Physics © Level P-1 Classified at 1.5: Balanced and unbalanced forces 1 3 4 5, 6. Read and White Publications Balanced and unbalanced forces OIN 24112104 A solid object, immersed in water, hangs from an elastic thread. Three forces act on the object: its weight W, the tension in the thread T, and a force F from the water, The force F acts upwards. tweed | water ZT _—solid object o Which equation is correct when the object is stationary? A F+Ws0 B F-T=0 Cc F-W-T=0 D F-W+T=0 OIN 20/12/08, O/N 20/11/03 ‘A car of mass 600 kg has a forward acceleration of 2.6 m/s?. A frictional force of 1200 N opposes the mation of the car. ‘What is the driving force due to the engine of the car? A 800N B 1200N © 2000N D 3200N OIN 20/12/10, OIN 20/11/0141 Which list contains only quantities that can be changed by a force? A mass, shape, velocity mass, velocity, volume B mass, shape, volume D shape, velocity, volume OIN 20/11/04 A parachutist falling at a steady speed opens her parachute. Which row is correct for the direction of the resultant force and for the direction of the acceleration of the parachutist just after her parachute opens? resultant force direction | acceleration direction A downwards downwards B downwards upwards c upwards downwards D upwards upwards @ PO Mid 20/P12/Q6, MJ 20/11/04 BSS? A car of weight'11 000 N moves with constant velocity along a horizonta road. A driving fort acts on the car. OP aes ‘What is the force opposing the motion of the car? ay 2) af A 5000N B 6000N © 11000N D, gy Bonen” ON 49/P12107 & * In which descents the acceleration equal to the acceleration of ee fl ofl mess? ‘A a bungee jumper leaping from a bridge QE og? 2 feather fang in a vertical tube thet contains a vacuum = gS gh 5 e © a@hailstone travelling to Earth at terminal velocity > er © a shysiver cropping trom an akcrat wards the ground SO” 4g oOevel P-1 Class 42 : Balanced and unbalanced forces Physics O Level P-1 Classified ana wiz, Publications 1.8: Balanced and unbalanced force: 7. OIN 19/P12/Q8, OIN 19/P11/09 A body slides down a frictionless slope, as shown. ‘As the body presses on the surface, the surface pushes back on the body. In which direction does the surface push back on the body? Be a 8. OIN 19/P11/06 Acar is accelerating along a straight, horizontal road. The diagram shows forces acting on the car. alr resistance driving force force force ‘Which forces are balanced? ‘A contact forces and air resistance © Griving force and air resistance B__conlact forces and weight D driving force and weight 8. O/N 19/11/07 A single force Is applied to a body. Wrat cannot happen? ‘Aa change in the direction of the moving body Ba change in the mass of the body initially at rest © a change in the position of the body initially at rest Da change in the speed of the moving body 10, MUS 19/P11/06 A hot-air balloon is travelling at constant velocity and is at a constant height above the ground, ‘The diagram shows the only four forces acting on the balloon. direction of travel & Which statement is correct? ° Se A Wand Y are equal, X and Z are equal. andgare equal, Vis greater than W. B Wand Y are equal, X is greater than Z. D Y weenie than W, X is greater than Z.Physics O Level P-1 Classified Mt. 12. 13, 14. 45. 43 4.5: Balanced and unbalanced forces Read and Wile Publications Mis 191P12106 A parachutist of mass 60 kg falls at a steady speed of 10 mls. The gravitational field strength g is 10 Nika. ‘What is the upward force acting on the parachutist? AO B BON c 60N D GOON ON 18/P12104 (On which car is there a resultant force? A acar moving along a straight horizontal road at constant speed BB acarmoving around a bend at constant speed © acarmoving uphill at constant velocity D acarthatis stationary ON 18/P12/01 ‘An apple falls from a tree. Which row descibes the forces acting on the apple and the motion of the apple as it falls?” forces acting motion of on the apple the apple A balanced acceleration B balanced constant speed ¢ | unbalanced acceleration D_| unbalanced constant speed IN 48/P12/03, OIN 18/P14/Q5, OIN 11/P12/Q4, OIN 11/P 11/06 ‘An engine pulls’a truck at constant speed on a level track. engine ‘The link between the engine and the truck breaks. The driving force on the engine remains constant. ‘What effect does this have on the engine and on the truck? engine truck A | speed stays constant | slows down B speeds up slows down © | speed stays constant | stops immediately D speeds up stops immediately Mid 18/P12106 Which forces act on a skydiver who is faling at terminal velocity? A air resistance and weight © weight only B airresistance only D no forces,Physics O Level P-t Classified 16. 7 18 19, 20. 44 1.5: Balanced and unbalanced forces Read and Wiite Publications OIN 17/P12/04 A free-fall skydiver jumps from a plane. As he falls there is a force acting upwards and a force acting downwards on his body. These produce a resultant force. Before he reaches terminal velocity, how do the sizes of the forces change? downward force | upwardforce | resultant force A| decreases decreases stays the same B increases stays the same decreases © |. stays the same Increases decreases D_| stays the same increases increases ON 17/P14/05 A skydiver falls at terminal velocity. He then opens his parachute. Which row gives the direction of the resultant force on the skydiver and the direction of the acceleration of the skydiver immediately after the parachule opens? resultant force acceleration A downwards downwards B downwards upwards c upwards downwards D upwards upwards Mid 17/P12I07 ‘train of mass 240 000 kg is travelling at a speed of 60 m/s. The brakes are applied and it decelerates for 10 minutes until it comes to rest. ‘Whal is the average resultant force? A 24000N B 40000N © 480.000 N D 720000N Mid 171P12106 A.hanging basket is fixed to a wall by a bracket. ‘The weight of the basket is 80 N. The weight of the bracket is 20 N. ‘What is the size of the upwards force exerted on the bracket by the wall? A GON B 70N © SON g is rTP 11108 ww A skydiver jumps from an aeroplane. After a few seconds, he reaches! fermi ‘velocity without opening his parachute. ‘Why does he reach terminal velocity? S ‘A. Alrresistance becomes greater than his weight and stows bi downs B Airresistance decreases and he speeds up. GE. g CC Airresistance increases and balances his weight so(@atfis.géeleraton is zero, D__Hisweight decreases and balances the air resistance” oS”Physics O Level P-t Classified 2. 22. 23. 45 .5: Balanced and unbalanced forces Read and Write Publications: 1 bel Mid 17IP 11105 A resultant force acts on an object and causes it to move in a straight line. ‘The graph shows how the resultant force varies with time. resultant force °. o tne Which graph is the speed-time graph for the object? speed speed A c time speed speed B D & time ¢ b tme OIN 16/P12109 ‘Aman with an open parachute is falling to Earth at constant speed, The following forces are acting. P the upward force of the parachute on the man, Q the upward force of the man on the Earth. RR the downward force of the Earth on the parachute, 8 _ the downward force of the man on the parachute. Which two forces are a Newton's third law pair? A PandQ B PandR c Pads D QandR ON 167121010 ‘Two forces, X and Y, act on an object and produce a resultant force. The scale diagram represents the sizes. and directions of forces X and Y. force x force Y Force Z balances the resultant force due to X and Y and keeps the object st force Z? APhysics Level P-1 Classified 24. 25. 26. 27. 48 1.8: Balanced and unbalanced forces Read and Write Publications OIN 46/P44/07 ‘Two forces of 3.0 N and 4.0 N act at right-angles to each other. Which diagram shows the resultant R of these forces? A 30N & © souk § 40N 40N B 30N. f D sont § 40N 40N) ‘Mid 16/P11/08 Aforce acts on a body. ‘Which list contains only quantities that can be changed by the force? A mass, shape, velocity mass, velocity, volume B__ mass, shape, volume D shape, velocity, volume Mid 18/11/01 ‘The diagram shows arrows representing two vector quantities. Lo Which diagram shows the resultant R of these two vectors? A B COIN A8/P14108 Oe ‘Which object has the largest resultant force? LYS A 5 4 40N——J LES > 10N” * 30N 10N* ee 10N+—1 = = }—>40N c D = —-5N ON 2 |—+5NPhysics O Level P-1 Classified 28. 29. 30. 47 1.5: Balanced and unbalanced forces Read and Write Publications ON 15/P11/09 A force acts on a body. ‘Which properties of the body may all be changed by the force? ‘A mass, shape and size mass, size and velocity B_ mass, shape and velocity D shape, size and velocity Mid 151P11106 Four forces act at a point as shown, 2N aN. an 2N ‘What is the size of the resultant force? A ON B o4N c 5N D 8N Mid 451P11109 Newton's third law involves two quantities which are equal in size and opposite in direction. ‘What is the unit for these two quantities? Ad B mis? coN DwPhysics O Level P-t Classified 1. 3. % 10. crn 12. 13, 48 1.8: Answers sacton Read and Write Publications Answers Section D ‘When the object is stationary upward forces = downward force -» F +T=W—»F +T-W D ‘We know that F = m x a, where F is the resultant force, so Fedriving force —fiction. So, driving force -1200=800 x 2.5 -+ driving force=3200 N D Mass cannot be changed. Shape and volume can be changed by applying a force. D ‘Acceleration and resultant force are always in the same direction, so B and C are wrong. Since the parachutist is falling at a steady speed, the acceleration and hence the resultant force is zero. When the parachute is ‘opened, surface area increases and therefore air resistance, which acts upwards, increases. Therefore, the resultant force and hence acceleration act upwards, in the direction of air resistance. A ‘The car is moving with constant velocity, so the acceleration is 0, and hence resultant force is 0. Therefore, the driving force must be equal to the force of resistance. Since the driving force is 5000 N, the force opposing motion must also be 5000 N. Note that weight acts vertically while these forces are horizontal, so it is not relevant B ‘The only situation for which the acceleration of free fall is constant at g is when there is no air resistance, and hence no air. Therefore, this is only rue in a vacuum. c The force exerted by a surface on a body always acts perpendicular (makes a 90° angle) to the surface. C is the ‘only force that acts on the block and acts perpendicular to the surface, B Since the car is accelerating horizontally, the horizontal forces are not balanced. The car is not moving vertically, hence resultant force is zero and the forces must be balanced. Therefore, weight and contact forces must be equal B Mass for a body is constant and cannot be changed. While resultant force = mass x acceleration changing the force can only change the acceleration of a specific object. The mass stays constant, A For an object that is at rest or moving with constant velocity, the acceleration is zero, and hence dhe“esultant force is zero as resultant force = mass x acceleration, We will deal with horizontal and vertical fore» sexraely. W and Y are acting horizontally, and the the balloon is moving horizontally at constant valocity ignce the resillant force is zero and the forces are equal, The height above the ground s constant, seine ealoon Is not moving vertically. Hence, the vertical force X and Z must also be equal. SO 6s D a) Gaal “The speed is steady, so the acceleration is 0 and hence resultant force is also 0;Abeoreet ar balanced. The downward force is the weight of the parachutist, weight = mass x gravitational S@célerdlion > W = 60 x 10 = GOON. the downward force is 600, the upward force must also be GOON. @~ _ 8 6 In B the car is moving around a bend, which means its direction of mot8(Li8 coptinuously changing; hence its velocity is changing, Therefore, ithas an acceleration, and a resultant force." For an object that is at rest or moving with constant velocity, the seerleraiey is zero, and hence the resultant force is zero. Hence, options C and D are wrong. In A and B the Baris mating with constant speed, not velocity since the direction might be changing. In option A the car igmioving”on a straight horizontal road, so the direction of motion ig also constant. Hence the car in option Also use constant velocity and hence no resultant force. a c sv oPhysics O Level P-1 Classified 14. 15, 16. 7 18. 19, 20. a. 23. 24, 49 1.8: Answers section Read and Write Publications 8 When the truck gets disconnected, the mass the engine is pulling decreases, causing the acceleration and hence speed of the engine to nerease, since force = mass x acceleration -> acceleration = “222. The truck will nt stop immediately since it was moving with some speed, soit will fake time fo finaly come to rest. A 2 terminal velocity the air resistance acting on a body has become equal to the body's weight, which causes the resultant foree fo become 0. c The downward force is his weight, which stays the same. The upward force is air resistance, which increases as speed increases. The resultant force acts downwards, and since the resistive upward force increases, the resultant force decreases. D Since the parachutist i falling at terminal velocity, the acceleration and hence the resultant force is zero. When the parachute is opened, surface area inereases and therefore air resistance, which acts upwards, increases. ‘Therefore the resultant force and hence acceleration acl upwards, in the direction of air resistance. A changeinspeed 60-0 _ 0.1 CCEA eee gS aE resultant force = mass x acceleration = 240000 x 0.1 = 24000 N D ‘The total downward force exerted on the wall by the bracket is 20 N + 80 N = 100 N, hence from newion's third Jaw we can deduce that the force exerted by the wall on the bracket must be 100 N as well. c Initially, the only force acting on the skydiver is his weight, which causes him to accelerate downwards. Hence, his velocity increases which in turn causes air resistance to increase. Air resistance increases until it becomes, equal to his weight, which causes the resultant force to become zero, and hence the acceleration becomes zero and velocity becomes constant. This constant velocity is known as terminal velocity. A ‘The resultant force decreases with time and eventually becomes zero, so the acceleration is also decreasing with time fo eventually become zero. So speed will increase but at a decreasing rate as acceleration is decreasing and eventually become a straight line when acceleration becomes zero and speed becomes constant. c Newtons third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Act on opposite bodies in different ditections. Therefore, if A exerts a force on B, B exerts a force of SN on A. if one force is exerted by the Earth on a man, the reaction force wil be equal and exerted on the man by the Earth. Hence, P and § are correct since they are in opposite directions on the opposite bodies. c We can find the resultant of X and Y using head to tail rule, as seen below. Note that option A shows the resultant. Ce force X C fox OS Or ay Oa force Y @ We need a force that balances the resultant soit must have the same magne (enh of arrow) but bein the opposite direction as the resultant, like in option C, Be SS c ow a, Using head to tall rule, we can move the 3N force to the right, So tha ils tail mgBIs the head of the 4N force, and hence they are arranged according to the head to tail rule. For the fésbitantwe can draw a line joining the tail of 4.0N to the head of 3.0N force. The resultant will not follow the jjead ‘ot rule. I's head will meet the head of 3.0N force and its tail will meet the tail of the 4.0N force, as in G55” L<.Physics O Level P-t Classified 25. 26. 2. 28. 29, 30. 50 1.5: Answers section Read and Write Publications D Mass cannot be changed. Shape can be changed by applying a force, e.g., an empty soda can be crushed by hand. Force can change velocity because F = m x a, so force changes acceleration, which changes velocity. Volume can also be changed by applying a force, since gases can be compressed. Force changes pressure Force ‘rea since Pressure = D To find the resultant we use the head to tail ule. Hence, we arrange the forces so that the head of one meats the tail of the other, without changing their direction, and then draw the resultant (dotted line) from the tail on one end to the head of the other, with the resultant’s head meeting the head of one force and it's tail meeting ‘he tail of the other. Comparing our resultant (the dotted line) with the options, A and D have the same length but D has the correct direction. and pressure x volume = constant and, hence pressure in turn changes volume, c For the resultant is 30 N10 N~ 10 N = 40 Nto the right For B the resultantis 10 N +10 N~10N = 10 Nto the right For C the resullantis 30 N—-5 N—5 N= ON to the left For D the resultant is 5 N+ 5N+5N=15N to the left C has the largest magnitude (20 N). D Mass cannot be changed. Shape can be changed by applying a force, e.g., an empty soda can be crushed by hand. Force can change velocity because F = m x 2, 50 force changes acceleration, which changes velocity. ‘Volume can also be changed by applying a force, since gases can be compressed. Force changes pressure Force Area since Pressure B Vertically, a force of 2 N is acting upwards and a force of 2 Nis acting downwards and the resultant is 2 N~2.N = ON. Horizontally, a force of 8 Nis acting to the left and a force of 4 N is acting to the right, so the resultant is 8 N-4N=4N, c Newtons third law if for forces. The unit for force is N(Newton). and pressure x volume = constant and, hence pressure in turn changes volume.