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Module 12 Physical Development of Infants and Toddlers

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Therencio Gonzales
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15 views23 pages

Module 12 Physical Development of Infants and Toddlers

Credit to the owner

Uploaded by

Therencio Gonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Outcomes

• Trace the physical development that you have gone


through as infants and toddlers

• Identify factors that enhance or impede the


physical development of infants and toddlers

• Present your own or others research on the physical


development of infants and toddlers

• Draw implications of these principles and processes


to child care, education and parenting
What is the difference
between infant and
toddler?

An Infant is a baby under Toddlers is a young


one year old child over one year of
age to three years old
Physical Development

Introduction
We have just traced the developmental process before
birth. We shall continue to trace the developmental process
by following the infant or the baby who is just born up to
when he/she reaches age 2. The period that comes after
pre-natal or antenatal stage is infancy which in turn is
followed by toddlerhood. Infancy and toddlerhood span the
first two years of life.
• Cephalocaudal Trend
• Proximodistal Trend
❑ Is the post-natal growth
from conception to 5
months when the head
grows more than the body.

❑ Infants learn to use their


upper limbs first than the
lower limbs.
❑Is the pre-natal growth from
conception to 5 months to
birth when the fetus grows
from the inside of the body.

❑Maturation of muscular
control of the trunk and
arms, followed by hands and
fingers.
❑It was normal for newborn babies to drop 5 to
10 percent of their body weight within a couple
of weeks of birth.
❑Breastfed babies are typically heavier than
bottle-fed babies through the first six months.

❑In general, infants length increases by about


30 percent in the first five months.
❑Among the dramatic changes in the brain
the first two years of life are the spreading
connection of dendrites to each other.

❑Myelination or Myelinization the process


by which the axons are covered and
insulated by layers of fat cells.
❑At birth, the newborn’s brain is about 25 percent of its
adult weight. By the second birthday the brain is about
75 percent of its adult weight.
❑Shortly after birth, a baby’s brain produces trillions
more connections between neurons that it can
possibly use.
❑The infants brain is literally waiting for experiences to
determine how connections are made.
❑Depressed brain activity has been found in children
who grew up in a depressed environment.
❑Is the physical growth and
strengthening of a child’s bone and
muscles.

❑Along this aspect of motor


development, infants and toddlers
begin from reflexes, to gross motor
skills and fine motor skills.
❑ This serves as survival
mechanism before they have sucking
the opportunity to learn. curling

❑ Some of the reflexes are


sucking, rooting, gripping, rooting
curling, startle, gallant and startle
tonic neck reflex.

gripping gallant
Tonic neck reflex
❑Gross Motor Skills

Shown in babies unable to even


lift their heads to being able to
grab things off the cabinet, to
chase the ball and to walk away
from parent.
❑Fine Motor Skills
Are skills that involved a refine use of the
small muscles controlling the hand, fingers
and thumb.

Development of this skills allows one to be


able to complete tasks such as writing,
drawing and buttoning.
❑Newborn’s vision was about 10 to 30 times
lower than normal adult vision.
❑Sense of hearing in an infant develops much
before the birth of the baby.
❑Required several days of experience to recognize
their mother’s breast odor
❑Newborns feel pain.
Infants and Toddlers Can
Do Physically
2 months
• Holds head up when on tummy
• Makes smoother movements with arms and legs
• Relaxes hands from fists for short periods
• Grasps adult finger
• Kicks legs and wave arms while on back
• Primitive reflexes present, including the rooting
and sucking reflex
4 months
• Holds head steady without support
• Brings hands to midline when laying on
back
• Holds and shakes toys; swings at
dangling toys
• Brings hands to mouth
• Pushes up on elbows when lying on
tummy
6 months
• Rolls from tummy to back & may
begin rolling from back to tummy
• Pushes arms straight when on tummy
• Begins to sit with support
• Supports weight on legs when
standing with support
• Holds a toy in both hands at once
9 months
• Sits without support
• Moves into sitting position without support
• Transfers items from one hand to another
• Stands, holding on to adult or furniture for support
• Squats to pick up a toy while holding onto
furniture Picks up a toy using fingertips and thumb
(pincer grasp)
• Picks up a toy using fingertips and thumb (pincer
grasp)
12 months

• Pulls up to stand and walks along furniture for


support (“cruising”)
• May take a few steps without support of an
adult or furniture
• May stand alone
• Throws a ball with forward arm motion
• Drinks from a cup without a lid with adult
support
15 months 2 Years
• Takes a few steps • Kicks a ball
independently • Walks up and down
• Crawls over obstacles; stairs while holding on
including stairs for support
• Feeds themselves finger • Turns doorknobs
foods • Strings small items onto
• Stacks several blocks string or shoelace
• Makes marks on paper • Runs
using a crayon • Jumps with feet together
Presented by

ANA ROSE R. MATALIPNE


MARY LOU FLORIDO
THANK YOU
HAVE A NICE DAY ☺

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