.

Exploring the impact of time management towards the academic of senior high
school working students of Assumption college of Davao

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

GRADE 11 - MICAH

Neyrei, Maechaela S.

Angeles, Jhondale

Cabeza, James

Canteros, Andrie Jay

Tan, Kyrbie Clyde

April 2025
 Chapter I

Introduction

This chapter describes the background of the study, statement of the problem,

significance of the study, scope and delimitation, theoretical lens, and definition of

terms.

Background of the study

All societies have used education as the tool for national progress. At the same

time, students’ academic accomplishment has a potential effect on their career

progression. The student's academic performance can be affected directly by the top

factors. However, according to extensive examinations of literature from previous

studies, researchers argued that external motivation and time management have a

relatively greater impact on students' academic performance. As for this study, the

quantitative questionnaire survey method was used" (Hamzah et al., 2014).

Furthermore Balacuit, and Lopio, (2022). entitled Working while studying: the

academic challenges of working scholars. Success in tertiary education relies not just

on intelligence but also on self-discipline, diligence, and determination (Balacuit and

Lopio, 2022). This study explores the academic challenges faced by working scholars at

Northeastern Mindanao State University (NEMSU) in the Philippines, focusing on

financial, social, psychological, teacher-related, and classroom environment factors.

 Additionally According to Ann, (2023). The Influence of the Aspects of the

Personality to the Academic. This study explored the impact of personality aspects on

academic procrastination among students from selected colleges in Tagum City. The

objectives included evaluating personality aspects in terms of cognitive functions,

affective states, and behavioral traits; assessing the extent of academic procrastination

across studying for exams, completing assignments and requirements, participating in

school activities, and willingness to change procrastination habits.

A quantitative correlational research design was employed, involving 373 students from

selected colleges. Statistical analyses, including Mean, Pearson’s r correlation, and

Linear Regression Analysis, were utilized. Findings revealed that both personality

aspects and academic procrastination levels were high. Additionally, Pearson’s r

correlation analysis indicated a strong, significant relationship between personality

aspects and academic procrastination, with an r-value of 0.800. Linear regression

analysis further confirmed that personality aspects significantly influence academic

procrastination, with a p-value of <0.001. Moreover, all domains of personality aspects

were found to have a significant impact on academic procrastination.

Statement of the Problem

Time management is a critical factor influencing students' academic success and

overall well-being. Several studies have explored its impact on students' performance,

stress levels, and ability to balance academic and personal responsibilities.

Furthermore Wolters and Brady (2020) Despite the recognized importance of

time management, much research has lacked a comprehensive theoretical model

linking it to student achievement and learning. This study emphasizes that self-

regulated learning provides a strong conceptual framework for understanding time

management among college students. The authors argue that time management should

be examined through various phases of forethought, performance, and post-

performance to fully grasp its implications for academic success.

Working while studying is fundamentally driven by budgetary needs: to cover

setbacks in different types of student support, to top up income for a better student

experience, or to contribute toward future goals. It also enables students to share

responsibility for their study costs, provides a sense of financial independence, and

develops skills in managing finances. This new work builds on findings from the SIES to

gain a deeper understanding of the motivations to work, the nature of work undertaken,

and the challenges and benefits of working while studying in higher education (HE)

(Williams, 2014).
In conclusion, existing literature suggests that time management plays a vital role in

students' academic success. However, further research is needed to explore the

contextual factors influencing students' time management behaviors and the long-term

effects on their academic and personal growth (Wolters and Brady, (2020).

This study aims to investigate the impact of time management on senior high school

working students at Assumption College of Davao. It seeks to determine how time

management practices affect their academic performance, work responsibilities, and

their mental health. The study will also identify the challenges they encounter in

balancing school and work and explore strategies they use to manage their time

effectively. Understanding these factors will provide insights into improving time

management skills to enhance both academic success and work efficiency. The

purpose of this phenomenological study is to explore and understand the impact of time

management on senior high school working students at Assumption College of Davao.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. How does time management affect the academic performance of senior high school

working students?

2. What strategies do working students use to balance their job responsibilities and

academic workload?

3. What challenges do they face in managing their time effectively, and how do these

challenges influence their academic success

Significance of the Study

For the School Administration. This study can help the school create rules and

programs that support working students. It will help them understand the struggles

students face in balancing school and work, so they can make learning easier and more

effective.

For the Teachers. This study will help teachers understand the challenges of working

students. With this knowledge, they can adjust their teaching methods, offer guidance,

and be more considerate of students who have jobs.

For the Students. This research can help working students manage their time better.

By learning how to balance school, work, and personal life, they can reduce stress,

improve their grades, and still have time to rest.

For Future Researchers. Future researchers can use this study as a guide for their

own research about time management. It can help them find new ways to support

students who are juggling school and work.

Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to explore the time management among the strategies of

employed working students to balance their academic responsibilities and work

commitments. It will focus on understanding the challenges faced by these students in

allocating time between work, study, and personal life. Additionally, it will examine the

impact of effective time management on their academic performance and overall well-

being. HOW MANY PARTICIPANTS?, 10-15 PATICIPANTS

 To Achieve this goal, The research will concentrate and focus more on Senior

High School students who experienced time management practices during the

academic year, excluding holidays or summer breaks. However, it will not delve into the

personal or financial motivations for working while studying but will focus solely on time

management strategies and their impact.

Theoretical Lens

This study is based on Macan et al.'s Time Management Theory (1990), which

explains that managing time well can help students feel more in control, reduce stress,

and improve their performance in school and work. According to Macan and her team,

students who plan their tasks, set goals, and organize their schedules tend to do better

in both their studies and jobs. This idea helps us understand why time management is

so important for working students who have to balance many responsibilities.

Another helpful idea is Jeremy Wright’s Pickle Jar Theory (2002). This theory

compares time management to filling a jar with rocks, pebbles, and sand. The rocks

represent the most important tasks, the pebbles are less important but still necessary,

and the sand represents small, everyday distractions. If we don’t put the big rocks in

first, the jar will fill up with the smaller things, leaving no space for what truly matters.

For working students, this means they need to focus on their most important school and

work tasks first before spending time on less important activities.

 By using these theories, this study will explore how good time management can

help working students at Assumption College of Davao handle their studies and jobs

while taking care of themselves.

Definition of Terms

1. Time Management is the process of planning and exercising conscious control over

time spent on specific activities to increase effectiveness, efficiency, and productivity.

2. Impact the effect or influence that one factor has on another, in this case, how time

management affects senior high school working students.

3. Working Students who balance academic responsibilities while engaging in part-

time or full-time work to support their education or personal needs.

4. Academic Achievement academic Achievements describes Academic outcomes

that indicate the extent to which a student has achieved their learning goals.
 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Time Management

Time management is the coordination of tasks and activities aimed at maximizing

the effectiveness of an individual’s efforts. According to Lutkevich and Wigmore (2022),

the purpose of time management is to enable people to accomplish more and better

work in less time. Key elements of time management include organization, planning,

and scheduling, which help individuals make the best use of the time available.

Therefore, Nagender Yadav et al. (2015) stated that effective time management

depends on self-regulation and adaptability, helping individuals optimize time use.

Furthermore, Macan, (2015) The study tested a time management model with

353 employees and found that time management behaviors reduce job tension and

increase satisfaction but do not significantly improve job performance. Additionally,

Antipolo (2021) study examines time management among working students, an area

with limited research despite extensive studies on time management’s impact on job

performance. Effective time management is crucial for balancing academic and work

responsibilities. Results indicate that time management training can improve the student

success rate. Egger and Wagner (2019) time management in complex organizations,

specifically in scheduling surgeries at a large clinic. It suggests that using information

technology can improve how resources are managed by offering a unified view of

scheduling challenges and enhancing coordination.

Causes of Poor Time Management

Internet addiction harms time management by promoting procrastination, social

media distractions, and disorganization, which ultimately leads to poor academic

performance (Siddiqi et al. 2015). Similarly, Reyes et al. (2021) links the lack of clear

priorities to ineffective time use. Furthermore, manizheh.alami (2016) Poor academic

performance is a concern in non-English speaking countries like Oman, where students

have limited English exposure before college. A study at Salalah College of Technology

analyzed 151 essays, identifying student-related factors as the most significant

influence on academic achievement, while teacher-related factors had the least impact.

Additionally, Falilat, and Okesina. (2019) The study is to investigate the causes

of poor study habits among primary school students in Nigeria, as perceived by their

teachers. It examines factors such as parental involvement, educational background,

and student behavior, while also analyzing differences in teachers' perceptions based

on gender and work experience. The study ultimately aims to provide recommendations

for improving student study habits, including the implementation of school counseling

services.
Effects of Poor Time Management

Poor time management increases stress, reduces productivity, and lowers

performance. According to Lopez (2018), it leads to task overload, missed deadlines,

and poor-quality work, all of which negatively affect mental and physical health.

Moreover, González Hernández et al., (2018) Poor time management affects people

across all ages and professions, leading to stress, low productivity, and feeling

overwhelmed. Though seemingly simple, ineffective time management can disrupt

work, personal life, and education. This article explores its causes, consequences, and

strategies for improvement.

Furthermore, Khalid (2019) The construction industry plays a vital role in

economic growth by generating wealth and employment. However, many projects face

significant delays and cost overruns due to poor planning and management, leading to

low client satisfaction. Additional Shazia Nasrullah et al., (2015) The research explores

the link between time management skills and students academic achievement. Effective

time management enhances performance and well-being, while poor management

harms academics. Data from Qurtuba University students was analyzed to evaluate

their time management effectiveness.

Similarly, Alyami et al. (2021) Studies show that poor time management

negatively impacts academic performance, leading to increased stress, procrastination,

and inadequate preparation. Research from 2021 found that students with weak time

management skills often experience higher stress and lower academic achievement.
Ways to Improve Time Management

This study explores coaching methods and interventions for addressing

imbalances in clients' time perspectives, offering a fresh approach to managing time-

related challenges, based on time perspective theory (Boniwell et al. 2014). The theory

identifies five perspectives: Past Negative, Past Positive, Present Fatalistic, Present

Hedonistic, and Future. Through a literature review and practical experience, the study

selects coaching techniques to address these different time perspectives. Moreover,

Bregman, P. (2014, July 23) The study highlights the pitfalls of multitasking through a

personal anecdote. The author, despite advocating against multitasking, attempts to

send an email during a conference call, leading to multiple mistakes and missed

information.

Similarly, the study by Zimmerman and Schunk (2015) emphasizes that

developing metacognitive strategies, such as self-monitoring and self-reflection, can

help individuals assess their time management habits and make necessary adjustments

to improve academic and professional performance.

Furthermore, Claessens et al. (2014) The study found that structured planning,

including digital time management tools and scheduling systems, improves task

completion and reduces stress. Additionally, Derri, et al. (2014). This study explored the

impact of a short-term training program on in-service physical education teachers'

behavior and student engagement.

Synthesis of the RRL

From the reviewed literature, it is evident that effective time management plays a

crucial role in enhancing productivity and reducing stress. The common barriers to

proper time management include procrastination, distractions, and a lack of

organization. On the other hand, implementing effective strategies such as time-

blocking and goal setting can significantly improve time management skills.
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