0 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.

com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
CIRCUIT THEORY
CONTENTS…….
• NETWORK ELEMENTS & TERMINOLOGY

• CIRCUIT THEOREMS

• AC FUNDAMENTALS & RESONANCE

• MAGNETIC CIRCUITS & TRANSIENTS

• MCQs & SOLUTIONS

1 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 NETWORK ELEMENTS & TERMINOLOGY:
1. Active element: Active elements are the elements which
supply power or energy to the network. Voltage source and
current source are the examples of active elements.

2. Passive element: Passive elements are the elements

which either store energy or dissipate energy in the form of
heat. Resistor, inductor and capacitor are the three basic
passive elements. Inductors and capacitors can store energy
and resistors dissipate energy in the form of heat.

3. Branch: A part of the network which connects the various

points of the network with one another is called a branch.
In Fig., A-B, B-C, C-D etc. are called the branches of the
network.

4. Junction: A point where three or more branches meet is

called a junction point. Point B and E are the junction points
in the network shown in the Fig.

2 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
5. Node: A point at which two or more elements are joined
together is called node. The junction points are also the
nodes of the network. In the network shown in the Fig., A, B,
C, D, E and F are the nodes of the network.

6. Mesh and loop: Mesh (or Loop) is a set of branches

forming a closed path in a network in such a way that if one
branch is removed then remaining branches do not form a
closed path. A loop also can be defined as a closed path
which originates from a particular node, terminating at the
same node, travelling through various other nodes, without
travelling through any node twice. In the Fig. paths ABEFA,
ABCDEFA, BCDEB etc., are the loops of the network.

Ideal sources
1. Ideal voltage source
Voltage always remains constant for any value of current
passing through it.
3 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Note:
• The current through any voltage source is purely arbitrary.
It will depend upon:
(a) The current source which is connect in series with it.
(b) The load resistance which is connected in parallel with it.
• We cannot write KCL equation at a load with which any
voltage source is connected. Since, the current through this
voltage source is purely arbitrary.

2. Ideal current source

• Current always remains constant for any value of voltage
across it

Note:
• The voltage across current source is purely arbitrary. It will
depend upon:
(a) Voltage source which is connected in parallel with it.
(b) The load resistance which is connected in series with it.

4 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• We cannot write any KVL equation in a loop in which a
current source is present. Since, the voltage across the
current source is purely arbitrary.

Dependent Sources

Conversion of Voltage Source into Current Source:

When the voltage source is connected with the resistance in
series and it has to be converted into the current source then
the resistance is connected in parallel with the current source
as shown in the given figure.
5 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Where Is = Vs /R

Conversion of Current Source into Voltage Source:

In the given circuit diagram, a current source which is connected
in parallel with the resistance is transformed into a voltage
source by placing the resistance in series with the voltage source.
Where, Vs = 𝐼𝑠 𝑅

Kirchhoff’s Laws
1. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
For any closed path in a network, the algebraic sum of the
voltages is zero.

∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑉𝑘 (𝑡) = 0 … .. in a closed loop

Where, vK is the voltage drop or voltage gain across kth
element

6 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
2. Kirchhoff’s Current law (KCL)
The algebraic sum of the currents at a node is zero.
Alternatively, the sum of the currents entering a node is equal
to the sum of the currents leaving that node.

∑𝑛𝑘=1 𝑖𝑘 (𝑡) = 0 … at any node where 𝑖𝑘 (𝑡) is the current

through kth branch.
Note:
• A network is an interconnection of elements or devices,
whereas a circuit is a network providing one or more closed
paths.
• Number of KVL equations = b – (n – 1)
• Number of KCL equations = (n - 1)
• Where, b is number of branches and n is number of nodes.
• At node, current changes and in branch, current remains
same.

Voltage division Equations

𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑉1 = 𝑅 𝑉 ; 𝑉2 = 𝑅 𝑉
1 +𝑅2 1 +𝑅2

7 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Current division Equations

𝑅2 𝐼 𝑅1 𝐼
𝐼1 = ; 𝐼2 =
𝑅1 +𝑅2 𝑅1 +𝑅2

Star to delta transformation

∆ ∆ ∆
𝑅𝑎𝑏 = 𝑅 , 𝑅𝑏𝑐 = 𝑅 , 𝑅𝑐𝑎 = 𝑅 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒, ∆= (𝑅𝑎 𝑅𝑏 + 𝑅𝑏 𝑅𝑐 +
𝑐 𝑎 𝑏
𝑅𝑐 𝑅𝑎 )

Delta to star transformation

𝑅𝑐𝑎 𝑅𝑎𝑏
𝑅𝑎 = 𝑅
𝑎𝑏 +𝑅𝑏𝑐 +𝑅𝑐𝑎
𝑅𝑎𝑏 𝑅𝑏𝑐
𝑅𝑏 = 𝑅
𝑎𝑏 +𝑅𝑏𝑐 +𝑅𝑐𝑎
𝑅𝑏𝑐 𝑅𝑐𝑎
𝑅𝑐 = 𝑅
𝑎𝑏 +𝑅𝑏𝑐 +𝑅𝑐𝑎

8 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 Network Theorems

1. Thevenin’s Theorem
2. Norton’s Theorem
3. Superposition Theorem
4. Maximum power transfer Theorem
5. Milliman’s Theorem
6. Reciprocity Theorem
7. Compensation Theorem
8. Tellegen’s Theorem

1. Thevenin's Theorem
A linear active RLC network which contains one or more
independent or dependent voltage or current sources can be
replaced by a single voltage source Voc in series with
equivalent impedance Zeq.

where,
Voc = Open circuit voltage between a and b (when I = 0).
ZCCI = Equivalent impedance between a and b, when
(a) All independent sources are replaced by their internal
impedances.
(b) All dependent voltage and current sources remain as they
are.
Steps for finding Thevenin’s equivalent
(𝑖𝑒 𝑉𝑡ℎ & 𝑅𝑡ℎ )
9 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) Remove the load resistance (𝑅𝐿 ) and find the open
circuit voltage (𝑉𝑂𝐶 ) across it. 𝑖𝑒 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 𝑉𝑡ℎ
(b) For finding Thevenin’s equivalent resistance (𝑅𝑡ℎ )
deactivate the constant source.
Voltage source → short – circuit
Current source → open circuit
• 𝑅𝑡ℎ for dependent source containing network: -
For finding 𝑅𝑡ℎ in case of dependent source containing
network.
1st: -find open circuit voltage across load (𝑉𝑂𝐶 )
2nd: - find short-circuit current (𝐼𝑆𝐶 ) across the load.
𝑉𝑂𝐶
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅𝑡ℎ =
𝐼𝑆𝐶

Note: Theorem is not applicable to the network containing.

• Nonlinear element
• Unilateral element

2. Norton’s Theorem
A linear, active RLC network which contains one or more
independent or dependent voltage or current sources can be
replaced by a single current source 𝐼𝑆𝐶 in shunt with
equivalent impedance 𝑍𝑒𝑞 .
Where,
𝐼𝑠𝐶 = short circuit current between a and b (when V = 0)
10 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
𝑍𝑒𝑞 = same as that of Thevenin’s theorem

3. Super Position Theorem

The response in any element of a linear, bilateral RLC network
containing more than one independent voltage or current
source is the algebraic sum of responses produce by the
independent source when each of them acting alone with
(a) All other independent voltage sources are short circuited
(S.C.)
(b) All other independent current sources are open circuited
(O.C.).
(c) All dependent voltage and current sources remain as they
are and therefore, they are neither S.C. nor O.C.
Note:
• The theorem is not applicable to the network containing
(a) Non-linear elements.
(b) Unilateral elements such as diode or BJT.
• The theorem is not applicable to power since it is a
nonlinear parameter.
• The theorem is also applicable for circuit having initial
condition.

4. Maximum power transfer theorem

11 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
𝑍𝐿 = 𝑍𝑠 ………………for maximum power transfer
Case I: If 𝑍𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑅𝐿 =
𝑅𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑋𝐿 = −𝑋𝑠
Case II: If 𝑍𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑅𝐿 = √𝑅𝑠2 + 𝑋𝑠2
Case III: If 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑅𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠 then 𝑅𝐿 = 𝑅𝑠

5. Milliman’s Theorem

∑𝑛
𝑖=1 𝐸𝑖 𝑌𝑖
𝐸𝑒𝑞 = ∑𝑛
𝑌𝑒𝑞 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑌1
𝑖=1 𝑦𝑖

6. Reciprocity Theorem
In a linear bilateral single source network, the ratio of
excitation to the response is constant when the position of
excitation and response are interchange.

𝑉1 𝑉2
= ; 𝑧12 = 𝑧21
𝐼2 𝐼1

Note:

12 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝑧12 = 𝑧21
• 𝑧13 = 𝑧31 … . . 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘
𝑧23 = 𝑧32
• The basis of the theorem is the symmetry of impedance or
admittance of matrix.
• The theorem is valid for network in which linear and
bilateral elements are present.
• The theorem is valid only when single independent voltage
or current source is present.
• The initial conditions are assumed to be zero in reciprocity
theorem

7. Compensation Theorem
If impedance 'z' of any branch of a network is changed by 'δz',
then the incremental current 'δI' in such branch is that which
will be produced by a compensating voltage source Vc = I δz
introduced in the same branch wit polarity opposing the
original direction of current I.

13 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
8. Tellegen’s Theorem
• In any network, the sum of instantaneous power consumed
by various elements of the branches is always equal to zero.
• Total power given out by different voltage sources is equal
to total power consumed by various passive elements in
various branches of the network.
∑𝑏𝑘=1 𝑉𝑘 . 𝑖𝑘 = 0, where, b = Number of branches
Note: The theorem is valid for any type of network so long as
KVL and KC equations are valid.

14 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 AC FUNDAMENTALS & RESONANCE

Alternating voltage and current:

• A voltage which changes its polarity at regular interval of

time is called alternating voltage.
• When an alternating voltage is applied to a circuit, the
current flows first in one direction and then in the
opposite direction, the direction of current depend on
polarity of voltage and this current is known as
alternating current.

Sinusoidal alternating voltage and current:

• Commercial alternator always produce sinusoidal

alternating voltage and it can be expressed by equation -
Instantaneous value = Max. value x sine of time angle 𝑣 =
𝑉𝑚 sin 𝜔𝑡
• sinusoidal voltage always produces sinusoidal current,
unless the circuit is non-linear.

NOTE: - WHY SINE WAVEFORM?

• The sine waveform produces the least disturbance in the

electric circuit and is the smoothest and efficient
waveform.
• The mathematical computation, connected with
alternating current work, are much simpler with this
waveform.
15 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 • It may be noted that alternating voltage and current
mean sinusoidal alternating current and voltage unless
stated otherwise.

• Important AC terminology:
(1) Waveform: the shape of the curve obtained by plotting
the instantaneous value of voltage or current as ordinate
against time is called its waveform.
(2) Instantaneous value: the value of an alternating
quantity at any instant is called instantaneous value. The
instantaneous value of alternating current and voltage
are represented by i and v respectively.
(3) Cycle: one complete set of positive and negative values
of an alternating quantity is known as a cycle.
(4) Alternation: one half cycle of an alternating quantity is
known as alternation.
(5) Time period: the time taken in seconds to complete
one cycle of and alternating quantity is called its time
period. It is generally represented by T.
(6) Frequency: the number of cycles that occur in one
second is called the frequency(f) of the alternating
quantity. It is measured in cycle/sec or hertz.
(7) Amplitude: the maximum value (positive or negative)
attained by an alternating quantity is called its amplitude
or peak value. The amplitude of an alternating voltage or
current is designated by 𝑉𝑚 𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚 .
Important relations:
16 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(1) Time period and frequency – Time taken to complete
f cycles = 1 second Time taken to complete 1 cycle = 1/f
second
But the time taken to complete one cycle is time period
T.
T = 1 /f
(2) Angular frequency and frequency –
2𝜋
ω= = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑇
(3) Frequency and speed –
𝑁𝑃
𝑓 = 100
Where, N = speed and P = number of poles
Average value of alternating current and voltage -
• The average value of an alternating current (sinusoidal) is
zero over one cycle. It is because positive area exactly
cancels the negative area.
• However, half cycle average value is not zero. Therefore,
whenever the average value of an alternating current or
voltage is asked, it is understood for half cycle.
2𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑎𝑣 = = 0.637 𝐼𝑚
𝜋
2𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑎𝑣 = = 0.637 𝑉𝑚
𝜋

R.M.S. or effective value of alternating current and

voltage –
• The r.m.s. or effective value of an alternating current is
equal to that direct current (DC) which delivers the same
average power to a resistor as the alternating current.
17 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• It is denoted by 𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠. or 𝐼𝑒𝑓𝑓 .
𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑟.𝑚.𝑠. = = 0.707 𝐼𝑚
√2
𝑉𝑚
𝑉𝑟.𝑚.𝑠. = = 0.707 𝑉𝑚
√2
• This relation is valid only for sinusoidal quantity (current
or voltage).
Form factor and peak factor –
• The ratio of rms value to average value of an ac quantity is
called form factor.
RMS value 0.707𝐼
• Form Factor = Average value = 0.637𝐼𝑚 = 1.11
𝑚
• The ratio of maximum value to the RMS value of an ac
quantity is called as peak factor.
Maximum Value 𝐼𝑚
• Peak Factor = RMS value = 0.707 = 1.414
𝐼 𝑚

Pure Resistive AC Circuit-

• The circuit containing only a pure resistance of R ohms in
the AC circuit is known as Pure Resistive AC Circuit.
• The presence of inductance and capacitance does not exist
in a purely resistive circuit.

18 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝑉 𝑉𝑚
I=𝑅= Sin 𝜔𝑡 = 𝐼𝑚 Sin 𝜔𝑡
𝑅

Pure inductive Circuit –

• The circuit which contains only inductance (L) and not any
other quantities like resistance and capacitance in the
Circuit is called a Pure inductive circuit.
• In this type of circuit, the current lags behind the voltage by
an angle of 90 degrees.

19 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• The average power consumed in a purely inductive circuit
is zero.
• The opposition offered by inductance to current flow is 𝜔𝐿.
The quantity 𝜔𝐿 is called the inductive reactance 𝑋𝐿 of the
inductor.
𝑋𝐿 = 𝜔𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
Pure Capacitor Circuit –
• The circuit containing only a pure capacitor of capacitance
C farads is known as a Pure Capacitor Circuit.
• The capacitors store electrical power in the electric field.
Their effect is known as the capacitance.
• It is also called the condenser.
20 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• The capacitor consists two conductive plates which are
separated by the dielectric medium. The dielectric material
is made up of glass, paper, mica, oxide layers, etc.
• In pure AC capacitor Circuit, the current leads the voltage
by an angle of 90 degrees.

• The average power in the Capacitive circuit is zero.

• Capacitive reactance is denoted by 𝑋𝑐 .
1 1
𝑋𝑐 = 𝜔𝑐 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶

21 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
RL Series Circuit –

• A circuit that contains a pure resistance R ohm connected

in series with a coil having pure inductance of L (Henry) is
known as R L Series Circuit.
• When an AC supply voltage V is applied the current, I flows
in the circuit. IR and IL will be the current flowing in the
resistor and inductor respectively, but the amount of
current flowing through both the elements will be same as
they are connected in series with each other.

Impedance –

Phase angle -

22 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Current in R-L series circuit -

Power –

Where cos𝜑 is power factor

RC Series Circuit –
• A circuit that contains pure resistance R ohms connected in
series with a pure capacitor of capacitance C farads is
known as RC Series Circuit.

23 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
24 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• Voltage drop in capacitive reactance 𝑉𝑐 = I 𝑋𝑐 is drawn 90
degrees behind the current vector, as current leads voltage
by 90 degrees in pure capacitive circuit) ̀

Phase angle –

Power –

Power factor –

RLC Series Circuit –

• The RLC Series Circuit is defined as when a pure resistance of R
ohms, a pure inductance of L Henry and a pure capacitance
of C farads are connected together in series combination
with each other.
25 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• As all the three elements are connected in series so, the
current flowing in each element of the circuit will be same
as the total current I flowing in the circuit.

• The voltage across the inductor

L that is 𝑉𝐿 is drawn leads
the current I by a 90-degree angle.
• The voltage across the capacitor c that is Vc is drawn
lagging the current I by a 90-degree angle because in
capacitive load the current leads the voltage by an angle of
90 degrees.

Impedance –

Phase angle –

26 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Power and power factor –

• When 𝑋𝐿 > 𝑋𝐶 , the phase angle ϕ is positive. The circuit

behaves as a RL series circuit in which the current lags
behind the applied voltage and the power factor is lagging.
• When 𝑋𝐿 < 𝑋𝐶 , the phase angle ϕ is negative, and the circuit
acts as a series RC circuit in which the current leads the
voltage by 90 degrees.
• When 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 , the phase angle ϕ is zero, as a result, the
circuit behaves like a purely resistive circuit. In this type of
circuit, the current and voltage are in phase with each
other. The value of power factor is unity.
Applications of RLC Series Circuit-
• It acts as a variable tuned circuit
• It acts as a low pass, high pass, band pass, band stop filters
depending upon the type of frequency.
• The Circuit also works as an oscillator
• Voltage multiplier and pulse discharge circuit
True power and reactive power –

27 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• Real power (P) or (kW), also known as true or active power,
performs the “real work” within an electrical circuit. Real
power, measured in watts, defines the power consumed by
the resistive part of a circuit.
• Reactive power (Q) or (kVAR), (sometimes called wattless
power) is the power consumed in an AC circuit that does
not perform any useful work but has a big effect on the
phase shift between the voltage and current waveforms.
Reactive power is linked to the reactance produced by
inductors and capacitors and counteracts the effects of real
power. Reactive power does not exist in DC circuits.
• there is a mathematical relationship between the real
power (P), and the reactive power (Q), called the complex
power. The product of the rms voltage, V applied to an AC
circuit and the rms current, I flowing into that circuit is
called the “volt-ampere product” (kVA) given the symbol
(S) and whose magnitude is known generally as apparent
power.

Resonance in AC circuits -
28 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• an ac circuit containing reactive element (L and C) is said to
be in resonance when circuit power factor is unity.

1
𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 ⇒ 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 =
2𝜋 𝑓𝐶

1 1
𝑓 2 = 2𝜋𝐿×2𝜋𝐶 = 4𝜋2 𝐿𝐶

1
𝑓 = √4𝜋2 𝐿𝐶

1 1
∴ 𝑓𝑟 = 2𝜋 (𝐻𝑧) or 𝜔𝑟 = (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠)
√𝐿𝐶 √𝐿𝐶

Bandwidth of a series circuit -

𝑓 𝑅 𝑅
BW= 𝑄𝑟 , 𝑓𝐻 − 𝑓𝐿 , 𝑋 (𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑠) or 2𝜋𝑓𝐿(HZ)
𝐿

Q-factor of a series resonant circuit -

29 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝜔𝐿 𝑋𝐿 1 𝑋𝐶 1 𝐿
𝑄= = =𝜔 = = 𝑅 √𝐶
𝑅 𝑅 𝑟 𝐶𝑅 𝑅

Parallel ac circuit –

Where
Admittance (Y): Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance,
Z and is given the symbol Y.

30 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Conductance (G): Conductance is the reciprocal of
resistance, R and is given the symbol G.
Susceptance (B): Susceptance is the reciprocal of a pure
reactance, X and is given the symbol B.

Admittance –

Impedance –

Parallel Resonance –
31 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• Parallel Resonance means when the circuit current is in
phase with the applied voltage of an AC circuit containing
an Inductor and a Capacitor connected together in parallel.
• the parallel resonant circuit can draw a very small current
and power from the mains, therefore, it is also called as
Rejector Circuit.
• Resonant frequency –

If R is very small as compared to L, then Resonant frequency

will be

• Impedance at parallel resonance –

• Q- factor of a parallel resonant circuit –

𝐵𝑐 𝐶
• 𝑄= = 𝑅√𝐿
𝐺

Three Phase System –

• The system which has three phases, i.e., the current will
pass through the three wires, and there will be one neutral

32 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 wire for passing the fault current to the earth is known as
the three-phase system.
Types of Connections in Three-Phase System-
1. Star Connection – The star connection requires four wires
in which there are three phase conductors and one neutral
conductor.
Such type of connection is mainly used for long distance
transmission because it has a neutral point. The neutral
point passes the unbalanced current to the earth and hence
make the system balance.

Relation between line voltage and phase voltage –

𝑉𝐿 = √3 𝑉𝑝ℎ
Relation between line current and phase current –
𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑝ℎ
Power –

33 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅
2. Delta Connection- The delta connection has three wires,
and there is a no neutral point.

Relation between line voltage and phase voltage –

𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑝ℎ
Relation between line current and phase current –
𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝ℎ
Power –
P = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅

Power Factor Correction –

• The power factor correction means bringing the power
factor of an AC circuit nearer to one by using the equipment
which absorbs or supply the reactive power to the circuit.
• Usually, the power factor correction can be done by using
the capacitor and the synchronous motor in the circuit.

34 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• The power factor correction will not change the amount of
true power, but it will reduce the apparent power and the
total current drawn from the load.

Power Factor Correction by using Capacitor Bank-

Where, 𝑉𝐿 = Line voltage

Vp = phase voltage
𝐶∆ = capacitor per phase when the capacitors are connected in
delta
𝐶𝑌 = capacitance per phase when the capacitor are connected
in stars
Qc = Var rating of each phase

Power Factor Correction by Using Synchronous

Condenser-

35 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
• The power factor can also be correct by installing the
specially designed induction motor, known as the
synchronous condenser.
• The synchronous condenser was running without the
mechanical load, and it is connected in parallel with the
load. It absorbs and generates the reactive power (VAR) by
varying the excitation of the motor field winding.
• The synchronous condenser is used for improving the
power factor in bulk. The output of the phase modifier can
be varied smoothly.
• The synchronous condenser has some disadvantage like it
is costly and their installation, maintenance and operation
are also not easy.

36 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
Fleming's Right-Hand Rule:
According to the Fleming's right hand rule, the thumb, fore
finger and middle finger of the right hand are stretched to be
perpendicular to each other as shown in the illustration at
right, and if the thumb represents the direction of the
movement of conductor, fore-finger represents direction of
the magnetic field, then the middle finger represents
direction of the induced current.

Self-inductance:
The property of the coil due to which it opposes any increase
or decrease of current or flux through it is known as self-
inductance. It is measured in terms of self-induction L (in
henry).
Self-induction is sometimes analogously
called electromagnetic or electrical inertia.
Co-efficient of self-induction (L) may be found by the
following relations:

37 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Mutual inductance:
Mutual inductance may be defined as the ability of one coil (or
circuit) to produce e.m.f. in a nearly coil by induction when
the current in the first coil changes. This action being
reciprocal, the second coil can also induce an e.m.f. in the first
coil when current in the second coil changes. This ability of
reciprocal Induction is measured in terms of the coefficient of
mutual induction M.
Co-efficient of mutual induction (M) may be found by the
following relations:

Coefficient of coupling:
The coefficient of coupling (k) between two coils is defined
as the fraction of magnetic flux produced by the current in
one coil that link the other.
M = k√𝐿1 𝐿2

Series Connected Inductors:

Let us consider n number of inductors connected in series
as shown below.

38 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Leq is equivalent inductance of the series combined
inductors. Hence,

Parallel Connected Inductors:

Let us consider n number of inductors connected in
parallel as shown below.

Leq is equivalent inductance of the parallel combined

inductors. Hence,

Effect of Mutual Induction in Series Connected

Inductors:
1. When current enters through the dotted terminal of
inductor 1, the current enters through the dotted terminal of
inductor 2.

39 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
𝑳𝒆𝒒 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 + 𝟐𝑴

2. When current is entering through the dotted terminal of

one inductor and the same current is leaving the dotted
terminal of the other inductor.

𝑳𝒆𝒒 = 𝑳𝟏 + 𝑳𝟐 − 𝟐𝑴

Effect of Mutual Induction in Parallel Connected

Inductors:
3. When dots are given to the same side of two
inductors

4. When dots are given to the opposite side of two inductors

40 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Transients
Resistance-Capacitance transients
When a steady potential difference is switched in and out of
a circuit with a resistor and a capacitor in series, there is
a transient period i.e. a time while the capacitor charges or
discharges.

Charging a Capacitor

With the switch in position 2, and moving clockwise around

the circuit from the battery, the potentials will be:

As the current (i) flows, charge is flowing onto the capacitor,

so the charge stored (q) will increase, i.e.

A loop equation for the instantaneous charge stored on the

capacitor can now be written:

41 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
To solve for the instantaneous charge, the variables are
separated.

The charge stored is zero at time zero, and q at time t.

So, the solution is:

42 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
The potential difference across
the capacitor follows the shape
of the charge curve
since v(C)=q/C.

The potential difference across

the resistor follows the shape
of the current curve
since v(R)=Ri.

Initially all the potential is across the resistor, and finally all
the potential is across the capacitor. The two transient
potentials add up to the battery potential at all times.

Discharging a Capacitor

Initially, with the switch in When the switch is moved

position 2, the circuit from 2 to 1 then a current
current is zero and the will flow to discharge the
capacitor has charge Q=CV. capacitor.

43 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Moving clockwise around the circuit from the switch, the
potentials will be:

Now since charge is flowing off the capacitor, as the current

in the circuit increases, the charge stored will decrease, i.e.

The loop equation for the instantaneous charge stored on the

capacitor can now be written and solved for q:

The current flowing around the circuit is given by:

Resistance-Inductance transients

44 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
When a steady potential difference is switched in and out of a
circuit with a resistor and an inductor in series there is
a transient period while the current reaches a steady value.
Charging an inductor

For the circuit shown, the When the switch is moved

switch is initially at position 1 from position 1 to 2, since the
and there is no current in the coil ideally has no resistance,
circuit. then current will flow till it
reaches a steady value of V/R.

Moving clockwise around the circuit from the battery, the

potentials will be:

Solving for the circuit current

45 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 i.e.

The equation shows that the current through the inductor

approaches the final (steady) current exponentially.
The potential difference across the inductor is given by:

The equation shows that the potential difference across the

inductor jumps to the battery potential and then decreases
to zero exponentially.
Discharging an inductor

When the switch is moved

from 2 to 1 the supply
Initially, the circuit current potential is cut off and the
is V/R. inductor will produce a
forward current to try to
make up the decrease.

46 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Moving clockwise around the circuit from the switch, the
potentials will be:

Solving for the circuit current:

i.e.

The equation shows that the current will start at the original
value and then decrease to zero exponentially.
Using the equation for the current, the potential difference
across the inductor is given by:

47 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
The potential difference switches sign and reduces
exponentially to zero.

MCQs & SOLUTIONS

48 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
MCQs

Q1. The impedance of a parallel circuit is (10-j30) Ω at 1 MHz

the value of circuit elements will be
(a) 10 Ω and 6.4 mH
(b) 100 Ω and 4.7 nF
(c) 10 Ω and 47 mH
(d) 100 Ω and 6.4 nF

Q2. A 50-volt AC is applied across an RC (series) network. The

rms voltage across the resistance is 40 V, then the potential
across the capacitance will be
(a) 40 V
(b) 10 V
(c) 20 V
(d) 30 V

Q3. Which of the following option is true for resonance

condition in series RLC circuits?
(a) 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑅
(b) 𝑋𝐿 > 𝑋𝐶
(c) 𝑋𝐶 = 𝑅
(d) 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶

Q4. A voltage source of 10 sinπt V is connected across a 5 kΩ

resistor. Find respectively, the current through the resistor
and the power dissipated.
(a) 2sinπt mA, 20 sinπt Mw
(b) 2 sinπt mA, 20 sin²πt mW
(c) 2 sinπt mA, 2 sinπt mW
(d) 2 sinπt mA, 5 sin²πt mW

49 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q5. Two alternating voltage are given by 𝑉1 = 120 sin(𝜔𝑡 +
𝜋/3) volts and 𝑉2 = 220 sin (ωt -π/4) volts. The phase
difference between them expressed in degrees is
(a) 105 degrees
(b) 60 degrees
(c) 15 degrees
(d) 50 degrees

Q6. The complex power absorbed by Z in the following AC

circuit given below is the product of

(a) phasor current and conjugate of phasor voltage

(b) phasor voltage and phasor current
(c) phasor voltage and line voltage
(d) phasor voltage and conjugate of phasor

Q7. A sine wave has a maximum value of 30 V. its value at 90°

is?
(a) 30 V
(b) 60 V
(c) 15 V
(d) 0 V

Q8. Which one of the following is the CORRECT relation

between the peak value and RMS value of current for a sine
wave?
(a) 𝐼𝑚𝑠 = 0.06𝐼𝑝
(b) 𝐼𝑚𝑠 = 0.87𝐼𝑝

50 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(c) 𝐼𝑚𝑠 = 1.414𝐼𝑝
(d) 𝐼𝑚𝑠 = 0.707𝐼𝑝

Q9. What will be the capacitance (in mF) of a circuit is

supplied with a 50 Hz frequency and the capacitive reactance
of the circuit is 40 ohms?
(a) 0.4
(b) 0.08
(c) 1.4
(d) 2.6

Q10. What will be the resonant (in kHz) of a tank circuit when
the capacitance and inductance of the circuit is 0.04 mF and
0.04 mH respectively?
(a) 8
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) 1

Q11. Determine the capacitive reactance (in Ohms) of a

circuit, if the supplied frequency is 50 Hz and the capacitance
of the circuit is 60 micro-Farad.
(a) 52.4
(b) 53.1
(c) 54.4
(d) 55.5

Q12. Determine the transient time (in seconds) of a series RC

circuit, when the capacitance of the circuit is 4mF and the
resistance of the circuit is 6 kilo-Ohms.
(a) 24
(b) 22
51 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(c) 20
(d) 18

Q13. Which of the following is the expression for quality

factor of parallel RLC circuit?
1 𝐿
(a) 𝑅 √𝐶
1 𝑅
(b) 𝐿 √𝐶
𝐶
(c) 𝑅√
𝐿
𝑅
(d) 𝐶√ 𝐿

Q14. At resonant frequency, the impedance of the series RLC

circuit is…………
(a) purely resistive
(b) purely inductive
(c) purely capacitive
(d) zero

Q15. Which of the following represents the relation between

the peak and average value of current for a sine wave?
(a) 1𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.707𝐼𝑝
(b) 1𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 1.414𝐼𝑝
(c) 1𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.874𝐼𝑝
(d) 1𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.637𝐼𝑝

Q16. Determine the average value of alternating current (in

A) when the peak value of current is 14 A.

52 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 8.92
(b) 6.56
(c) 4.26
(d) 2.94

Q17. Determine the capacitive reactance (in Ohms) of a series

resonant circuit, when the circuit is supplied by a frequency
of 50 Hz and having a capacitance of 0.04 mF,
(a) 65.65
(b) 79.62
(c) 82.26
(d) 84.64

Q18. What will be the resonant frequency (in kHz) of a tank

circuit, when the capacitance and inductance of the circuit is
0.06 mF and 0.06 mH respectively?
(a) 1.45
(b) 1.85
(c) 2.65
(d) 3.25

Q19. A series RLC circuit has a capacitance, inductance and

resistance of 0.018 mF, 2 mH and 10 Ohms respectively. what
is the resonant frequency (in kHz) of the circuit?
(a) 13.26
(b) 26.52
(c) 53.04
(d) 79.56

Q20. What is the value of quality factor of a series RLC circuit

having capacitance of 0.01 mF, inductance of 1 mH and
resistance of 75 Ohms?
53 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 0.133
(b) 0.267
(c) 1.333
(d) 2.667

Q21. Which of the following is CORRECT about series RLC

circuit?
(a) Its bandwidth decreases with decreases is inductance.
(b) Its bandwidth decreases with decrease in resistance.
(c) Its bandwidth decreases with increase in resistance.
(d) Its bandwidth is independent of both inductance and
resistance.

Q22. A parallel RLC circuit is being supplied by a DC source as

shown in the figure below. What is the value of current
flowing through the resistor (in A)?

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 4

Q23. Calculate the induced emf (in V) in the inductor of a

series RL circuit having inductance of 1.8 H and resistance of
90 Ohms after 20 milli-seconds when supplied by a 20 v DC
source.
54 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 7.36
(b) 10.03
(c) 14.76
(d) 20

Q24. A circuit having power factor of 0.8 consumes 40 W.

what will be the value of reactive power (in VAR) of the
circuit?
(a) 20
(b) 40
(c) 30
(d) 10

Q25. A parallel RLC circuit is being supplied by a DC source as

shown in the figure below. What is the value of current
flowing through the capacitor (in A)?

(a) 0
(b) 0.5
(c) 1
(d) 2

Q26. What is the value of the total impedance (in ohms) of a

tank circuit working at resonant frequency having a
capacitance of 0.01 mF and an inductance of 0.01 mH?
(a) 0
(b) 10
(c) 100
(d) ∞
55 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q27. Which of the following represents the quality factor of a
series RLC circuit?
1 𝐿
(a) 𝑅 √𝐶
1 𝐶
(b) 𝑅 √ 𝐿
𝐿
(c) 𝑅2 𝐶
𝐶
(d) 𝑅2 𝐿

Q28. What will be the value of average power (in W), if a

sinusoidal voltage applied across a series RC circuit is 20
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 V and the current flowing in the circuit is 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 −
60)A?
(a) 50
(b) 60
(c) 80
(d) 100

Q29. The inductive reactance of a circuit is 60 Ohms when it

is supplied with a 50 Hz supply. What will be the value of
inductive reactance (in Ohms) of the circuit, if it is supplied
with 60 Hz supply?

(a) 72
(b) 86
(c) 94
(d) 105

56 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q30. Calculate the value of the quality factor of a series RLC
circuit having resistance, inductance and capacitance of 30
Ohms, 27 mH and 0.03 mF respectively:
(a) 0.86
(b) 1
(c) 2.6
(d) 3

Q31. Determine the instantaneous value of the alternating

current (in A), which is represented by i(t) = 10 sin (25t-15)
A, if the value of t is 3?
(a) 9.36
(b) 7.87
(c) 8.66
(d) 4.42

Q32. What will be the time (in seconds) taken by the inductor
reach its maximum steady state value in a series RL circuit,
when the value of the inductance is 0.8 and the value of the
resistance is 10 Ohms?
(a) 0.2
(b) 0.6
(c) 0.4
(d) 0.8

Q33. When the phase sequence of supply currents is

reversed, then the direction of rotation of the resultant
magnetic field wave:
(a) not unchanged
(b) to and fro
(c) reversed
(d) None of these
57 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q34. For the circuit shown below, the voltage (in V) across 4
mF capacitor is ………….

(a) 37.3
(b) 3.73
(c) 0.373
(d) 37

Q35. The maximum voltage induced in the coil is 200 V and

the rotation angle of the coil is 45 degrees with respect to the
coil. Find the instantaneous value of the sinusoidal waveform
produced
(a) 200 sin45°
(b) 200 cos45°
200
(c) 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛45°
√
200
(d) 𝑐𝑜𝑠45°
√2

Q36. A sinusoidal voltage applied across a series R-C circuit is

given by 40 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 V. the current flowing in the circuit is
20𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡 − 45°) A. determine the value of average power (in
W.)

58 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 282.84
(b) 286.64
(c) 288.04
(d) 292.24

Q37. What is the value of capacitive susceptance (in siemens)

of the circuit given below?

(a) 0.0314
(b) 0.314
(c) 31.83
(d) 318.3

Q38. A coil of resistance 10 Ohms and inductance 10 mH is

connected in a series with a 0.01 mF capacitor. Find the value
of current (in A) at resonance, if the circuit is connected
across 10 V supply.
(a) 10
(b) 1
(c) 14.14
(d) 1.414

Q39. In an R-C-L series circuit, during resonance, the

impedance will be ………….
(a) Zero
(b) Minimum
(c) Maximum
(d) None of these
59 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q40. Which of the following is required in series RLC circuit
to get Q > 1?
(a) 𝑋𝐿 > 𝑅
(b) 𝑋𝐿 < 𝑅
(c) 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑅
(d) None of these

Q41. By which of the following elements transients will not

occur?
(a) L
(b) C
(c) R
(d) All of these

Q42. Which statement is true for an AC circuit?

(a) Active power is always more than the reactive
(b) Active power cannot be more than the reactive power
(c) Active power cannot be more than the apparent power
(d) Active power is always less than the apparent power

Q43. What will be the current of sinusoidal source? In the

circuit shown below:

(a) 20A
(b) Cannot define by the given information
(c) 4A
(d) 25 A
60 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q44. A series R-L-C Circuit has a resonant frequency of 1000
Hz. The maximum voltage across C is likely to occur at a
frequency of about:
(a) 1025 Hz
(b) 1000 Hz
(c) 900 Hz
(d) 2000 Hz

Q45. RMS value of sinusoidal current is given by:

(a) √2 times maximum value of current
1
(b) 2 times maximum value of current
√
(c) √3 times maximum value of current
(d) 1.11 times maximum value of current

Q46. A cable carries a current of 1A vertically upwards. What

will be the magnetic field produced by it at a point 10 cm
north?
(a) 0.02μ Wb/m² east to west
(b) 0.02μ Wb/m² west to east
(c) 2μ Wb/m² east to west
(d) None of these

Q47. At resonance in a parallel RLC circuit, the source current

and the inductor current are:
(a) In phase
(b) 45° out of phase
(c) 90° out of phase
(d) 180° out of phase

61 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q48. In RLC circuit inductance is 20 mH and capacitance is
200 micro Farad. Find the resonance frequency of the circuit.
(a) 1000 rad/sec
(b) 250 rad/sec
(c) 500 rad/sec
(d) 50 rad/sec

Q49. The current in a circuit follows the relation I 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡.

If frequency is 50 Hz, how long will it take for the current to
rise to 100 A
(a) 3.33 ms
(b) 5.98 ms
(c) 0.32 ms
(d) 1.66 ms

Q50. If the alternating current equation is I = 64.8 sin 423t.

what will be the average current?
(a) 41.21 A
(b) 67.45 A
(c) 5.99 A
(d) 56.78 A

Q51. Which one of the following conditions is true about

parallel RLC circuit?
(a) 𝐼𝑅 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐶 , 𝐼𝐶 = 𝑉/𝑅, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐿
(b) 𝑉𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅, 𝑉𝐿 = 1. 𝑋𝐿 𝑉𝐶 = 1. 𝑋𝐶
(c) 𝐼𝑅 = 𝑉/𝑅, 𝐼𝐶 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐶 , 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐿
(d) 𝐼𝑅 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐿 , 𝐼𝐶 = 𝑉/𝑅, 𝐼𝐿 = 𝑉/𝑋𝐶

Q52. For a series RLC circuit, R = 10Ω, inductive reactance 𝑋𝐿

= 20Ω and capacitive reactance 𝑋𝐶 = 20Ω. If the applied
voltage is 100 V AC, then current in the circuit is:
62 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 5A
(b) 10A
(c) 20A
(d) 0A

Q53. A sinusoidal wave V = 100 sin (314.15t). what is its

instantaneous value at 0.02 s and 0.005 s?
(a) 0; 100
(b) 100; 0
(c) 10; 100
(d) 100; 10

Q54. A series RLC circuit consisting of R = 10 Ω, 𝑋𝐿 = 20 Ω

and 𝑋𝐶 = 20 Ω, is connected across an AC supply of V (rms).
The magnitude and pulse angle (with respect to supply
Voltage) of the voltage across the induction coil are
respectively.
(a) 100 V; 90°
(b) 100 V; -90°
(c) 200; V-90°
(d) 200 V; 90°

Q55. The impedance of a circuit is given by Z = 3 + j4. its

conductance will be:
3
(a)
4
3
(b) 25
1
(c) 3
3
(d) 7

63 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q56. The RMS value of a sine wave having peak value 𝑉𝑚 over
one cycle is ___________.
𝑉
(a) 𝑚2
√
𝑉𝑚
(b) 𝜋
(c) 𝑉𝑚
(d) Zero

Q57. The average value of an AC sine voltage in half cycle is

equal to ______
(a) 1.414 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
(b) 0.707 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
(c) 1.1 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
(d) 0.318 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

Q58. Obtain the relation between 𝑖𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑚 for the given

network.

(a) 𝑖𝑚 = −4𝑖𝑎
(b) 𝑖𝑚 = 3𝑖𝑎
(c) 𝑖𝑚 = 2𝑖𝑎
(d) 𝑖𝑚 = −2𝑖𝑎

Q59. The voltage applied to a purely inductive coil of self –

inductance 5/π mH is given by the equation V = 100 sin
(100π) + 75 sin (500πt) V. find the equation for the resulting
current wave.
64 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 𝑖 = 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (100𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋) + 30 sin(500𝜋𝑡 + 𝜋) 𝐴
(b) 𝑖 = 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (100𝜋𝑡 − 𝜋) + 30 sin(500𝜋𝑡 − 𝜋) 𝐴
𝜋 𝜋
(c) 𝑖 = 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (100𝜋𝑡 + 2 ) + 30 sin (500𝜋𝑡 + 2 ) 𝐴
𝜋 𝜋
(d) 𝑖 = 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (100𝜋𝑡 − 2 ) + 30 sin (500𝜋𝑡 − 2 ) 𝐴

Q60. 50 Hz, 230 V is applied to a full – wave rectifier. Its

output frequency is
(a) 100Hz
(b) 50 rad/s
(c) 25 Hz
(d) 50 Hz

Q61. Crest or amplitude factor of an alternating quantity is

defined as the ratio:
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
(a) 𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
(b) 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
(c) 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒
(d) 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒

Q62. The current through a resistor has a waveform as shown

in the following figure. The reading shown by a moving coil
ammeter will be:

65 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 5/𝜋𝐴
(b) 2.5/√2𝐴
(c) 5√2 𝐴
(d) 5A

Q63. The polar form of a vector is 20∠60. What is the

rectangular form of that vector?
(a) 10 + j 17.33
(b) 15 + j 17.33
(c) 15 – j 15.33
(d) 10 + j 10.33

Q64. To a highly inductive circuit, a small capacitance is

added in series. The angle between voltage and current
will……
(a) increases
(b) decreases
(c) remain nearly the same
(d) become indeterminant

Q65. The damping ratio of a series RLC circuit can be

expressed as _____
(a) (2/𝑅) × [(𝐿/𝐶 )1/2 ]
(b) (2𝐿)/(𝑅2 𝐶)
(c) (𝑅/2) × [(𝐶/𝐿)1/2 ]
(d) (𝑅2 𝐶 )/(2𝐿)

Q66. A coil with large distributed capacitance has:

(a) low resistance
(b) low Q
(c) low resonant frequency
66 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(d) high resonant frequency

Q67. Two current having r.m.s values 50A and 75A with a
phase difference of 60°. What is resultant sum of these two
currents?
(a) 50 + 75j
(b) 75 + 50j
(c) 64.49 – 87.5j
(d) 87.5 – 64.9j

Q68. At a frequency less than the resonant frequency_____:

(a) series circuit is capacitive and parallel circuit
(b) series circuit is inductive and parallel circuit is capacitive
(c) both circuits are inductive
(d) both circuits are capacitive

Q69. In a R-L series circuit the power factor P.F. is ………….

(a) Leading
(b) Lagging
(c) 0
(d) 1

Q70. The impulse response of an R-L circuit is a __:

(a) rising exponential function
(b) decaying exponential function
(c) step function
(d) parabolic function

67 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q71. The current through a resistor has a waveform as shown
in the following figure. The reading shown by a moving coil
ammeter will be:

(a) 5/𝜋𝐴
(b) 2.5/√2𝐴
(c) 5√2 𝐴
(d) 5A

Q72. The reactance offered by a capacitor to ac of frequency

of 50 Hz is 10Ω if the frequency is increased to 100 Hz
reactance becomes…….
(a) 20 Ω
(b) 5 Ω
(c) 2.5 Ω
(d) 40 Ω

Q73. Purely inductive circuit takes power from the ac mains

when………
(a) Both applied voltage and current increases
(b) Both applied voltage and current decrease
(c) Applied voltage decreases but current increases
(d) Applied Voltage increases but current decreases

Q74. The R-1, Circuit of the figure is Fed from a constant

magnitude variable frequency sinusoidal voltage source 𝑉𝑚 At
100 Hz, the R and I element each has a voltage drop 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 if the
68 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
frequency of the source is changed to 50 Hz, then new voltage
drop across R is:

5
(a) √8 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
3
(b) √2 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
8
(c) √5 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
3
(d) √2 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠

Q75. The voltage phaser of a circuit is 10∠15°𝑉 and the

current phasor is 2∠-45°A. the active and reactive power in
the circuit are ………….
(a) 10 W and 17.32 VAR
(b) 5 W and 8.6 VAR
(c) 20 W and 60 VAR
(d) 20√2 𝑊 and 10√2 𝑉𝐴𝑅

Q76. When AC voltage is applied across pure resistor, pure

inductor and pure capacitor separately, the true statement is:
(a) V & I are in phase for resistor, V leads I for inductor & I
leads V for capacitor
(b) V & I are in phase for resistor, V leads I for capacitor & I
leads V for inductor

69 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(c) V & I are phase for capacitor, V leads I for inductor & I leads
V for resistor
(d) V& I are in phase for inductor, V leads I for resistor & I
leads V for capacitor

Q77. Q-meter is based on characteristics of

(a) Parallel resonant circuit
(b) Series parallel circuit
(c) Series resonant circuit
(d) Inductive reactance circuit

Q78. Q-factor is defined as the ratio of

(a) Resistance/ inductance of reactive element
(b) Resistance/capacitance of reactive element
(c) reactance of reactive element to Resistance
(d) Resistance to susceptance of reactive element

Q79. What is the nature of supply current in parallel RC circuit

with reference to the voltage?
(a) In phase
(b) Lags by 90 degree
(c) Leads by 90 degree
(d) Compensates and becomes zero

Q80. A choke coil having resistance RΩ and of inductance L

Henry is shunted by a capacitor of C farads. The dynamic
impedance of the resonant circuit would be:
(a) R/LC
(b) C/RL
(c) L/RC
(d) L/RLC

70 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q81. A parallel combination of capacitance C and resistance
R is connected in series with inductance L and small
resistance r. under what condition will the circuit be non-
reactive?
(a) C = LR
(b) C = LR²
(c) C = L/R²
(d) C = L/R

Q82. For a parallel R-L-C circuit the frequency terms are given
by 1/√𝐿𝐶 and 1/√2𝑅𝐶 the system is said to be over-damped
if-
(a) (1/√𝐿𝐶) > (1/√2𝑅𝐶)
(b) (1/√𝐿𝐶) = (1/√2𝑅𝐶)
(c) (1/√𝐿𝐶) < (1/√2𝑅𝐶)
(d) (1/√𝐿𝐶)𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 (1/√2𝑅𝐶)

Q83. In a sinusoidal steady state system, a circuit consisting

of an independent voltage source in series with an impedance
delivers maximum average power to the load impedance Z
when-
(a) 𝑍𝐿 = 𝐿𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛
∗
(b) 𝑍𝐿 = 𝑍𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛
(c) 𝑍𝐿 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑍𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑖𝑛
(d) None of the other options

Q84. Find the Thevenin’s equivalent to the left of terminal x-

y in the given below network –

71 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 1
(a) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 1 𝑉2 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 2 Ω
(b) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 2 𝑉1 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 1Ω
1
(c) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 3 𝑉1 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 2 Ω
(d) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 3 𝑉1 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 1Ω

Q85. Find the Theremin’s equivalent circuit across the 2V

source. Given that
𝐼𝑂 = 3𝐴

(a) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 15𝑉, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 10Ω

(b) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 30𝑉, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 15Ω
10
(c) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 15𝑉, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 3 Ω
10
(d) 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 30𝑉, 𝑅𝑡ℎ = Ω
3

Q86. Thevenin’s equivalent circuit consists of

(a) current source and series impedance
(b) Voltage source and series impedance
(c) Voltage source and shunt impedance
(d) current source and shunt impedance

72 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q87. For the network shown below, the current flowing
through the 5Ω resistance will be-

37
(a) 25 𝐴
40
(b) 28 𝐴
39
(c) 28 𝐴
41
(d) 28 𝐴

Q88. Find the value of 𝑉𝑂 & 𝐼𝑂 respectively in the given circuit

below-

(a) 3V, 24 A
(b) 12 V, 6A
(c) 6V, 12A
(d) 6V, 24A

73 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q89. The algebraic sum of all the voltage around any closed
path is-
(a) Negative
(b) Zero
(c) One
(d) Infinite

Q90. Which one of the following laws is based on the principle

of conservation of electric charge?
(a) Kirchhoff’s current law
(b) Kirchhoff’s voltage law
(c) Ohm’s law
(d) Coulomb’s law

Q91. The source resistance of an ideal voltage source should

be-
(a) one
(b) Zero
(c) infinite
(d) greater than 1

Q92. Tellegen’s theorem is based on the principle of law of

_________________.
(a) Conservation of charge
(b) Conservation of mass
(c) Conservation of velocity
(d) conservation of energy

Q93. Determine the value of source impedance (in ohms) for

transmitting maximum power. To the load in the circuit given
below: -

74 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 7 + j3
(b) 7 – j3
(c) 3 + j7
(d) 3- j7

Q94. What will be the maximum power (in W) transferred

from the source to the load of the circuit given below: -

(a) 40
(b) 20
(c) 30
(d) 50

Q95. What will be the value of current in (A) through the 50Ω
resistor of the given circuit below?

75 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4

Q96. Determine Thevenin’s equivalent resistance (in ohms)

and voltage (V) respectively across terminal x-y for the given
electrical circuit –

(a) 12, 40
(b) 20, 80
(c) 10, 30
(d) 10, 50

Q97. The value of current (I) in the following figure is

(a) 3A
(b) 4A
(c) 5A
(d) 6A

76 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q98. The condition for the validity of ohms law is that the
(a) Temperature should remain constant
(b) Current should be proportional to voltage
(c) Resistance must be wire wound type
(d) All of the above

Q99. The hot resistance of the filament of a bulb is higher

than the cold resistance because the coefficient of the
filament is
(a) Negative
(b) Infinite
(c) Zero
(d) Positive

Q100. Which of the following is not bilateral element?

(a) Constant current source
(b) Resister
(c) Inductor
(d) Capacitor

Q101. The circuit having same properties in either direction

is known as
(a) Bilateral
(b) Unilateral
(c) Irreversible
(d) Reversible

Q102. The element which are not capable of delivering

energy by its own are known as
77 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
(a) Unilateral elements
(b) Nonlinear elements
(c) Passive elements
(d) Active elements

Q103. The network having more than one source of emf is

known as …. network.
(a) Passive
(b) Active
(c) Linear
(d) Non linear

Q104. A network in which all the elements are physically

separable is called a
(a) Distributed Network
(b) Lumped Network
(c) Passive Network
(d) Reactive Network

Q105. Convert the voltage source shown in Fig. to an

equivalent current source.

(a) 2.4 A in parallel with 2.5 Ω resistor

(b) 3 A in parallel with 50 Ω resistor
(c) 2.4 A in series with 25 Ω resistor
(d) none of above.
78 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q106. Find the Thevenin equivalent circuit to the left of
terminals A and B in Fig.

(a) 𝐸𝑇ℎ = 6 𝑉, 𝑅𝑇ℎ = 5 Ω

(b) 𝐸𝑇ℎ = 3.5 𝑉, 𝑅𝑇ℎ = 4.5 Ω
(c) 𝐸𝑇ℎ = 4 𝑉, 𝑅𝑇ℎ = 6.67 Ω
(d) 𝐸𝑇ℎ = 8 𝑉, 𝑅𝑇ℎ = 4 Ω

Q107. Find the Norton equivalent current source at terminals

x-y in Fig.

(a) 𝐼𝑁 = 4 𝑚𝐴, 𝑅𝑁 = 5 Ω
(b) 𝐼𝑁 = 1 𝐴, 𝑅𝑁 = 3.5 Ω
(c) 𝐼𝑁 = 2.5 𝐴, 𝑅𝑁 = 6Ω
(d) 𝐼𝑁 = 3.3 𝐴, 𝑅𝑁 = 6.67Ω

79 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q108. The sum of the following two e.m.f.s will be …….
𝑒1 = 10 sin 𝜔𝑡 ; 𝑒2 = 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜔𝑡
(a) 10
(b) 20 sin 𝜔𝑡
(c) 14.14 cos𝜔𝑡
𝜋
(d) 14.14 sin (𝜔𝑡 + 4 )

Q109. A series L-C circuit is suddenly connected to a dc

Voltage source of V volts. The current in the series circuit, just
After the switch is closed, is equal to
𝑉
(a) 𝐿
𝑉
(b) 𝐶
(c) zero
𝑉
(d) 𝐿𝐶

Q110. For transfer of maximum power in the circuit shown in

Fig below, the value of 𝑅𝐿 should be …….

(a) 3.5 Ω
(b) 6.4 Ω
(c) 7.4 Ω
(d) 15 Ω
80 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q111. Fig. (ii) shows Norton’s equivalent circuit of Fig. (I).
The value of 𝑅𝑁 is …….
(a) 5 Ω
(b) 4.5 Ω
(c) 10.5 Ω
(d) None of the above

Q112. The open-circuited voltage at the terminals of load

𝑅𝐿 is 30 V. Under the condition of
maximum power transfer, the load voltage will be …….
(a) 30 V
(b) 10 V
(c) 5 V
(d) 15 V

Q113. The output resistance of a voltage source is 4 Ω. Its

internal resistance will be ……
(a) 4 Ω
(b) 2 Ω
(c) 1 Ω
(d) infinite

81 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q114. The current in 3 kΩ resistor in Fig. given below by
converting the current source into voltage source is

(a) 10 mA
(b) 12 mA
(c) 6 mA
(d) 5 mA

Q115. In the following circuit, i(t) under steady state is

(a) Zero
(b) 5
(c) 7.07 sin t
(d) 7.07 sin (t-45°)

Q116. In the series RC circuit shown in figure below, the

voltage across C starts increasing when the dc source is
switched ON. The rate of increase of voltage across c at the
instant just after the switch is closed (𝑖𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 𝑂 + ) will be –

82 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 (a) Zero
(b) infinity
(c) RC
1
(d) 𝑅𝐶

Q117. An ideal voltage source will charge an ideal capacitor

(a) in infinite time
(b) exponentially
(c) instantaneously
(d) none of the above

Q118. In the circuit shown below, the switch S is closed at

time (t = 0). The voltage across the inductance at 𝑡 = 0+ is-

(a) 2V
(b) 4V
(c) -6V
(d) 8V
83 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q119. In given figure, the initial voltage across capacitor is
zero. The switch is closed at t = 0. The final steady state
voltage across the capacitor is-

(a) 20V
(b) 10V
(c) 5V
(d) 0V

Q120. In the circuit shown below, when at t = 0 switch is

closed. It is in steady state. Assuming that the inductance is
ideal, the current flowing through the inductor at t = 𝑂+
equals: -

(a) 0A
(b) 0.5 A
(c) 1 A
(d) 2 A
84 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q121. In the following figure, 𝐶1 and 𝐶2 are ideal capacitors.
𝐶1 has been charged to 12 V before the ideal switch S is closed
at t = 0. The current i(t) for al t is-

(a) Zero
(b) a step functions
(c) an exponentially decaying function
(d) an impulse function

Q122. If a 10 µF capacitor is connected to a voltage source

with v(t) = 50 sin 2000t volt, then the current through the
capacitor is -------------A.
(a) 106 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2000𝑡
(b) 5 × 10−4 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2000 𝑡
(c) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2000 𝑡
(d) 500 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2000 𝑡

Q123. In a series resonant circuit, the impedance at half

power frequencies is -
(a) 2R
𝑅
(b) 2
√
(c) √2𝑅
(d) 𝑅⁄2
85 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q124. Calculate the total inductance (in H) of the circuit
shown below –

(a) 5.33
(b) 8.77
(c) 10.5
(d) 11.9

86 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
SOLUTIONS
Q1. Ans.(b)
Sol. Z = (10 – j30) Ω

1
Admittance (γ) = 𝑍
1
=
10−𝑗 30
1 (10+𝑗 30)
= (10−𝑗30) × (10+𝑗30)
(10+𝑗30)
= (10)2 +(30)²
10 30
= 1000 + 𝑗 1000
1 𝑗30
= 100 + 1000
1 𝑗
γ=𝑅+𝑋
𝐶
So, R = 100 Ω
1
= 30 × 10−3
𝑋𝐶
1
= 2𝜋 𝑓𝑐
𝑋𝐶
⇒ 30 × 10−3 = 𝜋 × 10𝐵 × 𝐶
30×10−3
⇒C= 3 𝜋×106
= 4.7 × 10 𝐹 −9

= 4.7 ηF
R = 100Ω
]
C = 4.7 η F
87 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q2. Ans.(d)
Sol.

(𝑉𝑆 )2 = (𝑉𝑅 )2 + (𝑉𝐶 )2

(50)2 + (40)2 + (𝑉𝐶 )2
⇒ 𝑉𝐶 = √2500 − 1600
= 30 V

Q3. Ans.(d)
Sol. In case of series Resonance, 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 and Total impedance
(z) = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2
= √(𝑅)2 + (0)2
⇒ 𝑍=𝑅
𝑅 𝑅
and Power factor (cosϕ) = 𝑍 = 𝑅 = 1
So, in series Resonance,
Z = 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅
pf = unity,

Q4. Ans.(b)
Sol.

88 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
given 𝑉𝑆 = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋𝑡
i.e., w = π
𝑉𝑚 10
𝐼𝑚 = = 5×103
𝑅
= 2 mA
So, I = 𝐼𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑡
𝐼 = 2 sin 𝜋 sin 𝜋 𝑚 𝐴
and power = VI
= (10 sin πt) × (2sin π t) mW
𝑃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜋𝑡 𝑚𝑊

Q5. Ans.(a)
Sol. Given that,
𝑉1 = 120 sin(ωt + 𝜋/3)
𝑉2 = 220 sin(ωt − 𝜋/4)
i.e.,

𝜙 = 𝜙1 – ϕ2
𝜋
= 3 − (−𝜋/4)
4𝜋+3 𝜋
= 12
7𝜋
= rad
12
7𝜋 180
= 12 × degree
𝜋
= 105°.
89 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q6. Ans.(d)
Sol. Complex power (S) = V × I ∗
↓
Conjugate of I

Q7. Ans.(a)
Sol. Let V = 𝑉𝑚 sin cot or 𝑉𝑚 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Given, 𝑉𝑚 = 30𝑉
when θ = 90°
V = 30° (sin90°)
= 30 × 1
= 30 V

Q8. Ans.(d)
𝐼𝑚 𝐼𝑃
Sol. For a sine wave, 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = =
√ 2 √2
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 0707 Ip

Q9. Ans.(b)
Sol. given that,
𝑋𝐶 = 40 Ω
f = 50 Hz
C =? (in mF)
1 1
𝑋𝐶 = 𝑗𝑤𝑐 = 𝑗 2𝜋 𝑓𝑐
1
So, C = 𝑋
𝐶 (2𝜋𝑓)
1
= 40×2 3.14×50
90 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 1
=
2×103 ×6.28
10−3
= 12.48
= 0.08 mF

Q10. Ans.(c)
Sol. Resonant frequency of tank circuit:
1
𝑓𝑟 =
2𝜋 √𝐿𝐶
1
=
2𝜋√0.04×10−3 ×0.04×10−3
1
= 2×3.14×0.04×10−3
103
= 6.25×0.04
1
= .2512 kHZ
≃ 4 𝑘𝐻𝑍

Q11. Ans.(b)
1
Sol. Capacitive reactance (𝑋𝐶 ) = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐
1
= 2×3.14×50×60×10−6
= 53.1 Ω

Q12. Ans.(a)
Sol. Transient time for series RC circuit = 𝜏.
i.e., 𝜏 = RC
= 6×10³ × 4 × 10−30 sec
= 24 sec.

91 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q13. Ans.(c)
Sol. Quality factor for parallel RLC circuit:
𝑄𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 = R√𝐶/𝐿
1
for series RLC, Q = 𝑅 √𝐿/𝐶

Q14. Ans.(a)
Sol. For parallel RLC circuit: at Resonance
Z = 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅
and 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶

Q15. Ans.(d)
Sol. For sine wave:
2 𝐼𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 0.636 𝐼𝑝
𝜋

Q16. Ans.(a)
Sol. For AC circuit, 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0.636 𝐼𝑝
= 0.636 × 14
= 8.92 A

92 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Q17. Ans.(b)
1
Sol. Capacitive reactance = 𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐
1
⇒ 𝑋𝐶 = 2×3.14×50×0.04×103
= 79.61 Ω

Q18. Ans.(c)
Sol. For tank circuit, Resonant frequency (fr)
1
fr = 2 𝜋
√𝐿𝐶
1
=
2 𝜋√0.06×10−5 ×0.06×10−3
1
= 2×3.14×0.06×10−3
= 2.65 kHZ

Q19. Ans. None

Sol. For series RLC circuit:
1
Resonant frequency (𝑓𝑟 ) = 2𝜋
√𝐿𝐶
1
= =840 khz
6.28√0.098×10−3 ×2×10−3

S20. Ans.(a)
Sol. For a series RLC circuit
1 𝐿
Quality factor (Q) = 𝑅 √𝐶

1 1×10−3
= ×√
75 0.01×103
10
= 75= 0.133

93 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S21. Ans.(b)
Sol. For a series RLC circuit:
1
Quality factor (Q) = 𝑅 √𝐿/𝐶
𝑅
Bandwidth (BW) = 𝐿
i.e. 𝐵𝑊 𝛼 𝑅
So, bandwidth decreased with decreasing resistance.

S22. Ans.(c)
Sol. Given circuit is,

and this parallel circuit is operated with 20V Dc supply.

So, for DC, f = o
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 𝑜 (short circuit)
1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋 𝑑𝑐 = ∞ (open circuit)
So, capacitive circuit will behave as open circuit and inductive
will behave as short circuit.
Redrawing circuit

𝑉 20
I = 𝑅 = 10
= 2 A.
94 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S23. Ans.(a)
Sol. Given, L = 1.8H
R = 90Ω
for a series RL circuit, Time constant (τ) =𝐿/𝑅
1.8
i.e. τ = =0.02 s
90
during one time period (i.e. τ = 20ms), inductor will charge
36.7%
20×36.7
𝑒𝐿 = = 7.36 volt
100

S24. Ans.(c)
Sol. Given that, P = 40 𝑊
pf = cos ϕ = 0.8
40
⇒ VA = 0.8 = 50 W
Q = VA sin ϕ
= 50 √1 − (0.8)2
= 50 √0.36
= 50 × 0.6=30 VAR.

S25. Ans.(a)
Sol. Behaviors of L & C for DC circuit
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = π L (0) = 0 (short circuit)
1 1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 = 0
=∞ (open circuit)

95 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S26. Ans.(d)
Sol. Tank circuit produces an electromagnetic frequency. So,
it is used in telecommunication technology. These circuits are
used for tuning transmitters and receivers of radio.
Circuit diagram of tank circuit

at the time of resonance, the impedance of tank circuit is

known as Dynamic impedance (Z).
𝐿
Z = 𝑅𝐶
1
So, At Resonance Z = = ∞
𝐶(0)

S27. Ans.(a)
Sol. Quality factor for series RLC circuit.
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑐𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐿 𝑜𝑟𝑐
Q= 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒
𝐼𝑅 𝑋𝐿
Q= 𝐼𝑅 𝑅
𝑋𝐿 𝜔𝐿
Q= =
𝑅 𝑅
𝐿 1
=𝑅×
√𝐿𝐶

1 𝐿
𝑄 = 𝑅 √𝐶

96 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S28. Ans.(a)
Sol. 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 . = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos (θ𝑉 − θi )
20 10
= × 𝑐𝑜𝑠 60°
√ 2 √2
1
= 100 × 2
= 50 W

S29. Ans.(a)
60
Sol. 𝑋𝐿2 = 50×60=72 Ω

S30. Ans.(b)
Sol. Quality factor for series RLC circuit having parameter:
R = 30 Ω
L = 27 mH
C = 0.03 mF

1 𝐿
Q = 𝑅 √𝐶
1
= 30 × 30
=1

S31. Ans.(c)
Sol. i(t) = 10sin (25t–15) A
t=3
So, i (t) = 10sin 60⁰ A
3
{𝑖(𝑡)}𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡 = 10 × √
2
= 8.66 A
97 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S32. Ans.(c)
Sol. Time taken to reach find steady sate = 5 τ
𝐿
= 5 × (𝑅 )
0.8
= 5 × ( 10 )
= 5 × 0.08
= 0.4 second

S33. Ans.(c)
Sol. If the phase sequence of supply current is reversed, then
direction of the resultant magnetic field wave will be
reversed.

S34. Ans.(b)
Sol. For given circuit (i.e. series RLC), I
will be same.
So, 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑋𝐶 𝐼
1 1
𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐 = 2×3.14×50×4×10−3
= 0.73 Ω
& 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 = 2 × 3.14 × 50 × 015
= 47.10 Ω
Z = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 )2
= √(5)2 (47.10 − 0.79)2
= 43.57 Ω
𝑉 220
So, I = 𝑍 = 46.57 = 4.72 A

98 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
So, 𝑉𝐶 = ×𝐶 I
= 0.79 × (4.72)
= 3.73 volt.

S35. Ans.(a)
Sol. given that, 𝑉𝑚 = 200 V
ϕ = 45°
So, V = 𝑉𝑚 sin wt
or, V = 𝑉𝑚 sin θ
= 200 sin 45°

S36. Ans.(a)
Sol. V = 40 sin wt
↓
𝑉𝑚
I = 20 sin (wt – 45°)
So, ϕ = θV − θi
= 0 – (–45°)
= 45°
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔. = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos ϕ
40 20
= × cos 45°
√2 √2
800 1
= ×
2 √2
= 200 √2 W
= 200 ×1.4
= 28 2.8000
= 282.8 watt

99 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com

If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S37. Ans.(a)
1
Sol. Capacitive susceptance (Bc) = 𝑋
𝐶
= 2π fc
= 2×3.14 × 50 × 0.1 × 10−3
= 6.28 × 5 × 10−3 S
= 31.40 × 10−3 S
= 0.0314 S

S38. Ans.(b)
Sol. In case of series Resonance Z = R
𝑉 𝑉 10
and I = 𝑍 = 𝑅 = 10
=1A

S39. Ans.(b)
Sol. In an RLC series resonant circuit,
Z = minimum and denoted by 𝑍𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅
i.e., In Case of series Resonance.
(i) 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶
(ii) Z = minimum & Z = R
(iii) Pf = unity (i.e. Resistive circuit)

S40. Ans.(b)
𝑋𝐿
Sol. For series RLC circuited, Q = 𝑅
if Q > 1
then 𝑋𝐿 > R

100 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S41. Ans.(b)
Sol. For transient, circuit should contain energy storing
elements (i.e. L, C)

S42. Ans.(c)
Sol. In an AC circuit, active power cannot be more than
Apparent power.
i.e. 𝑆 > 𝑃
Let, Active power = P
Reactive power = Q
then apparent power (s) = √𝑃2 + 𝑄2

S43. Ans.(a)
Sol.

So, 𝐼𝑅 = 12 A
𝐼𝐿 = 16 A
∴ I = √(𝐼𝑅 )2 + (𝐼𝐿 )2
= √(12)2 + (16)2
= √144 + 256
= √400
= 20 A
101 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S44. Ans.(b)
𝑉𝐶
Sol. Quality factor for series RLC circuit (Q) = 𝑉
So, 𝑉𝐶 = 𝑄 × V
↓ ↓
Quality factor applied voltage

So, at resonant frequency voltage will be maximum.

S45. Ans.(b)
Sol. For a sinusoidal current

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = = 0.707 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥
√2
2 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 0.637 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 .
𝜋

S46. Ans.(c)
Sol.

102 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝜇𝑜 𝑁𝐼
B= 2𝜋𝑟
4𝜋×10−7 ×1×1
= 10 web/m² East to west
2𝜋×( )
100
= 2 × 10−7 × 10 web/m²
= 2 μ (web/m²) east to west

S47. Ans.(c)
Sol. In case of parallel RLC resonant circuit

𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝐶
and 𝐼𝑆 = 𝐼𝑅 (𝐼𝑠2 = (𝐼𝑅 )2 + (𝐼𝐼 − 𝑋𝐶 )2

∴ 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑆 ∠ –90°
103 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S48. Ans.(c)
1
Sol. Resonant frequency (𝑤𝑟 ) = rad/s
√𝐿𝐶
1
= rad/s
√20×10−3 ×200×10−6
1
= 20×10−4
10,000
= 20
= 500 rad/s

S49. Ans.(d)
Sol. I = 200 sin wt
f =50Hz
According to Question
100 = 200 sin wt
∴ wt = 30°
3 πft = 30 × π/180
30×𝜋/180
t= 2𝜋×50
30 𝜋
= 2𝜋×50×150
1
= 600
1000
= 600×103 S
= 1.66 × 10−3 sec.
= 1.66 ms

S50. Ans.(a)
Sol. For alternating current (i.e. I = 64.8 sin 423 t)
2 𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝜋

104 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 2×64.8
=
3.14
= 41.21 A

S51. Ans.(c)
Sol. Parallel RLC circuit

𝑉
𝐼𝑅 = 𝑅
𝑉
𝐼𝑙 = 𝑋
𝐿
𝑉
𝐼𝐶 = 𝑋
𝐶

S52. Ans.(b)
Sol. according to Question, 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 = 20 Ω.
So, it is a case of series Resonance.
For RLC circuit at Resonance Z = R = 10 Ω
𝑉 100
∴I= =
𝑅 10
= 10 A

S53. Ans.(a)
Sol. V = 100 sin (314.15 t)
V =? at t, = 0.02 sec. and 𝑡2 = 0.005 sec.

105 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
at t = 0.02 S
𝑉1 = 100 sin (314.15 × 0.02)
= 100 sin (6.28)
= 100 sin (2π)
=0
at t = 0.005 second
𝑉2 = 10 sin (314.15×0.005)
= 100 sin (1.5705)
𝜋
= 100 sin ( 2 )
= 100 × 1
= 100 volts
𝑉1 = 0 𝑉
]
𝑉2 = 100 𝑉

S54. Ans.(d)
Sol.

Here 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 = 200 Ω.
So, it is case of series Resonance.
So, Z =R = 10 Ω.
𝑉 100
𝐼𝑅 = 𝑅 = =10 A
10
𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝐶 (series combination)
So, 𝑉𝐿 = 𝐼 × 𝑋𝐿
106 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
= 10 × 20
= 200 V

𝑉𝐿 = 200𝑉
⌉
𝜃 = 90° 𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

S55. Ans.(b)
Sol. given z = 3 + 4j
conductance (G) =?
1
Admittance (γ) = 𝑍
1
= 3+𝑗 4
1 (3−𝑗)
= 3+𝑗4 × (3−𝑗4)
3−𝑗4
= 25
3 4
= 24 − 25 𝑗

1
𝛾 = = 𝐺 + 𝑗 𝐵
𝑧
↓ ↓
conductance susceptance
on comparing
3
G = 25

107 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S56. Ans.(a)
Sol. For sine wave,
𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 =
√2
2𝐼𝑚
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝜋

S57. Ans.(d)
Sol.
Wave RMS Value Average Value
Full sine 𝐼𝑚 2𝐼𝑚
√2 𝜋
wave
Half sin 𝐼𝑚 𝐼𝑚
2 𝜋
wave

S58. Ans.(a)
Sol.

𝐾𝐶𝐿 𝑎𝑡 𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒−𝐴

𝐼𝑎 + 2 𝑖𝑎 + 𝑖𝑎 = 0
⇒ 𝑖𝑚 = – 4 𝑖𝑎

108 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S59. Ans.(d)
Sol. Voltage V = 100 sin (100 π t) + 75 sin
(500 π t) is applied across pure induction
↓
f = 250 Hz
5
L = 𝜋 𝑚𝐻
5
= 𝜋 × 10−3 H

For pure inductor, current lagging by 90°.

So, required current equation will be
i = 𝑖𝑚 sin (wt – π/2) + i𝑚2 sin (wt– π/2)
𝑉 100
im1 = 2𝜋𝑓
𝑚1
= 2𝜋×50×5×10−3
𝐿 1
100×10
= 5
= 200 A
𝑉 75
im2 = 2𝜋 𝑓𝑚 𝐿 = 5
2 2𝜋×250× ×10−3
𝜋
= 30 A
So, I = 200 sin (100 πt – π/2) + 30 sin (500πt–π/2)
109 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S60. Ans.(a)
Sol.

Let, Time period = t Time period = t/2

𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑓 So, 𝑓𝑜 = 2f== 2 × 50= 100 Hz

S61. Ans.(a)
𝐼
Sol. Crest or peak factor = 𝐼 𝑚
𝑟𝑚𝑠

S62. Ans.(a)
Sol.

So, it is a case of HWR.

𝐼𝑚 5
So, 𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝜋 A.
𝜋

S63. Ans.(a)
Sol.

110 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
V(t) = 𝑉𝑥 = j 𝑉𝑦
= 20 cos60° + j20sin 60°
1 √3
= 20× 2 + j 20 × 2
𝑉 (𝑡) = 10 + 𝑗17.3

S64. Ans.(b)
Sol. For pure inductive circuit

after adding capacitance of small value.

S65. Ans.(c)
Sol. Damping ratio (ξ)for series RLC circuit
1 𝑅 𝐶
𝜉 = 2𝑄 = √
2 𝐿

111 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S66. Ans.(d)
𝐶𝑑
Sol. 𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 = 𝑄𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 (1 + )
𝐶
and 𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 α 𝑓𝑟 (i.e. Resonant frequency)
∴ 𝑐𝑑 ↑ 𝑄𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 ↑ & 𝑓𝑟 ↑

S67. Ans.(d)
Sol. 𝐼1 = 50 A
𝐼2 = 75 A
ϕ = 60°
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = √(𝐼1 )2 + (𝐼2 )2 + 2𝐼1 𝐼2 cos 𝜙
= √(50)2 + (75)2 + 2 × 50 × 75 × 𝑐𝑜𝑠60°
=( )A
So, 𝐼𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑙 = 87.5 – j 64.95 A

S68. Ans.(a)
Sol. For series Resonant RLC circuit

Parallel RLC circuit

112 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S69. Ans.(b)
Sol. for RL series circuit

V = √(𝑉𝑅 )2 + (𝑉 )2
𝑉𝑅
cosϕ = (lagging)
𝑉

S70. Ans.(b)
Sol.

𝐿 𝑑𝑖 (𝑡)
𝑉(𝑡) = iR + 𝑑𝑡
taking Laplace
V (S) = 𝐼𝑆 R + LSI𝑆
⇒ 𝑉𝑆 = 𝐼𝑆 (R + L S)
𝑉
⇒ 𝐼𝑆 = 𝑅+𝐿𝑆
𝑆
𝑉𝑆
= 𝐿
𝑅(1+ 𝑆)
𝑅

113 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
taking inverse Laplace
𝑡𝑅
𝑉
i(τ) = 𝑅 [1 − 𝑒− 𝐿 ]
𝑑𝑖
𝑉𝐿 = L𝑎𝑡
𝑉 𝑅
= L × 𝑅 × : 𝑒 −𝑡𝑅/𝐿
= V𝑒 −𝑡𝑅/𝐿
𝑡𝑅
−
𝑉𝑅 = V– 𝑉𝐿 = V [1 − 𝑒 𝐿 ]

S71. Ans.(a)
Sol. For HWR
𝐼𝑚 5
𝐼𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 𝜋 A.
𝜋

S72. Ans.(b)
1
Sol. 𝑋𝐶 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐
1
𝑋𝐶 α 𝑓
𝑋𝐶1 𝑓
= 𝑓2
𝑋𝐶 2 1
50
⇒ 𝑋𝐶 2 = 10 × 100
=5Ω

114 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S73. Ans.(c)

S74. Ans.(c)
Sol.

at 100 Hz
𝑉𝑅 = 𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
IR = I 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
i.e. R = 𝑋𝐿 = 2 π f L
𝑅
L = (2𝜋×100) …………. (i)
and 𝑉𝑖𝑛 = √𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑠2 + 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠2 = √2 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 …………. (ii)
at 50 H𝑍
𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑅 = .R
√𝑅2 +(𝑋𝐿 )2
𝑉𝑖𝑛
= 2
.R
√𝑅2 (2𝜋×50× 𝑅 )
2𝜋×100
√2𝑉𝑖𝑛 .𝑅
=
√5𝑅
𝑉
𝑉𝑅 = 𝑖𝑛
√5
2√2 𝑉𝑖𝑛
𝑉𝑅 =
√5
8
= √5 𝑉𝑖𝑛

115 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S75. Ans.(a)
Sol. Given,
V = 10 < 15° V
I = 2 < – 45° V
θ = 𝜃𝑣 − 𝜃𝑖
= 15 – (–45)
= 60°
So, P = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 cos ϕ
= 10 × 2 × cos 60°
20
= = 10 W
2
Q = 𝑉𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 sin ϕ (ϕ = 60°)
√3
= 10 × 2 × 2
= 10 √3 KVAR
= 17.32 KVAR

S76. Ans.(a)
Sol.

116 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S77. Ans.(c)
Sol. Q – meter works on series RLC resonance.
𝑊𝑜 𝐿
So, Q = 𝑅

S78. Ans.(c)
𝑊𝐿 𝑋𝐿 1
Sol. Q = = = 𝑊𝑅𝐶
𝑅 𝑅
2𝜋×𝑚𝑎𝑥.𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Q = 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑔𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒

S79. Ans.(c)
Sol. For RC circuit

IC leads V by 90°

S80. Ans.(c)
Sol. Dynamic impedance of choke (Z) =?

𝐿
𝑍𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑐 = 𝑅𝐶

117 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S81. Ans.(c)
𝐿
Sol. 𝐶 = 0.41 𝑅2.

Circuit will be non-inductive when

𝐿
𝐶 = 0.41 𝑅2
𝐿
⇒ 𝐶 = 𝑅2

S82. Ans.(c)
Sol. parallel R-L-C circuit: -

Laplace equation will be

𝑆 𝐼
S² + 𝑅𝐶 = 𝐿𝐶 = 0
−1 1 2 4 1
𝑆1,2 = 2𝑅𝐶 ± √(2𝑅𝐶 ) − (𝐿𝐶 )
1 2 1
if (2𝑅𝐶 ) > 𝐿𝐶
1 1
as 2𝑅𝐶 >
√𝐿𝐶
then 𝜀 > 1 and system will be overdamped.
118 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S83. Ans.(b)
Sol. For Maximum power transfer,
∗
𝑍𝑙 = 𝑍𝑡ℎ

S84. Ans.(a)
Sol. marking current in different branches, the network will
be-

Applying KCL at note – 1

𝐼𝑆 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2
i.e., 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 = 1 𝐴 ----------------------------- (1)
KVL in 100p 1-2-3-4
−2 + (𝐼2 × 1) + 1(𝐼2 − 𝐼1 ) = 0
⇒ 2𝐼2 − 𝐼1 = 2 --------------------- (II)

On solving equation (I) & (II)

𝐼1 + 𝐼2 = 1
2𝐼2 − 𝐼1 = 2 (+)
3𝐼2 = 3
3
∵ 𝐼2 = = 1 𝐴
3
∵ 𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 𝐼2 × 1 = 1 × 1 = 1 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
For finding 𝑅𝑡ℎ (deactivate the constant source)

119 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝑅𝑡ℎ = (1 𝐼𝐼 1)
1×1 1
= = Ω
1+1 2
Note: - Deactivation of constant source: -
i.> Current source as open circuit.
ii.> Voltage source as short – circuit.

S85. Ans.(b)
Sol. for finding Thevenin’s equivalent across 2 V source,
firstly we deactivated the 2V source.

So, 3A current will pass through only 50 L resistor. Hence,

𝑉𝑂𝐶 = (3 × 10)𝑉
= 30 𝑉
For finding 𝑅𝑡ℎ (deactive the constant source)

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 5 + 10 = 15 Ω
𝑉𝑂𝐶 = 30𝑉
𝑆𝑜,
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 15 Ω
120 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S86. Ans.(b)
Sol. Thevenin equivalent circuit.

Thevenin’s equivalent circuit consists of voltage source and

series impedance.

S87. Ans.(c)
Sol. method – I
Applying Nodal at A
𝑉𝐴 − 15 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴
+ + =6
4 2 8
2𝑉𝐴 − 30 + 4𝑉𝐴 + 𝑉𝐴
⇒ =6
8
⇒ 7𝑉𝐴 = 48 + 30
78
⇒ 𝑉𝐴 =
7
𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴
∵ 𝐼5Ω = =
(5 + 3) 8
78
=
7
8
78
=
7×8
39
= 𝐴
28
Method – II

121 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
To find current through 5Ω resistance, we will find 𝑉𝑡ℎ across
5Ω and also 𝑅𝑡ℎ
𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝐼5Ω =
𝑅𝑡ℎ + 𝑅𝐿

Here 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡ℎ
Nodal analysis
𝑉𝐴 − 15 𝑉𝐴
+ =6
4 2
𝑉𝐴 − 15 + 2𝑉𝐴
⇒ =6
4
⇒ 3𝑉𝐴 = 24 + 15 = 39
39
⇒ 𝑉𝐴 = = 13 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡.
3
𝑠𝑜, 𝑉𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡ℎ = 13 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
For Finding 𝑅𝑡ℎ (Deactivate the constant source)

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 3 + (4||2)
8
=3+
6

122 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 26
=
6
13
=( ) Ω
3
𝑉𝑡ℎ
So, 𝐼5Ω = 𝑅
𝑡ℎ +𝑅𝐿
13
13
3 +5
13 × 3
=
28
39
= 𝑜ℎ𝑚
28

S88. Ans.(b)
Sol. Applying Nodal analysis at Note – A

𝐼𝑂 𝑉𝐴
9 = 𝐼𝑂 + +
4 8
𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴 𝑉𝐴
⇒9= + +
2 8 8
⇒ 6𝑉𝐴 = 72
⇒ 𝑉𝐴 = 12 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
𝑉𝐴 12
𝐼𝑂 = = = 6𝐴
2 2
𝑉 = 𝑉𝑂 = 12 𝑉
𝑆𝑜, [ 𝐴 ]
𝐼𝑂 = 6 𝐴

123 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S89. Ans.(b)
Sol. Kirchhoff’s second low-
Σ(𝑉 + 𝐼𝑅 ) = 0
𝑖𝑒 Σ𝑉 + Σ𝐼𝑅 = 0

S90. Ans.(a)
Sol. Kirchhoff’s law-
(1) KCL i.e. Σi = 0 (based on conservation of change)
(2) KVL i.e. (ΣV+ ΣIR=0), based on conservation of
energy.

S91. Ans.(b)
Sol. for ideal voltage source (Ri) = 0
For ideal current source (Ri) = infinite

S92. Ans.(d)
Sol. Tellegen’s theory is based on conservation of energy.
𝑛

𝑖𝑒. ∑ 𝑃𝑘 = 0
𝐾=1
𝑛

𝑖𝑒, ∑ 𝐼𝑘 × 𝑉𝐾 = 0
𝐾=1

S93. Ans.(b)
Sol. for maximum power transfer; -
𝑍𝑆 = 𝑍𝐿 (𝑖𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 )
= (7 + 𝑗3) ∗
= 7 − 𝑗3
S94. Ans.(a)
Sol. for maximum power transfer
𝑍𝑆 = 𝑍𝐿 ∗
124 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Here,
𝑍𝑆 = ( 10 + 𝑗 20)Ω
∵ 𝑍𝐿 = (10 − 𝑗20Ω
𝑖𝑒 𝑅𝐿 = 10 Ω
𝑋𝐿 = −𝑗20Ω
𝑉2
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
4𝑅𝐿
(40)2
=
4 × 10
1600
=
40
= 40 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑡

S95. Ans.(b)
Sol. Here 100Ω and 50Ω resistors are parallel connected. So,
voltage across both resistors will be same and
V = 100 V
100
𝐼50Ω = = 2𝐴
50

S96. Ans.(c)
Sol. for 𝑉𝑡ℎ

Nodal at A
125 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝑉𝐴 − 20 𝑉𝐴
+ =4
10 10
2𝑉𝐴 − 20
⇒ =4
10
40 − 20
⇒ 𝑉𝐴 = = 30 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 = 𝑉𝑡ℎ
2
For 𝑅𝑡ℎ (deactivate the constant source)

𝑅𝑡ℎ = 5 + (10||10)
10 × 10
=5+
10 + 10
100
=5+
20
= 10 Ω
𝑉 = 30 𝑉
𝑠𝑜, [ 𝑡ℎ ]
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 10Ω

S97. Ans.(a)
Sol. According to Kirchhoff’s 1st law (KCL)
Σ𝑖 = 0
𝑖𝑒, 3 + 4 + 𝐼 + (−8) + (−2) = 0
⇒ 𝐼 = 10 − 7
= 3𝐴
S98. Ans.(a)
Sol. Ohm’s law is applicable only when physical state
(temperature etc.) remains unchanged.

126 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S99. Ans.(d)

S100. Ans.(a)
Sol. An electric circuit whose characteristics or properties
are the same in the either direction, is called the bilateral
circuit.

S101. Ans.(a)
Sol. An electric circuit whose characteristics or properties
are the same in the either direction, is called the bilateral
circuit.

S102. Ans.(c)
Sol. The elements which dissipates or store energy (do not
deliver energy) are known as passive element.

S103. Ans.(a)
Sol. A network having one or more sources of emfs is
capable of supplying energy, so it is passive circuit.

S104. Ans.(b)
Sol. A network in which all the network elements are
physically separable is known as lumped network. Most of
the electric networks are lumped in nature.

S105. Ans.(a)
Sol. I = V/R = 6/2.5 = 2.4 A
So, 2.4A parallel with 2.5ohm
127 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S106. Ans.(c)
10
Sol. 𝐸𝑡ℎ = 12 × = 4V
30
𝑅𝑡ℎ = 20/3 = 6.67 ohm

S107. Ans.(d)
Sol. First consider 30 v source alone as shown in Figure (i).
the Norton current 𝐼𝑁1 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 source is
30𝑉
𝐼𝑁1 = 20Ω = 1.5𝐴
Next consider 18 V source alone as shown in Figure (ii). The
Norton current 𝐼𝑁2 due to this source is
18𝑉
𝐼𝑁2 = 10Ω = 1.8𝐴
∴ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡, 𝐼𝑁 = 𝐼𝑁1 + 𝐼𝑁2 = 1.5 + 1.8 = 3.3𝐴
Now, Norton resistance, 𝑅𝑁 = Resistance at open-circuited
terminals x-y in the given circuit
20×10
= 20||10 = 20+10 = 6.67 Ω

S108. Ans.(d)
Sol. 𝑒1 + 𝑒2 = 10 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑤𝑡 + 10 cos 𝑤𝑡
= 10 [Sin wt + Sin (90–wt)]
=10 [Sin wt – Sin (wt–90)]

128 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 (2 𝑤𝑡−90) (90)
=20 𝐶𝑜𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑛
2 2
20
= √2 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝑤𝑡 − 45)
𝜋
=14.14 Sin (𝑤𝑡 + 4 )

S109. Ans.(c)
Sol. Just after the switch is closed at t=0, inductor acts as
open-circuited so whole circuit
acts as open-circuited hence current in the circuit is equal to
zero.

S110. Ans.(c)
Sol. For transfer of maximum power, 𝑅𝐿 should be equal to
output resistance at terminals AB. Now, output resistance at
terminals AB = 𝑅𝑡ℎ = 7.4 Ω.

S111. Ans.(b)
2×6
Sol. 𝑅𝑁 = 𝑅𝑇ℎ = (2Ω || 6 Ω) + 3Ω = 2+6 + 3 = 4.5Ω

S112. Ans.(d)
Sol. Load voltage under maximum power transfer
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 30
= 𝐼 𝑅𝑙 = (𝑅 +𝑅 ) 𝑅𝐿 = 2 𝑅 × 𝑅𝐿 = 2 = 2 = 15𝑉 (∴ 𝑅𝐿 =
𝐿 𝑖 𝐿
𝑅𝑖 )

S113. Ans.(a)
Sol. The output resistance of source means its internal
resistance. Therefore, internal resistance is 4 Ω

S114. Ans.(a)
129 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
Sol. The current source can be replaced by the equivalent
voltage source of 15 mA × 6 kΩ = 90 V in series with 6 kΩ. The
circuit then becomes as shown in Fig. 3.52. Therefore, current
I in 3 kΩ resistor is
90 𝑉
I = (6+3)𝑘Ω = 10 𝑚𝐴

S115. Ans.(d)
Sol. for DC supply of 5v, at steady state capacitor acts as open
circuit. So, current will flow only for AC excitation.

𝑉 = 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑖. 𝑒. , 𝑊 = 1 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
𝑗
𝑍 = 𝑅 + 𝑗𝑤𝑙 −
𝑤𝑐
𝑖
= 1 + 𝑗(2 × 1) −
(1 × 1)
= (1 + 𝑗)
⇒ 𝑍 = √2 < 45° Ω
𝑉 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑠𝑜, 𝐼 = =
𝑍 √2 < 45°
= 7.07 sin(𝑡 − 45)

S116. Ans.(d)
Sol. Current through capacitor (when so is closed)
𝐶 𝑉 (𝑡 )
i.e. 𝐼 = 𝑑𝑑𝑡𝑐
∵ 𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅 + 𝑉𝑐 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑉𝐶 𝑡
⇒⊥ = 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑉𝑐 (𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 0+ , 𝑉𝑐 (𝑂+ ) = 0

130 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
 𝑑𝑉𝑐 (𝑂 + )
𝑠𝑜, ⊥ = 𝑅𝐶 +0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑉𝑐 (𝑡) 1
⇒ =
𝑑𝑡 𝑅𝑐

S117. Ans.(c)
Sol. for ideal voltage source 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 = 0
So, time constant = 𝑅𝑖𝑛 𝐶
Hence, capacitor will charge instantaneously

S118. Ans.(b)
Sol.

At ⇒ t = 0+ Figure.
At = 𝑡 = 0− circuit was not energized so,
𝐼(𝑐) = 0
𝐼(𝐿) = 0
At t = 0+ , inductor = Open – circuit
Capacitor = short – circuit
So,
10
𝐼=
3 + (4||4)
10
= = 2𝐴
5
So,
𝑉2 (𝑂+ ) = 𝐼 × (4||4)
=2×2
= 4 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
131 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S119. Ans.(b)
Sol. at t = 𝑂+ , capacitor = short circuit
t = ∞, capacitor = open circuit

20 20
𝑉𝐶 ( ∞) = × 10 = × 10 = (1 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡 × 10)
(10 + 10) 20
= 10 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡

S120. Ans.(c)
Sol. at t = 0− , circuit is in steady state.
So, inductor = short circuit

10
𝑖𝐿 (0− ) =
=1𝐴
10
We know that inductor opposes sudden change of current.

132 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S121. Ans.(d)
Sol. given circuit in s – domain
𝑆−𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑉 (𝑡) → 𝑉𝑐𝑠 )
𝑆−𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
𝑉 → 𝑉/𝑆
𝑆−𝑑𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 1
𝐶 →
𝐶𝑠

12 𝐼(𝑆) 1 1
+ [ + ]=0
5 𝑆 𝐶1 𝐶2
12 𝐶1 𝐶2
⇒ 𝐼(𝑆) = = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝐶1 + 𝐶2
Taking inverse Laplace: -
𝑖 (𝑡) = 𝐾𝑠(𝑡) → 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.

S122. Ans.(c)
Sol.
𝑑𝑉(𝐶 )
𝐼𝐶 = 𝐶
𝑑𝑡
−6
𝑑(50 𝑠𝑖𝑛2000𝑡)
= 10 × 10
𝑑𝑡
−6
= 10 × 10 × 50 × 2000 𝑐𝑜𝑠2000𝑡

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠2000𝑡

133 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]
S123. Ans.(c)
Sol. in series resonant circuit, at half power frequencies: -
1
𝑊𝐿 − = ±𝑅
𝑤𝑐
2
1
𝑍 = √𝑅2 + (𝑊𝐿 − )
𝑊𝐶
= √𝑅2 + (±𝑅)2
𝑍 = √2𝑅 → 𝑎𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑠

S124. Ans.(b)
Sol.

= 20 𝐻
𝐿2 = 20 − 10 + 12 = 22 𝐻
𝐿3 = 60 + 12 − 20 = 52 𝐻
so,
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝐿𝑒𝑞 𝐿1 𝐿2 𝐿3
1 1 1
= + +
20 22 52
⇒ 𝐿𝑒𝑞 = 8.7 𝐻.

134 To purchase Online Test Series & Video Courses, visit: store.adda247.com
If you have any query, mail us at: [email protected]