MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM • Epididymis- a set of coiled tubules on the outside of the testis

(but still within the scrotum). Sperm cells formed in the testis
➢ Humans have 2 reproductive system
move into the epididymis, where they continue to mature.
• Male
• Ductus deferens or vas deferens- conducts sperm cells from
• Female
the epididymis out of the scrotum and into the pelvic cavity.
➢ Primary function is sexual reproduction of offspring
As the ductus deferens enters the abdominopelvic cavity
➢ Sexual reproduction requires fusion of 2 gametes or sex cells
through the inguinal canal, it is associated with nerves,
➢ Human gametes, sperm and ova, are formed by means of
vessels, and a connective tissue covering. Together, these
meiosis and each has 23 chromosomes
structures form the spermatic cord. Near its end, each
• Sperm cell- male
ductus deferens has an enlarged section called the ampulla.
• Ovum- female
• Seminal vesicle- joining the ductus deferens at the ampulla.
➢ when male gametes meets with female gametes, a cell with
Each seminal vesicle is a gland that produces fluid that
46 chromosomes is formed
becomes part of the semen.
HUMAN MODEL • Semen- is the fluid medium containing sperm that is
ejaculated during the male sexual response. The ductus
• Testes- primary sex organs of the male deferens and seminal vesicle duct unite to form the
▪ Capsule- a connective tissue outer wall, the capsule ejaculatory duct, which extends to the urethra, inferior to
has inward extensions that divide each testis into the bladder.
lobules • Prostate gland- surrounds the ejaculatory duct below the
▪ Seminiferous tubules- long, coiled tubules in which bladder; contributes to the seminal fluid.
sperms are produced.
• Urethra- sperm containing semen is conducted through the
▪ Interstitial cells- tissues between the tubules, which urethra during the male sexual response. Near the base of
secretes testosterone
the penis, ducts from the bulbourethral glands join the
▪ Rete testis- it is a network of rubules into which the
urethra. These small glands contribute a small amount of
seminiferous tubules empty. The rete testis, in turn, fluid to the semen.
empties into 15 to 20 efferent ductules that leave
• Penis- is the erectile structure through which the urethra
the testis.
conducts semen out of the body during ejaculation. Erection
• Scrotum- where testes is located, a sac of skin and and other
of the penis is essential to insertion into the female tract and
tissues on the outer wall of the anterior trunk
deposition of the semen there. Three vascular bodies, the
• Dartos muscle- a thin layer of smooth muscle, forms part of left and right corpora cavernosa and the corpus
the scrotum’s wall spongiosum, engorge with the blood during sexual response
and stiffen the penis. The tip of the corpus spongiosum forms
 the head of the penis or glans penis. The glans penis is • Uterine tube- is also associated with each ovary
covered by a fold of skin, called foreskin, or prepuce, unless • Fallopian tube or oviduct- the narrow tube with a ciliate
it has been removed by means of circumcision. lining conducts a mature ovum from the area of the ovary
towards the uterus. It is the usual site of fertilization.
B. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE TESTIS
• Fimbriae- ling processes, surrounds the tube’s margin at its
1. The major feature of testis cross section is the presence of ovarian end.
numerous seminiferous tubules, the basement membrane, • Uterus- or womb, is a single muscular sac at the midline in
lumen and all of a seminiferous tubule. the pelvic cavity.
2. Large, pale cells with oval nuclei are supportive nurse ▪ Body of the uterus- the larger, rounded portion in
(sertoli) cells, or sustenacular cells. They extend all the way which is located the main part of the uterine cavity
to the lumen, but their entire length is often difficult to ▪ Cervix- the narrow, inferior portion of the uterus
distinguish. The majority of cells are germ cells. The (the cervical canal passes through this area to join
outermost layer of germ cells are spermatogonia Some the vagina)
daughter cells of the spematogonia, nearer the lumen, ▪ Serous layer of the uterus- the portion of the
become spermatocytes that divide by means of meiosis to peritoneum that forms the outer uterine wall.
spermatids. Each spermatid develops to become a ▪ Myometrium- the muscular middle layer of a uterine
spermatozoan, many of which are seen in the lumen. wall.
▪ Endometrium—the inner layer of the uterine wall
SPERM CELLS
• Vagina- is a muscular canal that receives the male penis
➢ Normal sperm- pear-shaped during sexual intercourse. It functions as the birth canal
• Head- containing nucleus during delivery and as an exit for sloughed-off endometrium
• midpiece- containing mitochondria is at the base of during menses. The opening of the vagina to the outside may
the tail, or flagellum be covered partially or entirely by a thin, membranous
hymen.
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Ovaries- primary sex organ of females, small rounded organs • Vulva- external genitals of the female
suspended in the pelvic cavity by ligaments. ▪ Vestibule- the central space of the vulva, into which
• Ovarian mesentery or mesovarium- attaches the ovaries to the vagina and urethra open the vestibular gland
the broad ligaments. ducts conduct lubricating fluid into the vestibule
• Suspensory ligaments and ovarian ligaments - supports the ▪ Clitoris- the female glans, a small, erectile structure
ovaries in the anterior corner if the vestibule (the clitoris is
 covered with a fold of skin called the foreskin, or
prepuce)
▪ Labia minora- a pair of thin, longitudinal folds, one
of each side of the vestibule
▪ Labia majora- a pair of thick, longitudinal folds,
lateral to labia minora (the space between labia
majora is called pudendal cleft)
▪ Mons pubis- a fatty mound, covered with hair over
the pubic bone.