight differences among published reports (for example,
9.6% may be reported as 10% for the same measure in different reports).

Administrators, School: This is a Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) count of all principals and vice-principals.

Administrators, State and Complex Area: This is an FTE count of the positions responsible for the
administrative support of programs, curriculum, and state or federal legal requirements at the complex area
and state levels. Examples of FTE positions include complex area superintendents, evaluation specialists,
facilities planners, personnel specialists, test development specialists, budget specialists, information (data)
specialists, state and district curriculum/educational specialists, and safety/security program specialists.

Advanced Placement: A program in the United States created by the College Board which offers college-
level curricula and examinations to high school students. American colleges and universities may grant
placement and course credit to students who obtain high scores on the examinations.

Appropriated Funds: Funds determined by the state legislature and enacted by the governor to provide
basic support for the Hawaii State Department of Education to operate a statewide school district.
Appropriated Funds include Executive Budget Bill appropriations for the Department and Charter schools
plus actual expenditures made by Department of Budget and Finance (B&F) for both Department and
Charter schools employer’s share of the cost of the employees’ retirement system and health insurance
costs and related debt service. Beginning in FY 2009-10, appropriations for DOE related retirement benefit
payments, health premium payments, and debt service payments were transferred to B&F. These amounts
have continued to be included in the Appropriated Funds on this report for comparability and to present the
total cost of public education.

Attendance Rate: The percentage of the official student enrollment attending school every day during the
school year. For example, 95% means that on any given day during the given school year, an average of 95%
of the students are present in school.

Average Years Teaching Experience: This is a simple average of the number of years of approved teaching
experience within the Hawaii Department of Education.

Charter Schools: Charter schools are public schools operated and managed by independent governing
boards. They operate under a performance contract with the State Public Charter School Commission, the
statewide charter school authorizer. The Commission approves quality applications for new charter schools,
monitors the performance and legal compliance of existing charter schools, and is responsible to the Board of
Education.

Classroom Teachers, FTE or Headcount: An FTE Classroom Teacher count is a position count of all
teachers who are directly teaching students. Unlike FTE, “Headcount” is a simple count of the number of
teachers who are directly teaching students. Thus, 1.5 FTE teachers may have a headcount of two (one 1.0
FTE and one 0.5 FTE) or three (three teachers in 0.5 FTE positions).

Community Eligibility Provision (CEP): Is a non-pricing meal service option for schools and school
districts in low-income areas. CEP allows the nation's highest poverty schools and districts to serve breakfast
and lunch at no cost to all enrolled students without collecting household applications. For additional
information visit the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service website:
https://www.fns.usda.gov/cn/community-eligibility-provision.

Complex: This is a smaller division within a Complex Area consisting of a high school and the middle/
intermediate and elementary schools within its attendance boundary.

Complex Area: This is an administrative unit made up of two or more complexes.

19
Demographics, State: Figures reported by the U.S. Census Bureau for years other than decennial 10-year
censuses are estimates and are updated periodically. Such estimates in this report are from the American
Community Survey. For an explanation of terms, definitions, and criteria used for classification, please visit
the U.S. government website for the census: https://www.census.gov/.

Dropout Rate: This four-year dropout rate is the percentage of high school students who have not returned to
school and have either officially exited as “drop-outs”, have school enrollment statuses that are undetermined,
or have not graduated within four years.

Economically Disadvantaged: These are students whose families meet the income qualifications for the
federal free/reduced-cost lunch program. This is an indicator of school-community poverty.

English Learners (EL): Students certified as receiving English-as-a-second-language services.

Enrollment Count, Official: The official enrollment count of each school is reported to the state upon the
yearly opening of school. A school’s enrollment may fluctuate over the course of the school year; thus, a
school’s enrollment count taken mid-year may be different from its official enrollment count.

Federal Funds: Funds provided by the federal government for use by the state public school system
through grants from various federal agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Education (ED), U.S.
Department of Defense, and U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Five or More Years at Same School: Percentage of teachers who have taught at one school for five or
more years. It is an indicator of school staffing stability. Schools with higher levels of stability are
considered most successful in implementing and sustaining school improvement efforts.

Fully Licensed: Teachers who meet the requirements (e.g., earned at least a bachelor’s degree and
completed an approved teacher training program) to be fully licensed by the Hawaii State Teachers
Standards Board.

Full-Time Equivalent (FTE): These are position counts and are the sum of full- and part-time positions. Note
that partial counts are possible. For example, one full-time (1.0 FTE) and one half-time (0.5 FTE) would count
as 1.5 FTEs.

General Funds: The primary source of funding for the state public school system provided by the state
through taxpayer revenues.

Graduation, Graduation Rate, Graduate On Time, Four-Year Graduation: Count or percentage of all
high school students, including charter school students, who had completed high school within four years
of their 9th-grade entry date. Special Education students receiving certificates of completion and students
taking more than four years to complete high school are not included. For more information on the
Adjusted Cohort Graduation Rate methodology, see the ESSA Graduation Rate Guidance on the ED
website: https://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/essa/essagradrateguidance.pdf.

Hawaii State Alternate (HSA-Alt) Assessment: The HSA-Alt in English Language Arts, Mathematics and
Science are administered to students to promote, improve access to, and measure the attainment of
standards for students with significant cognitive disabilities.

Honors Recognition Certificates: Honors Recognition Certificates will be awarded to students who meet
the requirements for the Hawaii High School Diploma, attain a cumulative grade point average of 3.0 or
above, and earn the required credits for Academic, CTE, or STEM Honors. Students are able to earn a
certificate for each honors distinction. For more information on the graduation requirements and the
Honors Recognition Certificate requirements visit the Hawaii Department of Education (HIDOE) website:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/TeachingAndLearning/StudentLearning/GraduationRequirements/Page
s/Requirements.aspx.

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Kaiapuni Assessment of Education Outcomes (KAEO): Assessments administered in the Hawaiian
language to Hawaiian language immersion students in Language Arts, Mathematics, and Science.

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP): A congressionally-mandated project administered

by the ED’s National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). The NAEP program consists of assessments in
a variety of subject areas (e.g., Civics, U.S. History, and Science), and the Every Student Succeeds Act
(ESSA) requires districts that receive Title I funding to participate in the NAEP mathematics and reading
assessments for grades 4 and 8. NAEP is the only assessment that serves as a common measure of student
achievement across the country, providing valuable data on student performance in comparison to other
states and long-term trends in student performance within and across key demographic groups. NAEP results
have been an important metric to analyze the impact of systemic and school-level efforts on student
achievement for nearly the past 30 years. The metrics that NAEP uses include average scale scores and the
percentages of students achieving NAEP Advanced, NAEP Proficient, NAEP Basic, and NAEP Below Basic.
Advanced and Proficient denote mastery of challenging subject matter, including success on some items that
are above the grade level of the students being tested. NAEP defines Basic as denoting partial mastery of
prerequisite knowledge and skills that are fundamental for proficient work at each grade assessed. Below
Basic means performance below the grade level being tested.

Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS): The Hawaii Board of Education adopted the Next Generation
Science Standards (NGSS) to replace the Hawaii Content and Performance Standards III (HCPS III) for
Science in 2016. Full implementation took place in SY 2019-20. Due to COVID-19 there was a waiver for
statewide assessments in SY 2019-20 and, as a result, the first administration for NGSS-based science
assessments was SY 2020-21. Results from the NGSS-based assessments administered in SY 2020-21 are
not comparable to the results of HCPS III Science Assessments given newly adopted standards and test
items. The results of SY 2020-21 tests will serve as a new baseline for student performance and growth.

Not Suspended, Students: The number of students who are not suspended by the school and an
indicator of appropriate student behavior at school.

Others: Percentage of high school completers who received a special education certificate of completion in
lieu of a diploma and students who are still attending school and did not graduate in the four-year time frame.
These students are not included in the “Dropout” count or in the “Graduation On-time” count.

Perceptions of Safety and Well-Being, Student and Teacher: Positive responses (“Completely Agree”,
“Strongly Agree” and “Agree”) to a set of items on the Hawaii State Department of Education’s annual School
Quality Survey (SQS) regarding school safety and well-being. The percentage of responses that are positive
is reported.

Per Pupil Expenditure: The numbers reported by the National Center of Education Statistics (NCES) may
be used for state-to-state comparisons. Numbers are based on membership and can be expected to be
smaller than per pupil expenditures based on average daily attendance. Current expenditure for public
elementary and secondary education in a state is divided by the student membership. Current expenditures
are funds spent for the operation of local public schools and local education agencies, including such
operating expenses as salaries for school personnel, student transportation, school books and materials,
and energy costs, but excluding capital outlay and interest on school debt.

Private Schools: Privately-operated schools not under the direction of the Hawaii State Department of
Education.

Retention Rates for Elementary: Percentage of students, excluding kindergartners, who are not promoted
to the next grade level. A low retention rate is desired.

Retention Rates for Middle & Intermediate: Percentage of 8th grade students who are not promoted to
9th grade the following year. A low retention rate is desired.

Schools, Total: The total number is the sum of all public schools. All Department, Charter, and special
schools are in this count. The Community Schools for Adults are not included.

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Section 504: Regulation requiring schools to provide a “free appropriate public education” (FAPE) to each
qualified student with a disability who is in the school district’s jurisdiction regardless of the nature or
severity of that disability.

Smarter Balanced Assessment (SBA): These tests of the Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program (HSAP)
measure student achievement in English Language Arts and Mathematics based on Hawaii Department of
Education content standards. The percentages shown are assessment results. “Percent Meeting Standard”
is derived from test results that meet or exceed the achievement standard (i.e., achievement cut-score).

Special Education (SPED): This count and percentage contain all special education students listed on the
official enrollment report as receiving special education services.

Special Funds: Funds generated through revenue sources other than state taxpayer revenues, such as
cafeteria collections from students, adult education tuition/fees, summer school tuition, driver education
fees, facility rental fees, and lost textbook penalty fees.

Special Needs, Multiple: Students identified and/or qualified as special needs under more than one of the
following categories: economically disadvantaged as determined by receiving free/reduced-cost lunch,
Section 504 classification, and certified as receiving special education or English Language Learner
services.

State and Local Expenditures Supporting Public Education, Percent: This percentage is published in
the annual ED National Center of Education Statistics (NCES) Digest of Educational Statistics publication.
The percentage is calculated by dividing the states’ “Total, all general expenditures per capita” by the states’
“Elementary and secondary education expenditures per capita.” The “Total, all general expenditures per
capita” includes state and local government expenditures for education services, social services, and income
maintenance, transportation, public safety, environment and housing, governmental administration, interest
on general debt, and other general expenditures, including intergovernmental expenditure to the federal
government, as reported by the state’s NCES Common Core of Data Financial Survey.

Support Staff, Other: This is an FTE count that encompasses a wide range of positions that support
schools. This category may include, but is not limited to, school assessment liaisons, athletic directors,
registrars, state and district resource teachers, school psychologists, custodians, cafeteria workers, school
secretaries, school security guards, educational assistants, occupational therapists, mental health
assistants, behavioral specialists, and student service coordinators. Note that the assignment of positions
to categories is based on ED National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data Non-Fiscal
Survey requirements.

Trust Funds: Funds segregated for specific purposes, such as foundation grants and athletic gate receipts.

Wellness: Student wellness is affected by nutrition education, the food served in schools, and the amount
of physical activity students engage in. The Department of Education also recognizes that when students’
wellness needs are met, they attain higher achievement levels.

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Appendix B. References and Resources
Educational and Accountability Reports
Accountability Resource Center Hawaii (ARCH)
This is a web portal for educational accountability information. It complements the many federally- and state-
required accountability reports at the school, complex, complex area, and state levels that are available as
static documents. Visit the HIDOE’s ARCH website: http://arch.k12.hi.us.

Enrollment
These reports have student enrollment figures by districts, state, and grade-level groups and are available on
the HIDOE School Reports page:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SchoolDataAndReports/SchoolReports/Pages/home.as
px.

National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)

The NAEP website has a variety of information available to educators and the general public. The NAEP
Data Explorer (https://www.nationsreportcard.gov/ndecore/landing) is a useful tool to access data on
student performance at the national and state level, which can also be disaggregated by key demographic
groups. The website also provides access to a Questions Tool (containing numerous released items from
the NAEP assessments) and a Take NAEP Now tool that teachers may use as a sample assessment in
their classroom. Any questions regarding the NAEP assessments or the resources on the NAEP website
may contact NAEP State Coordinator Dewey Gottlieb, at [email protected] or (808) 307-3636.
Visit the NAEP website: https://nationsreportcard.gov.

Longitudinal Education Information (LEI) Public ESSA Dashboard

The Longitudinal Education Information (LEI) Public ESSA Dashboard provides the school level reports
mandated by the federal Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). ESSA is a reauthorization of federal
education law, replacing the No Child Left Behind. It was implemented in school year 2017-18. Under ESSA,
states must set rigorous academic standards, assess students in core subjects, report progress data, set
teacher qualifications, and report per pupil expenditures. ESSA reports are available at the LEI Public ESSA
Dashboard and ARCH websites: http://hidoedata.org and http://arch.k12.hi.us/reports/essa.

School Quality Survey (SQS)

The survey gathers student, parent, and school staff perceptions that are useful for school improvement
and planning efforts. The SQS also provides information about parent involvement and parent and student
satisfaction with their schools. SQS reports are available on the ARCH website:
http://arch.k12.hi.us/reports/sqs.

School Status and Improvement Report (SSIR)

Each SSIR has a description of the school and its setting, a summary of progress in implementing Hawaii
Department of Education standards, and information on school resources and educational outcomes.
SSIR reports are available on the ARCH website: http://arch.k12.hi.us/reports/ssir.

Strive HI
The current school accountability and improvement system is designed to meet the needs of Hawaii’s
students, educators, and schools. It aligns and connects our key state education policies and initiatives to
position students and educators for success. For more information, visit the ARCH website
http://arch.k12.hi.us or the HIDOE Strive HI Performance System page
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/AdvancingEducation/StriveHIPerformanceSystem/Pag
es/home.aspx.

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Trend Report: Educational & Fiscal Accountability
This annual report contains three years of trend data on schools, school complexes, and the Hawaii State
Department of Education at selected benchmark grade levels with performance indicators in areas relating to
student achievement, safety and well-being, and civic responsibility. These reports are designed to present
trend data information to the public in a concise format for each complex and school as well as for the state.
Trend reports are available on the ARCH website: http://arch.k12.hi.us/reports/trend-report.

Financial Reports
Allocations by School Program
These annual reports contain dollar amounts allocated by Allocation Number, Program, or Organization and
can be found on the HIDOE Budget page:
https://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/Budget/Pages/allocations.aspx.

Annual Financial Reports

This Annual Financial Report is prepared each year to inform interested persons of the total cost of public
education in the State of Hawaii. The reports provide both Operating and Capital Improvement Project
fund information that is useful in presenting our educational system’s financing, expenditures, and per
pupil information. This report can be found on the HIDOE State Reports page:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SchoolDataAndReports/StateReports/Pages/home.
aspx.

Audit
The annual report on the financial audit of the Hawaii State Department of Education forms an opinion on
the fairness of the presentation of its financial statements to comply with requirements for state and local
governments that receive federal financial assistance. This report can be found on the HIDOE State
Reports page:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SchoolDataAndReports/StateReports/Pages/home.
aspx.

Budget
These reports have fiscal information on budget restrictions, operating budget allocations (initial and
supplemental), emergency appropriations, and biennium budgets and can be found on the HIDOE Budget
page: http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/ConnectWithUs/Organization/Budget/Pages/home.aspx.

Special Education Reports

Annual Performance Report & State Performance Plan
These documents are the state’s plans and reports in accordance with the Individuals with Disabilities
Education Improvement Act of 2004. Included are evaluations of the state’s efforts and plans for improving
implementation. For more information, visit the HIDOE Special Education Performance Report page:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SchoolDataAndReports/StateReports/Pages/Special-
Education-Performance-Report.aspx.

Due Process Hearing Redacted Decisions

The due process hearing redacted decisions are provided for public information. For more information, visit
the HIDOE Special Education Performance Report page:
http://www.hawaiipublicschools.org/VisionForSuccess/SchoolDataAndReports/StateReports/Pages/Special-
Education-Performance-Report.aspx.

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 Other Resources
Center on the Family
This resource provides access to research reports, informational articles, videos, brochures, and other
materials designed to support and strengthen families in Hawaii. The Center on the Family at the
University of Hawaii-Manoa (UH-Manoa) also issues an annual report on a core set of indicators reflecting
overall well-being of Hawaii families. For more information, visit the UH-Manoa Center on the Family
website: http://uhfamily.hawaii.edu.

Hawaii P-3
An initiative by Hawaii P-20 to increase children’s social-emotional and cognitive development toward the end
goal of reading at grade level by third grade. For more information, visit the Hawaii P-3 website:
https://www.hawaiip20.org/p-20-initiatives/early-childhood/.

Hawaii P-20 Partnerships for Education

A statewide partnership led by the Hawaii Children’s Action Network (HCAN), previously known as Good
Beginnings Alliance, the Hawaii State Department of Education, and the University of Hawaii System to
strengthen early childhood through post-secondary education so that all students achieve career and college
success. Annual College and Career Readiness reports are available on its website. For more information,
visit the Hawaii P-20 website: https://www.hawaiip20.org/.

State Public Charter School Commission

The State Public Charter School Commission (SPCSC or Commission) is the statewide charter school
authorizer whose mission is to authorize high-quality public charter schools throughout Hawaii. The
Commission approves quality applications for new charter schools and monitors the performance and legal
compliance of existing charter schools. Charter schools are public schools operated and managed by
independent governing boards that are responsible for the schools' financial, organizational, and academic
viability. Although they are funded on a “per pupil” basis separately from Department of Education-operated
schools, charter schools are open-enrollment public schools that serve all students and do not charge tuition.
Annual reports are available on SPCSC’s website: http://www.chartercommission.hawaii.gov.

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Appendix C. Supplemental Data Tables
Data tables are available online at http://arch.k12.hi.us/reports/hidoe-data-book.

Table 1. Enrollment in Hawaii Public and Private Schools .......................................................1

Table 2. Enrollment by Complex Area .....................................................................................2

Table 3. Enrollment of Students with Special Needs................................................................3

Table 4. Special Needs Affecting Public School Students in Hawaii ........................................4

Table 5. Average Daily Attendance Rates by School Type ......................................................5

Table 6. Four-Year Graduation and Dropout Rates .................................................................6

Table 7. Ethnicity of Students and Teachers ...........................................................................7

Table 8. Hawaii Statewide Assessment Program Results ........................................................8

Table 9. Chapter 19 Suspensions Categorized by Type of Incident .........................................9

Table 10. Administrative Staff as Proportion of Total Staff: Hawaii and Comparison States .... 10

Table 11. Expenditure Per Pupil: Hawaii and Comparison States ............................................ 11

Table 12. Hawaii and States with Similar Financial Resources ................................................12

Table 13. Percent of State and Local Expenditures Supporting Public Education:Hawaii and
Comparison States ..................................................................................................13

Table 14. Percent of State and Local Expenditures Supporting Public Education and Per Pupil
Expenditures: All States ...........................................................................................14

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