Classwork

1. Which nationality was Ada Lovelace?

2. What was her major contribution in the world of computing?

3. How many children did she have and what are their names?

4. When was Ada’s birthday?

5. Which year did Ada die?

6. What was the major cause of her death?

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ICT: Topic to be covered Term 2
Computer System (Week 1 to 3)
• Components of the computer system
• Input, Output, Storage and processing devices
The CPU (Week 4)
• Definition of the CPU
• The major components of the CPU and their functions
• How computers can solve logic and arithmetic problems
Document Production/Word Processing (Week 5-6)
• Definition of word processing
• Examples of word processors
• Advantages and disadvantages of word processing.
• Load data, key in & edit text, Format text,
• Text alignment & spacing, Page setup, etc.
Presentation using PowerPoint (Weeks 7-9
Views, Transitions, Slide shows, Animation, Insert videos and pictures, Place holders, Slide
outline, Slide footers, Slide numbers, Slide background colours, Line spacing, Add charts to
slides, Slide master
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REVISION AND EXAMINATION (Week 10 & 11)
Topic: Computer System

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 Objectives
1. To explain the term computer system
2. Define the input, output, and storage device
What is a computer system? A computer system is a set of equipment
that works together to help you do a useful work. A computer system can be
drawn as a simple diagram as follows:
Central
Input Processing Output
Unit
Devices (CPU)
Devices

Storage

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Input, Output &
Storage devices

• Input devices allow you to put data into

the computer, example keyboard.
• Output devices gives results of your work
on the computer system, example printer.
• You use storage devices to save your
work, example flash drive.

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INSIDE THE CPU

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Objectives
You will learn:
1. The definition of the CPU
2. About the three components of the CPU and their functions
3. How computers can solve logic and arithmetic problems

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 The CPU
• The microprocessor is the heart of any normal
computer, whether it is a desktop machine, a server
or a laptop.
• A processor is small enough to fit on your fingertip.
• It is a complete computation engine that is
fabricated on a single chip.
• The first Microprocessor was the Intel 4004,
introduced in 1971.
• Using two processors is referred to as duo-core and
using four processors is referred to as quad-core.
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 The Main Components of the CPU
The CPU has three important parts: the control unit, the
arithmetic and logic unit and the clock.
1. The control Unit
• Control Unit manages the work done by the CPU.
• When an instruction arrives at the CPU, it goes to the control unit.
• The control unit works out what the instruction means (decode).
• The control unit makes sure that the other parts of the CPU do the work
needed to carry out instruction.

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2. The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
• The ALU does all the calculations in the CPU.
• The control unit sends instructions to the ALU.
• The ALU carries out the instructions.

3. The CPU clock rate

The clock rate of a processor is the speed at which instructions are executed
per second.
Modern CPUs can process billions and trillions of calculations per second.
When a processor has a clock speed of 3.5 GHz that means 3.5 gigahertz, or a
billion clock cycles per second.
Faster is better, but higher speeds mean higher costs.
Every time the CPU clock ticks, the control unit sends an instruction to the ALU.
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Buses
The three parts of a CPU are joined
together by connections called
buses.
Buses are high speed connections
that carry data around inside the
CPU.

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 Memory and the CPU
The computer memory is very close to the CPU. It is joined to the CPU by buses.
The computer’s memory is sometimes called the following:
• Memory unit
• Immediate Access Store (IAS)
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
What is in the memory?
Memory holds:
• The instructions that tell the computer what to do
• The data values that the computer needs
• The result of the CPU’S work.

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 Memory and Storage
Data is stored in the memory as electrical signals.
But if the electricity is turned off, all data will be
lost. For this reason, you must save your work
before computer shuts down.
When you save your work, it is copied from
memory to storage.
Some examples of storage are:
• The computer hard disk.
• A flash drive
• Cloud storage on the internet
Storage stores data even when the computer is
turned off. Storage is also called secondary
memory. 16
Classwork 1
Write down the advantages and disadvantages of
memory(RAM) and Storage.

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The Fetch-Execute cycle
1. Fetch: The control unit ‘fetches’ the instructions from RAM.
2. Decode: The control unit decodes the instruction, so it knows what
to do.
3. Execute: The control unit sends a signal to the ALU to tell it what to
do. The ALU carries out the instruction. ‘Execute’ means carry out
an instruction.
4. Save: If the instruction produces a result, then the ALU send the
result back to RAM.
Classwork 2
Draw the fetch-execute cycle of the CPU.
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Memory and Computer Speed
Apart from the clock rate, the memory also affects the
computer performance and speed.
Classwork 4
Make note on the following:
1. RAM
2. Cache
3. Word size

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LOGIC GATES
Logic gate is the building block of every digital circuit. There are
three basic gates, they are:
1. AND-gate
2. OR-gate
3. NOT-gate

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AND-gate
The output of an AND-gate is 1 if both input A and input B are 1, otherwise it is
0.

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OR-gate
The output of an OR-gate is 1 if either input A or input B or both is 1.

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NOT-gate
A NOT-gate has only one input and one output. A NOT-gate reverses the input. If
the input is 1 the output is 0. If the input is 0 the output is 1.

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