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Introduction

This project focuses on conducting a structural audit of the Government Polytechnic Workshop and Hostel buildings, which are over 55 years old and exhibit various defects such as cracks, seepage, and corrosion. The audit aims to identify structural issues, understand their causes, and propose effective remedial measures to ensure safety and longevity. The study will utilize visual inspection and non-destructive testing methods, culminating in a comprehensive report to guide future maintenance and improvements.

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dhawalesamarth
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21 views6 pages

Introduction

This project focuses on conducting a structural audit of the Government Polytechnic Workshop and Hostel buildings, which are over 55 years old and exhibit various defects such as cracks, seepage, and corrosion. The audit aims to identify structural issues, understand their causes, and propose effective remedial measures to ensure safety and longevity. The study will utilize visual inspection and non-destructive testing methods, culminating in a comprehensive report to guide future maintenance and improvements.

Uploaded by

dhawalesamarth
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

➢ Project Title: Case Study of Buildings for Structural Defects ,it's causes and
Remedial Measures
Structural Audit Report for:
• Government Polytechnic Workshop building
• Government polytechnic Hostel building

➢ Why This Project?


Civil engineering structures naturally deteriorate due to aging, environmental factors,
material degradation, and heavy usage.

• Defects can lead to serious structural failures, putting lives and assets at risk.
• A detailed structural audit helps in identifying early signs of deterioration and
planning remedial measures for safe and sustainable infrastructure.
• This project provides hands-on experience in structural analysis, enhancing our
understanding of different types of defects, their causes, and their impact on
buildings.
• It enables us to apply theoretical knowledge in a real-world scenario, improving
our skills in visual inspection, testing methods, and defect classification.
• By working on this project, we gain insights into modern techniques for
structural assessment, such as non-destructive testing (NDT), and understand
how preventive maintenance strategies can extend a building's lifespan.
• This study also develops our problem-solving abilities, allowing us to propose
cost-effective remedial measures for structural issues.
• Ultimately, this project helps us prepare for future careers in civil engineering
by equipping us with practical knowledge essential for structural auditing and
maintenance.

➢ What We Are Doing in This Project?

• We are conducting a detailed structural audit to assess the condition of an aging


building.
• Our focus is on identifying structural defects, understanding their root causes,
and proposing effective remedial measures.
• We are utilizing visual inspection and non-destructive testing (NDT) methods
to evaluate structural integrity.
• The study involves collecting data on cracks, seepage, corrosion, and foundation
settlement, and suggesting appropriate repair techniques.

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• The project will result in a comprehensive audit report that will guide future
maintenance and safety improvements.

➢ Why GPK Hostel Building and Workshop?

• The GPK Hostel and Workshop buildings are over 55 years old and have
undergone significant wear and tear.
• Multiple visible defects such as structural cracks, seepage, corrosion, and
settlement have been observed.
• These buildings house students and staff, making structural safety a priority.
• Conducting this audit helps in assessing the current structural health and
proposing solutions for long-term maintenance.

➢ Work Done in CPP Report (Previous Semester)

• Conducted preliminary analysis of different types of structural defects observed


in civil engineering structures.
• Performed visual inspection and documented defects in walls, beams, columns,
and slabs.
• Studied various literature sources to understand causes and remedial measures.
• Identified common failure patterns in structures with similar characteristics.
• Proposed initial preventive measures for major structural issues.

➢ Plan for Final Semester CPE Report

• Perform detailed non-destructive testing (NDT) to assess structural integrity.


• Identify critical defects that require urgent attention.
• Recommend appropriate remedial measures for each defect.
• Suggest preventive maintenance strategies to improve durability.
• Prepare a comprehensive audit report with recommendations for repair and
rehabilitation.

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➢ Defects Observed in Buildings (Workshop and Hostel Building)
-General Defects Observed in Buildings

1) Cracks in Structural Elements


• Observed in: Beams, columns, slabs, and walls.
• Types:
o Hairline cracks due to shrinkage and temperature variations.
o Diagonal cracks indicating excessive shear stress.
o Vertical cracks in columns due to poor load distribution.
o Cracks in plaster due to poor workmanship and thermal expansion.
• Causes:
o Overloading beyond design capacity.
o Differential settlement of the foundation.
o Inadequate curing during construction.
o Poor quality materials.
• Impact:
o Weakens the structural integrity.
o Allows water seepage, accelerating corrosion of reinforcement.
o Leads to aesthetic and functional deterioration.

2) Seepage and Dampness


• Observed in: Walls, floors, roofs, and basements.
• Causes:
o Poor waterproofing during construction.
o Leakage in plumbing systems.
o Capillary rise of groundwater.
o Cracks in external walls allowing rainwater penetration.
• Impact:
o Weakens the concrete and steel reinforcements.
o Encourages fungal and mold growth.
o Reduces indoor air quality and hygiene.

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3) Corrosion of Reinforcement
• Observed in: Beams, slabs, and columns.
• Causes:
o Continuous exposure to moisture and water seepage.
o Poor quality concrete cover over reinforcement bars.
o Chemical reactions with construction materials.
• Impact:
o Loss of bonding between reinforcement and concrete.
o Reduction in load-bearing capacity.
o Increased risk of structural failure.

4) Foundation Settlement
• Observed in: Load-bearing walls, floors, and columns.
• Causes:
o Weak soil conditions leading to uneven settlement.
o Poor compaction during construction.
o Heavy structural loads exceeding soil bearing capacity.
• Impact:
o Uneven floors and misalignment of doors/windows.
o Structural cracks and instability.
o Long-term maintenance challenges.

5) Roofing and Ceiling Defects


• Observed in: Hostel building roofs and ceilings.
• Common Issues:
o Leakage due to improper waterproofing.
o Sagging of ceiling due to heavy loads or aging materials.
o Peeling of plaster and paint due to moisture retention.
• Impact:
o Weakens the roofing system.
o Increases risk of collapse.
o Affects aesthetic appeal and indoor comfort.

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6) Flooring Defects
• Observed in: Hostel and workshop building floors.
• Common Issues:
o Uneven flooring due to subgrade settlement.
o Cracking and chipping of tiles.
o Water accumulation causing slipperiness.
• Impact:
o Safety hazards for occupants.
o Requires frequent repairs and replacements.

7) Defective Plastering and Paintwork


• Observed in: Internal and external walls.
• Causes:
o Poor material quality and workmanship.
o Moisture infiltration leading to peeling and bubbling.
o Frequent temperature fluctuations causing expansion and contraction.
• Impact:
o Reduces the lifespan of the building.
o Creates an unpleasant appearance.

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➢ Key Achievements in CPP Report

• Conducted visual inspections and documented defects in structural


components.
• Studied causes of common defects in aging buildings.
• Proposed initial preventive measures for deterioration.

➢ Future Scope in Final Report (CPE Report)


• Perform detailed structural analysis with testing techniques such as:
o Ultrasonic pulse velocity test for crack depth assessment.
o Rebound hammer test for concrete strength evaluation.
• Propose cost-effective repair solutions for identified defects.
• Recommend long-term maintenance strategies for durability.
• Compile finalized structural audit report with comprehensive remedial
measures.
By identifying and addressing these defects, we aim to enhance the safety,
stability, and longevity of the GPK Hostel and Workshop buildings.

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