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9 Sequences
and functions

E
9.1 Generating sequences 1
Here is a sequence of numbers:
Key words
4, 6, 8, 10, 12, …

PL
The first term of the sequence is 4.
The term-to-term rule is ‘Add 2’.
4 + 2 = 6, 6 + 2 = 8, 8 + 2 = 10, etc.

Exercise 9.1
Focus
finite sequence
infinite sequence
sequence
term
term-to-term rule

Tip
M
The first term is
1 Write down the next two terms in each of these sequences.
the first number in
Also write down the term-to-term rule. the list.
a 5, 10, 15, 20, ,
Term-to-term rule: …………
SA

b 1, 3, 5, 7, ,
Tips
Term-to-term rule: ………… 5 + 5 = 10,
c 6, 10, 14, 18, , 10 + 5 = 15,
15 + 5 = 20, …
Term-to-term rule: ………… The rule is
d 20, 28, 36, 44, , ‘Add 5’.
Term-to-term rule: ………… 1 + ? = 3,
e 10, 9, 8, 7, , 3 + ? = 5,
Term-to-term rule: ………… 5 + ? = 7,
7+?= ?
f 16, 13, 10, 7, , The rule is
Term-to-term rule: ………… ‘Add ?’.

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9 Sequences and functions

g 20, 18, 16, 14, ,

Term-to-term rule: …………
h 50, 45, 40, 35, ,
Term-to-term rule: …………
2 Use the given first term and term-to-term rule to write down the
next four terms of each sequence.
Tip
a Add 3 5, , , , For the sequence
in part a, the first
b Add 6 2, , , ,
term is 5, then

E
c Add 10 12, , , , 5 + 3 = 8,
d Add 7 0, , , , 8 + 3 = 11,
11 + 3 = ?, etc.
e Subtract 2 12, , , ,
f Subtract 5 25, , , ,

3
g
h
Subtract 1
Subtract 20

PL
13,
100,
,
,
Write down the missing terms in each of these sequences.
a
b

Practice
4, 10, 16,
45, 43,
, 28,
, 39, 37,
, 40, 46
, 33
,
,
,
,

Tip
For the sequence
in part a:
4 + ? = 10,
10 + ? = 16, so the
M
rule is ‘Add ?’.
4 For each of these infinite sequences, write down:
i the term-to-term rule ii the next two terms
iii the tenth term
a 12, 14, 16, 18, b 5, 8, 11, 14, c 46, 42, 38, 34,
SA

5 Write down the first three terms of each of these sequences. Show your working.

First term Term-to-term rule

a 4 add 3
b 30 subtract 5
c 4 multiply by 2
d 80 divide by 2

6 Copy these finite sequences. Fill in the missing terms.

a 6, 9, , 15, , 21, 24 b 3, 10, 17, , , 38,
c 45, , , 27, 21, ,9 d , , 17, 14, , ,

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9.1 Generating sequences 1

7 Write down whether each of these sequences is finite or infinite.

a 5, 10, 15, 20 b 3, 5, 7, 9, c 585, 575, 565, 555
8 Write down the first three terms of each of these sequences. The first
one has been started for you.
a First term is 5. Term-to-term rule is: Multiply by 2 then add 3.

Ft m = 5
Sd m = 5 × 2 + 3 = 10 + 3 = 13
Td m = 13 × 2 + 3 = + 3 =

E
b First term is 7. Term-to-term rule is: Subtract 4 then
multiply by 3.
c First term is 30. Term-to-term rule is: Divide by 2 then

a
subtract 1.

PL
Hari invests $100. At the end of each month $15 is added to his
investment, but he must pay a $3 fee.
How much money does Hari have at the end of the
first month?
During the next three months exactly the same happens. $15 is
added to Hari’s investment and he pays a $3 fee.
b Work out how much money he has at the end of the second,
M
third and fourth months.
10 Marcus and Zara are looking at this number sequence.
3, 6, 17, 42, 87, 158, ,
SA

I think the term- I think the term-

to-term rule is: to-term rule is:
‘Add 3.’ ‘Multiply by 2.’

Is either of them correct? Explain your answer.

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9 Sequences and functions

Challenge
11 Write down three possible term-to-term rules for each of these sequences
and work out the next two terms for each rule. The first one has been
started for you.
a 1, 3,  Add 2 would give 1, 3, 5, 7,
 Multiply by 4 and subtract 1 would give 1, 3, 11, 43,

b 3, 6, c 1, 8, d 5, 11,

E
12 The second term of a sequence is 10. The term-to-term rule is: Multiply by
4 then subtract 2. What is the first term of the sequence?
13 The fourth term of a sequence is 18. The term-to-term rule is: Subtract 3
then multiply by 3. What is the first term of the sequence?

2, 4, 10, 28,

term-to-term rule that you use.

PL
14 What is the term-to-term rule for this sequence?

15 Write two sequences containing the numbers 4 and 12. There must be at
least one term in between 4 and 12. For each sequence, write down the

16 For each of these sequences, write down the:

i term-to-term rule ii next two terms
M
a 4, 1, −2, −5, b −50, −44, −38, −32,
c −2, −3, −5, −9, d −50, −26, −14, −8,

9.2 Generating sequences 2

SA

Exercise 9.2 Key words

sequence of
Focus patterns
term-to-term rule
1 Look at this sequence of patterns of squares.
pattern 1 pattern 2 pattern 3

a Write down the number of squares in:

i pattern 1 ii pattern 2 iii pattern 3

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9.2 Generating sequences 2

b Zara and Sofia look at this sequence of patterns.

  Zara says: Sofia says:

I think the I think the

term-to-term rule term-to-term rule
for this pattern for this pattern
is: ‘Add 4.’

E
is: ‘Add 2.’
Who is correct?
c Draw pattern 4 and pattern 5.
d Copy and complete this table.

2
e
Pattern number
Number of squares

2, 4, 6, , ,
PL 1
2
2
4

Look at this sequence of patterns of triangles.

3
6
4

Copy and complete the sequence of the number of squares in

each pattern:
5
M
pattern 1 pattern 2 pattern 3

a Write down the number of triangles in:

i pattern 1 ii pattern 2 iii pattern 3
SA

b What is the term-to-term rule for this sequence of patterns?

Choose the correct rule from the box shown.

add 3  add 1  add 2  add 4

c Draw pattern 4 and pattern 5.
d Copy and complete this table.

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of triangles 3 4

e Copy and complete the sequence of the number of triangles in

each pattern:
3, 4, , , ,

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9 Sequences and functions

3 This sequence of patterns is made from dots. pattern 1 pattern 2

a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.
b Write down the number sequence of the dots.
c Write down the term-to-term rule.
d Explain how the sequence is formed. pattern 3

Practice
4 This sequence of patterns is made from squares.

E
a Draw the next two patterns in the sequence. pattern 1 pattern 2
b Copy and complete the table to show the number of squares in
each pattern.

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5

5
c
d
i
Number of squares

pattern 6?
PL 3

Write down the term-to-term rule.

How many squares will there be in:

This sequence of patterns is made from blocks.

a
5

Draw the next two patterns in the sequence.

ii pattern 8?
pattern 3

pattern 1
M
b Copy and complete the table to show the number of blocks in
each pattern. pattern 2

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
pattern 3
Number of blocks
SA

c Write down the term-to-term rule.

d How many blocks will there be in:
i pattern 6? ii pattern 9? pattern 1

6 This sequence of patterns is made from dots.

a Copy and complete the table to show the number of dots in
each pattern. pattern 2

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of dots pattern 3

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9.2 Generating sequences 2

b How many dots will there be in:

i pattern 10? ii pattern 18?
Show how you worked out your answers.
7 This sequence of patterns is made from hexagons. pattern 1
a Copy and complete the table to show the number of hexagons
in each pattern.

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5 pattern 2

Number of hexagons

E
b Irena thinks that one of the patterns will have 51 hexagons pattern 3
in it.
Is she correct? Explain your answer.

8
c

d
in it.

PL
Sion thinks that one of the patterns will have 92 hexagons

Without doing any calculations, explain how you can tell that
he is incorrect.
What can you say about the number of hexagons used in this
sequence of patterns?
Sesane is using dots to draw a sequence of patterns. There are
marks over the first and third patterns in her sequence.
M
pattern 1 pattern 2 pattern 3 pattern 4
SA

a Draw the first and the third patterns of Sesane’s sequence.

b How many dots will there be in pattern 6?
9 Zara and Sofia are looking at this sequence of patterns made
from squares.
pattern 1 pattern 2 pattern 3 pattern 4

5 squares 8 squares 11 squares 14 squares

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9 Sequences and functions

Zara says: Sofia says:

I think there are 62

squares in pattern 20
I think there are 23 because if I multiply the
squares in pattern 20 pattern number by 3 and
because the pattern add 2, I always get the
is going up in 3s, and number of squares.
20 + 3 = 23.’ 20 × 3 + 2 = 62.’

E
Who is correct? Explain your answer.

Challenge
10 Draw patterns to show these sequences. You can use a shape of your choice for
each pattern.

a
4, 6, 8,

PL
Draw the first three patterns in each sequence.
b 1, 4, 7, c

Copy and complete the table to show the number of grey

3, 8, 13,
11 This sequence of patterns is made from grey and white triangles.

and white triangles in each pattern. Also write down the total
number of triangles in each pattern.
pattern 1

pattern 2
M
Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of grey triangles
pattern 3
Number of white triangles
Total number of triangles
SA

b Write down the term-to-term rule for the:

i number of grey triangles
ii number of white triangles
iii total number of triangles
What do you notice about your answers to parts i, ii and iii?
c How many grey triangles will there be in pattern 10?
d How many white triangles will there be in pattern 12?
e What is the total number of triangles in pattern 21?

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9.3 Using the nth term

12 This sequence of patterns is made from grey octagons and pattern 1

white squares.
a Copy and complete the table to show the number of grey
octagons and white squares in each pattern. Also write down
the total number of shapes in each pattern.
pattern 2

Pattern number 1 2 3 4 5
Number of grey octagons
Number of white squares

E
pattern 3
Total number of shapes

b Write down the term-to-term rule for the:

i number of grey octagons

c
d
e
ii

PL
number of white squares
iii total number of shapes
What do you notice about your answers to parts i, ii and iii?
How many grey octagons will there be in pattern 12?
How many white squares will there be in pattern 20?
What is the total number of shapes in pattern 50?
M
9.3 Using the nth term
Exercise 9.3 Key words
fewest
SA

Focus nth term

1 Copy and complete the tables to find out the nth term rule for position number
these sequences.
The first one has been started for you.
a 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, Tip
The sequence 2,
Position number 1 2 3 4 5 4, 6, 8, 10,
×2 ×2 ×2 × × × is the 2 times
table, so the rule
Term 2 4 6 8 10 is n × 2.

Term =   × position number, so nth term rule is: nth term = 2n.

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9 Sequences and functions

b 3, 6, 9, 12, 15,

Position number 1 2 3 4 5
× × × × × ×
Term 3 6 9 12 15

Term = × position number, so nth term rule is: nth term = n.

c 4, 8, 12, 16, 20,

E
Position number 1 2 3 4 5
× × × × × ×
Term 4 8 12 16 20

2
Term =

PL
× position number, so nth term rule is: nth term =
Copy and complete the tables to find out the nth term rule for
these sequences.
The first one has been started for you.
a 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
n.

Tip
The numbers 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, are
M
Position number 1 2 3 4 5
always one more
+1 +1 +1 + + + than the position
Term 2 3 4 5 6 number, so the
rule is n + 1.
Term = position number + , so nth term rule is:
SA

nth term = n + 1.
b 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

Position number 1 2 3 4 5
+ + + + + +
Term 3 4 5 6 7

Term = position number + , so nth term rule is:

nth term = n + .

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9.3 Using the nth term

c 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,

Position number 1 2 3 4 5
+ + + + + +
Term 7 8 9 10 11

Term = position number + , so nth term rule is:

nth term = n + .
3 Copy and complete the workings to find the first four terms of

E
these sequences.
a nth term = 5n When n = 1, 5 × 1 = 5.
When n = 2, 5 × 2 = 10.
When n = 3, 5 × 3 =

b
PL
When n = 4, 5 × 4 =
First four terms of this sequence are 5, 10,
nth term = n + 3 When n = 1, 1 + 3 = 4.
When n = 2, 2 + 3 =
When n = 3, 3 + 3 =
When n = 4, 4 + 3 =
First four terms of this sequence are 4,
,

, ,
M
4 Copy and complete the workings to find the 10th term of
these sequences.
a nth term = 4n When n = 10, 4 × 10 =
b nth term = 8n When n = 10, 8 × 10 =
SA

c nth term = n + 4 When n = 10, 10 + 4 =

d nth term = n + 8 When n = 10, 10 + 8 =
Tip
Practice All these
5 Work out the nth term rule for each of these sequences. sequences
a 9, 18, 27, 36, 45, b 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, have the rule
nth term = × n.
c 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, d 30, 60, 90, 120, 150,
6 For each of the sequences in Question 5, use its nth term rule to
work out the:
i 10th term ii 20th term

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9 Sequences and functions

7 Work out the nth term rule for each of these sequences.
Tip
a 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, b 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
All these
c 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, d 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
sequences
8 For each of the sequences in Question 7, use its nth term rule to have the rule
work out the: nth term = n +
i 12th term ii 25th term
9 Sofia is looking at the sequence −6, −5, −4, −3,
Tip

E
You could start
by writing
the sequence
I think the nth rule is: in a table.
nth term = n – 7.

a
c nth term = 50n

11 Copy and complete this table.

PL
Is Sofia correct? Explain your answer and show all your working.
10 Work out the first five terms of each of these sequences.
nth term = n − 8 b nth term = n + 24
d nth term = n − 10
Tip
Substitute n = 1, 2,
3, 4 and 5 into
each nth
term rule.
M
nth term rule 5th term in sequence 10th term in sequence 20th term in sequence
nth term = n + 30 35
nth term = n − 12 −2
SA

nth term = 5n 25
nth term = n + 14 34
nth term = n − 20 −10
nth term = 40n 800

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9.3 Using the nth term

Challenge
12 Match each sequence given in a rectangle (A to E) to its correct nth
term rule given in an oval (i to v).

A 17, 34, 51, 68, B 17, 18, 19, 20,

C 17, 16, 15, 14, D −17, −18, −19, −20,

E −17, −16, −15, −14,

E
i n − 18 ii 18 − n iii 17n

iv n + 16 v −16 − n

13 a

c
i

PL
Work out the first five terms of these sequences.
nth term = n − 5 ii nth term = 5 − n
Work out the first five terms of these sequences.
i nth term = n − 11 ii nth term = 11 − n
What do you notice about your answers to parts a and b?
What can you say about the two sequences with
nth term = n − ‘a number’ and nth term = ‘a number’ − n,
M
where ‘a number’ is the same number?
14 Here are some number cards.
−24 −20 −12 −10 −7 0 1
Here are some nth rule cards for four sequences.
SA

Sequence A: nth term = −4n Sequence B: nth term = n − 22

Sequence C: nth term = 2 − n Sequence D: nth term = −5n

a All of the numbers can be in only one of the sequences. Is the
sequence A, B, C or D?
Tip
Show that all of the numbers are in the sequence by working
out their positions in the sequence. Work out the
b Which number is in all of the sequences? Show that it is in all value of n that
the sequences. gives each
number on
c Two of the numbers can be used in three of the sequences.
the cards.
Show that this is true.
d Which sequence uses the fewest of these numbers? Explain
how you worked out your answer.

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9 Sequences and functions

9.4 Representing simple functions

Here is a function machine.
Key words
The output is the
function
number that comes
out of the machine. function machine
input
input output mapping diagram

E
output
3 +6 9
The input is the
number that goes
into the machine.
This machine tells you to

Exercise 9.4
Focus
PL
add 6 to the input number
to get the output number.

Find the missing output numbers in each of these

Tip
For part a:
output number =
input number × 2,
so 3 × 2 = ?
M
1
function machines.
Tips
a input output b input output
For part b:
3 ×2 15 ÷3 15 ÷ 3 = ?
SA

c input output d input output There can be

more than one
8 2
–8 ×5
input number,
10 8 so in part c
work out both
e input output output numbers:
4 8 − 8 = ? and
7 +2 10 − 8 = ?
19

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9.4 Representing simple functions

2 Find the missing input numbers in each of these function machines.

Tips
a input output b input output
Find the
+3 4 ×4 12 input number
by working
c d input output backwards. For
input output
part a:
2 3
–6 ÷2 Input + 3 = output,
5 10 so 4 − 3 = ?

E
e input output For part b:
10 12 ÷ 4 = ?
+7 14
30

Practice
3

4
input
3
7 +5
output
PL
Copy these function machines and find the missing inputs
and outputs.
a

14
b input
10

20
output

–7

Copy and complete these inverse function machines and tables

__
7
c input
10
×5
output

35
100
M
of values.
a
input ÷8 output Input
Output 3 8 10

input output
SA

b
input ×2 output Input
Output 16 26 60

input output

c
input –9 output Input
Output 1 14 25

input output

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9 Sequences and functions

5 Work out the rule to complete these function machines.

a input output b input output c input output
3 6 15 5 3 21
7 10 21 7 5 35
11 14 30 10 7 49

6 Copy and complete the mapping diagram below for this function machine.
input 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
input output
3 7

E
5 +4 9
6 10 output 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Challenge
7

PL
Shen draws this mapping diagram for a function.
input 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

output 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Copy and complete this function machine and table of values for
the same function.
M
Explain how you worked out your answer.

Input
input output
Output
8 This function machine shows only one input and one output.
SA

20 5

Write down two possible functions for this function machine.

Justify your answers.
9 This is part of Marcus’s homework. There are marks covering some
of the numbers.
6 12
9
17 23

a Work out the numbers that are covered by the marks.

b Is it possible to work out all the numbers? If not, what
numbers could the missing numbers be? Explain your answer.

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10 Percentages
10.1 Fractions, decimals
and percentages

E
Exercise 10.1 Key words
fraction
Focus
1

3
a
b

a 72%
Arun says:
b 73%
PL
List all the percentages less than 100 that are multiples of 10.
Write each percentage in part a as a fraction in its simplest form.
Write these percentages as fractions, in their simplest form.
c 74% d 75% e 76%
percentage
M
6% is equivalent to 0.6.
SA

Write two statements to show that Arun is incorrect.

4 Write these in order, listing the smallest first.
3 38 17
77% 0.8 0.71 70%
4 50 25

Practice
5 Write these fractions as percentages.
3 3 13 23 33
a b c d e
5 10 50 25 50

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10 Percentages

6 Here is a circle divided into 20 equal sectors.

a What percentage of the circle is grey?
b The area of the circle is 120 cm². Find the area of the grey part.
7 a Work out:
i 30% of $240 ii 70% of $240
iii 5% of $240 iv 95% of $240
b Did you use the answer to part a iii to find the answer to
part a iv?
If not, how could you use the answer to part a iii to find the

E
answer to part a iv?

Challenge
8 a
50% =

10% =
100% = $6
25% =

20% =
PL
Copy and complete this diagram.
M
b Add four more branches to the diagram.
9 Describe three different methods to work out 45% of 800 kg.
10 14% of 58 m = 8.12 m
Show how to use this fact to work out:
a 28% of 58 m b 7% of 58 m c 14% of 174 m
SA

11 a Show that 20% of 50 is the same as 50% of 20.

b Explain why 70% of 30 must be the same as 30% of 70.
12 Copy and complete this table. Use the pattern to fill in the last column.

3 3 3 3
Fraction
5 10 20 40

Percentage 30%

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10.2 Percentages large and small

10.2 Percentages large and small

Exercise 10.2 Key word
mixed number
Focus
1 Write these percentages as fractions, in their simplest form.
a 0.1% b 0.2% c 0.3% d 0.4% e 0.5%

E
2 Work out:
a 80% of $45 b 8% of $45 c 0.8% of $45
3 a Work out 1% of 240.
b Use your answer to part a to work out:

5
a

Practice
i

2.5%

$40
0.5% of 240

b $112
PL
ii 0.1% of 240
Write each percentage as a fraction, in its simplest form.
a b 7.5%

c
c 12.5%
Work out the percentage of $200 of the following amounts.
$185
iii

d
0.2% of 240

17.5%
M
6 Here are some statements. Write whether each statement is possible or
impossible. If the statement is impossible, give a reason why.
a The price of an apartment increases by 120%.
b The population of a town decreases by 120%.
c My salary is 120% of my brother’s salary.
SA

7 Write these as decimals and as percentages.

13 4 107 1 3
a b 1 c d 1 e 2
10 5 100 20 25
8 Copy and complete this table.

Percentage 20% 40% 65% 130%

3
Fraction 1
4

Decimal 1.9

139
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ISBN_9781108746366.
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10 Percentages

9 Write these percentages as mixed numbers.

a 110% b 180% c 135% d 215%
10 Copy this table and add some of your own values to the empty columns.

Percentage 45% 60% 75% 90%

3 3
Fraction
5 4

11 There are 40 apartments in a block. 26 have been sold.

E
Work out the percentage that are:
a sold b not sold

Challenge

13 a
b
brother’s height.
PL
12 Hayley’s height is 140 cm. Hayley has a sister and a brother.
a Her sister’s height is 95% of Hayley’s height. Work out Hayley’s
sister’s height.
b Her brother’s height is 115% of Hayley’s height. Work out Hayley’s

Write 37.5% as a fraction, in its simplest form.

Find 137.5% of $400. c Find 187.5% of $400.
M
14 Describe two different methods to work out 140% of 60. Show that both
methods give the same answer.
15 Copy this diagram. Fill in the missing numbers.
25% of
% of $72
% of $18
SA

$36

% of $180 % of $24
50% of

16 The price of a ticket is increased from $32 to $96.

a What percentage of $32 is $96?
b What is the percentage increase?

140
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ISBN_9781108746366.
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11 Graphs
11.1 Functions
Exercise 11.1 Key words

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function
Focus variable
1 In a test Arun scored 3 marks fewer than Sofia.

2
a

PL
If Sofia scored 30 marks, how many marks did Arun score?
b If Sofia scored 12.5 marks, how many marks did Arun score?
c If Arun scored 19 marks, how many marks did Sofia score?
d Sofia scores x marks and Arun scores y marks.
Copy and complete this function: y = …………
The length of a rectangle is four times its width.
a If the width of the rectangle is 11 cm, what is its length?
b If the length of the rectangle is 100 cm, what is its width?
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c The width is w cm and the length is l cm. Write down a
function that gives l in terms of w.
3 The price of a train ticket is $12 more than the price of a bus ticket.
a Find the price of the train ticket if the price of the bus ticket
is $9.
SA

b The price of the bus ticket is $b. What is the price of the
train ticket?
c If the price of the train ticket is $t, write a function for t.
4 Zara’s mass is half the mass of Sofia.
a Together, Zara and Sofia have a mass of more than 20 kg.
Give an example of the possible masses of Zara and Sofia.
b Sofia is x kg and Zara is y kg. Write a formula for y in terms
of x.

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ISBN_9781108746366.
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11 Graphs

Practice
5 Marcus and Zara walk to school. Marcus takes 10 minutes longer
than Zara.
a Copy and complete this table of possible times.

Zara (minutes) 10 15 23
Marcus (minutes) 17 41

E
b Zara takes x minutes and Marcus takes y minutes. Write a
function for y in terms of x.
6 Zara has two plates. The diameter of one plate is 1.5 times the
diameter of the other plate.
a If the diameter of the small plate is 15 cm, work out the

7
c
Small plate (x cm)
Large plate (y cm)
PL
diameter of the large plate.
b Copy and complete this table of possible diameters.

15

Write a function connecting x and y.

16

All the sides of this pentagon are the same length.

17 18
30 31.5
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a If the length of each side is 7 cm, work out the perimeter.
b If the perimeter is 120 cm, work out the length of each side.
c If the perimeter is x cm and the length of each side is y cm,
which of these functions (A to D) is correct?
A y = 5x B y = 0.2x
SA

C y=x÷5 D y=x+5
8 The length of this rectangle is twice its width.
a If the width is 5 cm, work out the: i length ii perimeter
b If the width is 6.5 cm, work out the: i length ii perimeter
c If the width is w cm and the length is l cm, work out a
function for l in terms of w.
d If the width is w cm and the perimeter is p cm, work out a
function for p in terms of w.

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ISBN_9781108746366.
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11.1 Functions

9 Fadi buys a book online. The postage is $6.

a Copy and complete this table to show the total cost for five
books of different prices.

Price of book ($)

Total including postage ($)

b If the total cost, including postage, is $17.95, work out the

price of the book.

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c If the book costs $x and the total cost is $y, which of these
functions (A to E) is correct?
A y = 6x B y=6+x C y=x÷6 D y=x+6 E y=x−6

Challenge
10 Twenty books cost $340.
a

a
PL
Work out the cost of 10 books.
b Work out a function for the cost, c, in dollars, of n books.
c Use your function to find the cost of 36 books.
d How many books can you buy for $1000?
11 At an airport, a price is shown in two currencies:
Work out a similar price ticket that shows these two currencies
20 
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for an item that costs 10 dollars. 270 
b Work out a formula that you can use to convert dollars to
crowns. Explain the variables you use.
12 The mass of 100 A5 sheets of paper is 250 g.
Tip
a Work out the mass of 10 A5 sheets of paper.
SA

b Work out a function to the find the mass (y kg) of n A5 sheets Paper is sold in
of paper. different sizes:
c An A3 sheet of paper is four times the area of an A5 sheet of A3, A4, A5, and
paper. Work out a function for the mass (z kg) of n A3 sheets so on.
of paper.
13 The cost of 40 litres of petrol is $120.
a Work out the cost of:
i 20 litres ii 10 litres iii 1 litre
b Write a formula for the cost (c), in dollars, of x litres of petrol.
c Use your formula to work out the cost of 33.5 litres of petrol.

143
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
ISBN_9781108746366.