Scribd
Upload
5 views

AMS101_QA

The document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in probability and statistics, including definitions of statistics, types of variables, sampling techniques, and scales of measurement. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of primary data collection, components of statistical investigations, and common sampling errors. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data visualization in interpreting data and making informed decisions.

Uploaded by

faizaibrahimsuraw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

AMS101_QA

The document provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in probability and statistics, including definitions of statistics, types of variables, sampling techniques, and scales of measurement. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of primary data collection, components of statistical investigations, and common sampling errors. Additionally, it highlights the importance of data visualization in interpreting data and making informed decisions.

Uploaded by

faizaibrahimsuraw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Comprehensive Questions and Answers on AMS 101: Probability and

Statistics

1. Define the term 'Statistics' and explain its importance.


Statistics is the study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, presenting, and organizing data.
It is important because it helps in decision-making, understanding trends, and solving real-
world problems.

2. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative variables.


Qualitative variables represent non-numerical data and are categorical in nature (e.g.,
gender, color). Quantitative variables represent numerical data that can be measured (e.g.,
height, weight).

3. What are the types of probability sampling techniques?


The types of probability sampling techniques include:
- Simple Random Sampling: Every individual has an equal chance of selection.
- Systematic Sampling: Selecting every nth individual after a random start.
- Stratified Sampling: Dividing the population into strata and sampling from each.
- Cluster Sampling: Selecting entire groups randomly instead of individuals.

4. Explain the main types of scales of measurement.


The scales of measurement include:
- Nominal: Categorizes data without order (e.g., gender).
- Ordinal: Categorizes data with a meaningful order (e.g., education levels).
- Interval: Measures differences without a true zero (e.g., temperature).
- Ratio: Measures differences with a true zero (e.g., weight).

5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of primary data collection.


Advantages:
- Specific to the researcher's needs.
- Data is up-to-date and reliable.

Disadvantages:
- Time-consuming and costly.
- Requires significant effort and expertise.

6. What are the components of a statistical investigation?


The components include:
- Planning the study.
- Collecting data.
- Organizing data.
- Analyzing data.
- Reporting results.

7. Define the term 'Sampling Frame' and state its elements.


A sampling frame is a list or database containing all elements of the population from which
a sample is drawn. Elements include:
- A complete and up-to-date list.
- Clear identification of units.
- Free of duplicates.

8. What are the common errors in sampling?


Common errors include:
- Selection Bias: Sampling method does not represent the population.
- Non-response Bias: Certain groups do not respond.
- Measurement Error: Inaccuracy in data collection methods.
- Overcoverage/Undercoverage: Overrepresentation or underrepresentation of certain
groups.

9. Describe the role of data visualization in statistics.


Data visualization simplifies complex data sets, highlights patterns and trends, makes data
interpretation easier, and supports better decision-making.

10. What is systematic sampling? Provide an example.


Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth element from a population after a random
start. For example, if there are 100 students and a sample of 10 is needed, choose a random
starting point and select every 10th student.

You might also like