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Document 1.9

The document outlines various mathematical concepts including Lucas' theorem, cyclotomic polynomials, and Lagrange's theorem for polynomials. It also covers Diophantine equations, abstract algebra definitions, and notable theorems such as Fermat's Last Theorem and the Chicken McNugget theorem. Additionally, it discusses concepts like p-adic valuation, field extensions, and the pigeonhole principle.

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Aman Bhandari
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5 views

Document 1.9

The document outlines various mathematical concepts including Lucas' theorem, cyclotomic polynomials, and Lagrange's theorem for polynomials. It also covers Diophantine equations, abstract algebra definitions, and notable theorems such as Fermat's Last Theorem and the Chicken McNugget theorem. Additionally, it discusses concepts like p-adic valuation, field extensions, and the pigeonhole principle.

Uploaded by

Aman Bhandari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Lucas’ theorem

• Cyclotomic polynomials

• Lagrange’s theorem for polynomials

4.3 Diophantine equations


• Linear diophantine equations

• Finding contradiction modulo n

• p-adic valuation

– Basic theorems and definition


– Legendre’s formula
– Lifting the exponent lemma

• Pell’s equation

• Hensel’s lemma

• Pythagoras’ theorem and Fermat’s Last Theorem

4.4 Abstract algebra stuff


• Basic definitions: rings, integral domains, fields, ideals and principal ideal domains
(PID), Euclidean domains (ED), unique factorization domains (UFD)

• Eisenstein’s criterion and Gauss’ lemma

• Gaussian integers Z[i]


√ √
• Field extensions of Q like Q( d) and the ring of integers Z[ω] of Q( d).

4.5 Other
• Infinite descent

• Bertrand’s postulate

• Zsigmondy’s theorem

• Vieta root jumping

• Chicken McNugget theorem

• Pidgeonhole principle

Page 9

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