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NCERT-Class-11-Economics-Chapter-5-YouTube-Lecture-Handouts

The document discusses Human Capital Formation in India, emphasizing the importance of education and health in enhancing economic growth and productivity. It outlines the sources of human capital, the role of government expenditure, and the need for investment in education and health to improve labor productivity. Additionally, it highlights the disparities in education and employment rates, particularly among different demographics, and the ongoing challenges in achieving universal education.

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4 views

NCERT-Class-11-Economics-Chapter-5-YouTube-Lecture-Handouts

The document discusses Human Capital Formation in India, emphasizing the importance of education and health in enhancing economic growth and productivity. It outlines the sources of human capital, the role of government expenditure, and the need for investment in education and health to improve labor productivity. Additionally, it highlights the disparities in education and employment rates, particularly among different demographics, and the ongoing challenges in achieving universal education.

Uploaded by

pandeyshourya000
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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4/3/24, 2:03 PM NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

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NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube


Lecture Handouts
Get video tutorial on: Examrace YouTube Channel [https://www.youtube.com/c/Examrace]
NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BSkamH8TS4]

What Evolved Mankind?


Our ability to store and transmit knowledge by conversation and lectures – we require a deal of training and skill
Labor skill of educated person is more than uneducated person – he can generate more income and his contribution to
economic growth is higher
Education gives:
Better social standing
Better choices in life
Provide knowledge to understand the changes in society
Stimulates innovations
Adoption of new technologies
Accelerate developmental process

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4/3/24, 2:03 PM NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

Human Capital
Competent people who have themselves been educated and trained as professors or professionals
Physical resource like land to physical capital like factories. Ownership of physical capital is the outcome of the conscious
decision of the owner.
Human resource like students to human capital like doctors and engineers
For human capital depreciation is with age. Human capital benefits owner and society and this is called external benefit.
Physical capital is completely mobile while human capital is not perfectly mobile.
Physical capital is tangible while human capital is intangible (build in body and mind of the owner) .
Physical capital formation can be built by imports while human capital formation by conscious policy formulations.
Physical capital creates only private benefit – benefit from capital good flow to those who pay price for product and services
produced by it.
We need investment in human capital to produce more human capital

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4/3/24, 2:03 PM NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

Sources of Human Capital


Investment in education – aim to increase future income
Investment in health – sick person will have loss in productivity
Preventive medicine (vaccination)
Curative medicine (medical intervention during illness)
Social medicine (spread of health literacy)
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4/3/24, 2:03 PM NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

Provision of clean drinking water


On job training
Training in firm under supervision of skilled workers
Workers send to off campus training
Workers should work for specific period after on job training during which it can recover benefits of enhanced productivity
Migration for better jobs and salaries – involves cost of transport, higher cost of living in the migrated places and psychic costs of
living in a strange sociocultural setup – enhanced earning in new place outweigh migration cost
Information related to labor market, education and health market – level of salary, educational institutions, right job
Spending on education is similar to spending on capital goods to increase future profits
Economic growth means increase in real national income of a country; naturally, the contribution of the educated person to
economic growth is more than that of an illiterate person
Higher productivity leads to better innovation and new technologies.
Education measured in terms of years of schooling, teacher-pupil ratio and enrolment rates may not reflect the quality of
education; health services measured in monetary terms, life expectancy and mortality rates may not reflect the true health status of
the people
Improved health and education shows convergence in measures of human capital but no sign of convergence of per capita real
income
Human capital growth in developing countries has been faster but the growth of per capita real income has not been that fast.
High human capital Higher income
th
7 5 Year Plan: HRD to be assigned key role in development strategy. Trained and educated on sound lines – large population can
become an asset in economic growth & social change
Growth in each sector reinforces growth in another sector
India can grow faster due to strength in human capital formation

Reports
Global Growth Centers report by Deutsche Bank – India will emerge as 4 major growth center by 2020
India and the Knowledge Economy — Leveraging Strengths and Opportunities by World Bank – India should make transition to
knowledge economy & if used to extent of Ireland the Per capita income will increase from $ 1000 in 2002 to $ 3000 in 2020 –
India has a critical mass of skilled workers, well functioned democracy and diversified science
Human capital considers education and health as a means to increase labor productivity.
Human development is based on the idea that education and health are integral to human well-being because only when people
have the ability to read and write and the ability to lead a long and healthy life, they will be able to make other choices which they
value. It considers human beings as end in themselves.
Human capital treats human beings as a means to an end; the end being the increase in productivity.

State of Human Capital Formation in India


Most important is education and health – expenditure on them is carried by 3 tiers of government – both create private and social
benefits
If critical patient is moved to another hospital in that substantial amount of damage has been done
Sometimes providers acquire monopoly and exploit
Organizations like NCERT, UGC, AICTE – education & ICMR for health sector
Basic healthcare and education should be right of citizen – free of cost for deserving citizens & socially oppressed classes
Expenditure by government is expressed as:
% of total government expenditure: importance of education in scheme of things before government
% of GDP: how much income is committed to development of education
Elementary education takes a major share of total education expenditure – we need more teachers who are trained in higher
educational institutions – expense on elementary education is much higher for Himachal Pradesh (₹ 34651) than Bihar (₹ 4088)
Govt. spends less on tertiary education but expenditure per student in tertiary education is higher than the elementary education
Education Commission (1964 – 66) had recommended that at least 6% of GDP be spent on education
Tapas Majumdar Committee (1998) – estimated expense of ₹ 1.37 lakh crore over 10 years
In 2009, GoI enacted the Right of Education Act to make free education fundamental right of all children in the age group of 6 - 14
years
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4/3/24, 2:03 PM NCERT Class 11 Economics Chapter 5: Human Capital Formation in India YouTube Lecture Handouts- Examrace

As per 2018 - 19, we have 2% education cess and 1% secondary and higher education cess
New loan schemes for students
Developments made in adult education, decreasing dropouts, digital awareness
In 1950 – passing of constituent assembly we had idea of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years
within 10 years from the commencement of the Constitution – but is still a distant dream
Difference in male and female literacy rate is declining – positive sign for gender equity
Women education impacts fertility rate and health care of women and children
Education pyramid is steep in India with very few people reaching higher education
NSSO (2011 - 12) – rate of unemployment – 16% (urban) and 19% (rural) ; young rural female graduates (30%) unemployed
while 3 - 6% primary level educated rural youth in rural and urban area were unemployed
India has a rich stock of scientific and technical manpower in the world. The need of the hour is to better it qualitatively.
✍ Manishika

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