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The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in electrical engineering, including definitions of electrical networks, circuits, active and passive elements, electric current, potential difference, electric power, and Ohm's Law. It also discusses sign conventions for active and passive elements and lists recommended textbooks and references for further study. The content is aimed at students in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering.

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4 views

1

The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in electrical engineering, including definitions of electrical networks, circuits, active and passive elements, electric current, potential difference, electric power, and Ohm's Law. It also discusses sign conventions for active and passive elements and lists recommended textbooks and references for further study. The content is aimed at students in the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering.

Uploaded by

singhekas0202
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Vadhiraj K P P
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Network Terminology & Basic Concepts

Vadhiraj K P P
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Network Terminology

Electrical Network:

An interconnection of electrical elements.

Electrical Circuit:

An electrical network with at least one source and


a sink and having a closed path for current flow.
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Network Terminology

Active Element:

An element which supplies or delivers energy in an


electrical network.
Eg: Voltage Sources & Current Sources

Passive Element:

An element which absorbs or stores energy in an


electrical network.
Eg: Resistors, Inductors & Capacitors
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Electric Current
An electric current is defined as the rate of flow of charges
across the cross section of a conductor.

Q dq
It is given by, I = (or) i =
t dt

It is measured in Amperes (A) & 1 Ampere = 1 Coulomb/sec


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Potential Difference
The energy required to move unit positive charge from one terminal to
another is defined as the potential difference between the terminals.

W
It is given by, V =
Q

It is measured in Volts (V) & 1 Volt = 1 Joule/Coulomb


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Double Subscript Notation for Voltage

(a) (b) (c)

VAB = 5V VAB = -5V VAB = 5V


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Electric Power
The rate of absorption or delivery of Electrical energy is called Electrical
Power.

It is given by, P = V*I

It is measured in Watts (W) & 1 Watt = (1 Volt)*(1 Ampere)


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Ohm’s Law

At a constant temperature, the potential difference across the


terminals of a conductor is directly proportional to the current
flowing through it.
i.e., V I
V = R*I

Here, R is the electrical resistance of the conductor.


It is measured in Ohms (Ω) and 1 Ohm = 1 Volt/Ampere
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Ohm’s Law

Resistance of a conductor is the opposition offered to the flow of


current through it.

It depends on the resistivity of the material & its dimensions.


ρ𝑙
i.e., R =
𝐴
Where, ρ is the resistivity measured in Ohm-m

1
Conductance, G =
𝑅

It is measured in Siemens (S)


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Active and Passive Sign Conventions
Active sign convention:
Applicable to active elements
It says “current leaves positive terminal in an active element”.

Passive Sign Convention:


Applicable to passive elements
It says “current enters positive terminal in a passive element”.
ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Text Book & References
Text Book:

“Electrical and Electronic Technology” E. Hughes (Revised by J. Hiley, K.


Brown & I.M Smith), 11th Edition, Pearson Education, 2012.

Reference Books:

1. “Basic Electrical Engineering”, K Uma Rao, Pearson Education, 2011.


2. “Basic Electrical Engineering - Revised Edition”, D. C. Kulshreshta,
Tata- McGraw-Hill, 2012.
3. “Engineering Circuit Analysis”, William Hayt Jr.,
Jack E. Kemmerly & Steven M. Durbin, 8th Edition,
McGraw-Hill, 2012.
THANK YOU

Vadhiraj K P P
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
[email protected]

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