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Image Processing involves techniques to enhance and analyze images, classified into low, mid, and high-level processing. In contrast, Computer Vision is a field of AI focused on interpreting visual data for decision-making. While Image Processing modifies images, Computer Vision extracts insights, with applications in various industries driven by advancements in AI.

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6 views

Unit_4_Notes_1

Image Processing involves techniques to enhance and analyze images, classified into low, mid, and high-level processing. In contrast, Computer Vision is a field of AI focused on interpreting visual data for decision-making. While Image Processing modifies images, Computer Vision extracts insights, with applications in various industries driven by advancements in AI.

Uploaded by

tanusinghh03
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Image Processing vs.

Computer Vision: Detailed


Explanation
Instructor: Jaskirat Singh

1 What is Image Processing?


Image Processing is a technique used to perform operations on images to enhance, manipulate, or
analyze them. It involves applying mathematical and algorithmic operations to digital images to
extract useful information or improve visual quality. Image Processing can be broadly classified
into:

• Low-Level Processing – Operations that involve basic transformations such as filtering,


noise removal, and contrast enhancement.
• Mid-Level Processing – Feature extraction techniques such as edge detection and seg-
mentation.
• High-Level Processing – Advanced tasks like object recognition, pattern recognition,
and image classification (overlapping with computer vision).

1.1 Types of Image Processing


Image Processing can be divided into two categories:
1. Analog Image Processing – Used for processing photographs, printed images, and X-ray
films using optical and electronic means.
2. Digital Image Processing – Deals with digital images using computer algorithms. It is
the most commonly used approach today.

2 Key Techniques in Image Processing


2.1 Image Enhancement
Used to improve the quality of an image by increasing contrast, removing noise, or sharpening
details.
• Histogram Equalization – Improves image contrast by spreading intensity values across
a wider range.

1
• Noise Reduction – Removes unwanted noise from an image using filters like Gaussian,
Median, and Bilateral filters.
• Sharpening and Smoothing – Laplacian and Unsharp Masking enhance image details.

2.2 Image Restoration


Aims to recover an original image from a degraded version.
• De-blurring – Used to correct motion blur using deconvolution techniques.
• Inpainting – Fills missing parts of an image using AI-based techniques.

2.3 Image Segmentation


Divides an image into meaningful regions.
• Thresholding – Converts an image into binary based on intensity levels.
• Edge-based Segmentation – Uses edge detection techniques like Canny or Sobel filters.
• Region-based Segmentation – Uses techniques like Watershed Segmentation.

3 What is Computer Vision?


Computer Vision is a field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that enables machines to interpret,
analyze, and make decisions based on visual data, similar to how humans perceive the world. It
focuses on extracting meaningful information from images or videos to automate decision-making.

3.1 Major Areas of Computer Vision


1. Object Detection – Identifying objects in an image (e.g., YOLO, SSD, Faster R-CNN).
2. Image Classification – Assigning labels to an image (e.g., ResNet, VGG).
3. Image Segmentation – Dividing an image into regions (e.g., U-Net, Mask R-CNN).
4. Facial Recognition – Identifying individuals based on facial features.
5. Pose Estimation – Identifying human or object poses in images or videos.
6. Scene Understanding – Analyzing entire scenes, such as self-driving cars detecting pedes-
trians and traffic signs.

4 Differences Between Image Processing and Computer


Vision
5 Conclusion
Image Processing and Computer Vision are closely related but serve different purposes. Image
Processing is primarily about modifying or improving images, while Computer Vision is about
interpreting images to extract insights. With advancements in AI and Deep Learning, Computer
Vision is playing a crucial role in industries like healthcare, automotive, security, and more,
making machines capable of understanding and interacting with the visual world.

2
Feature Image Processing Computer Vision
Definition Manipulating and enhancing im- Understanding and interpreting
ages to improve their quality or images to make decisions.
extract features.
Focus Low-level operations (e.g., filter- High-level understanding (e.g.,
ing, edge detection). object recognition, scene analy-
sis).
Output Processed images, extracted fea- Decisions, classifications, object
tures. recognition, or descriptions.
Techniques Used Filtering, transformations, Deep learning, feature extrac-
thresholding. tion, machine learning.
Example Enhancing an MRI scan for bet- Detecting tumors from MRI
ter visibility. scans.

Table 1: Comparison between Image Processing and Computer Vision

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