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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure - Short Notes - Arjuna Neet 2.0 2025 (Inorganic Chemistry)

The document provides an overview of chemical bonding and molecular structure, detailing the types of chemical bonds, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, as well as various intermolecular forces. It also discusses the properties of ionic compounds and hybridization types, including their geometries and examples. Key concepts such as bond strength, melting points, and conductivity in different states are highlighted.

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25 views4 pages

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure - Short Notes - Arjuna Neet 2.0 2025 (Inorganic Chemistry)

The document provides an overview of chemical bonding and molecular structure, detailing the types of chemical bonds, including ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds, as well as various intermolecular forces. It also discusses the properties of ionic compounds and hybridization types, including their geometries and examples. Key concepts such as bond strength, melting points, and conductivity in different states are highlighted.

Uploaded by

lilcitieknow4575
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

SHORT NOTES
Chemical Bond
The force of attraction which hold together atom, molecule or ions with in chemical species.
It is always exothermic process.
Type of Interactions in Molecules
8 kJ/mol 42 kJ/mol

Chemical bond
Vander Waal's force Hydrogen Bond or
Strong bond

1. Dipole-Dipole (Keesome) 1. Intermolecular hydrogen 1. Ionic bond


2. Dipole-induce dipole bond 2. Covalent bond
(Debye) 2. Intramolecular hydrogen 3. Co-ordinate bond
3. Instantaneous dipole-induce bond 4. Metallic bond
dipole (london)
4. Ion-dipole
5. Ion-induced dipole
Properties of Ionic Compound General
Properties
Hard, Solid, Brittle (strong electrostatic attraction between ions)
Non directional nature (ionic compound do not exhibit stereo isomerism)
Higher Melting Point / Boiling Point
Isomorphism: MgSO4. 7H2O; ZnSO4. 7H2O; FeSO4. 7H2O
SpecificProperties

Conductivity Solubility Covalent Character

Molten state Aqueous medium

Ionic conduction Ionic mobility


Ionic radius Ionic radius
Eg. : LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl Hyd. radius: Cs <<< Li+(aq)
+

Ionic Radius: Li+ <<< Cs+ conductance: LiCl < NaCl < KCl < RbCl <
Conductance: CsCl < RbCl < KCl < NaCl < LiCl CsCl
Hybridisation
Table : Hybridisation and geometry
S.No. Type or orbital No. of hybrid orbital 3D orientation Example
1. one s + one p 2; sp Linear BeH2, BeCl2
2. one s + two p 3; sp2 Triangular BCl3, BF3
1
3. one s + three p 4; sp3 Tetrahedral CH4, CCl4
4. one s + three p 5; Triangular PCl5
+ one d sp3d bipyramidal
5. one s + three p 6; Octahedral SF6
+ two d sp3d2
6. one s + three p 7; Pentagonal IF7
+ three d sp3d3 bipyramidal

Type of Hybridisation &


Possible Structure
Table : Hybridi sation and Shape
Type of No. No. Shape Examples
Hybridisation of of
B.P. L.P
.
1. sp- 2 - Lin ea r BeF2, CO2, CS2, BeCl2
hybridisation
2. (a) sp2- 3 - Tri go na l
hybridisati 2 1 V-s ha p planar BF3, AlCl3, BeF3–
on (b) sp2- e,
hybridisati Angul NO2–, SO2, O3
on ar
3. (a) sp3- 4 0 Tet ra he dral CH4, CCl4, PCl4+, ClO4–,
hybridisation NH4+,
3 1 Pyr a mi dal BF4–1, SO4–2, AlCl4–,
3
(b) sp -
hybridisation NH3, PF3, ClO3–, H3O+, PCl3,
2 2 V-s ha gu pe XeO3,
An la
r N(CH3)3, CH3–
(c) sp3-
hybridisation
H2O, H2S, NH2–, OF2, Cl2O2,
SF2,
I 3+
4. (a) sp3d- 5 – Tri na l bipyramidal PCl5, SOF4, AsF5
hybridisatio 4 1 See- w, folded square SF4, PF4–, AsF4–
3
tetr e distorted
n (b) sp d-
3 2 Al stdral SbF4–, XeO2F2
hybridisatio r T-shape
2 3 Lin ClF3, ICl3
n
I3–, Br3–, ICl2–, XeF2

(c) sp3d-
hybridisation go
(d) sp3d- Sa
hybridisation ah
mo
ea

5. (a) sp3d2- 6 – Sq ua ua ah ua re bipyramidal/octahedral PCl6–, SF6


hybridisation 5 1 Sq re pyramidal/distorted
XeOF4, ClF5, SF5–,
(b) sp3d2- oct ed ral
hybridisation 4 2 Sq re plan
ar XeF+5, XeF4
(c) sp3d2-
hybridisation
y z

2
3

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