PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

LAW’S OF MOTION

CLASS 04

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Newton’s First Law of Motion :
Imagine you are going to an amusement park
with your friends. You are all sitting in the car,
but to go to the park, the driver will need to
start the car. The car will not start on its own
unless it is a magical car.
This is Newton’s First Law of Motion. Any object
will stay at rest or in uniform motion unless an
outside force (here, starting the car or
applying brakes) is acting on it.
The ability of an object to remain at rest or in
motion is known as Inertia in physics.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Inertia - is the tendency of an object to
resist changes in its velocity: whether in
motion or motionless.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Examples Of First Law
• Example 1: When a car stops suddenly, the
passengers still feel forward motion. This is due to
the inertia of motion whereby the car begins to stop
while the body inside is still in a state of motion.

• Example 2: When you turn off a table fan, the

blades continue to move for some time even
without electricity because of the First Law of
Motion.

• Example 3: A dirty dish lying on the table will not

move or get cleaned unless you apply some force
and put it in the dishwasher.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPULSE
• For Impulse is a term that is used to describe or
quantify the effect of large force acting over a short
time to change the momentum of an object. It is
represented by the symbol J and is usually
expressed in Newton seconds or kg m/s.
• F × t = dp(Impulse is a change of momentum)
• SI unit of impulse is Ns.
Example -
• When someone falls from the bed on a cemented
floor receives more injuries when compared to
falling on a heap of sand.
• Blow of hammer on a nail.
• Force exerted by a bat by hitting a ball.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Newton 2nd Law
Newton’s Second Law of Motion : Pushing
or pulling an empty cart is easy as
compared to a loaded cart because the
loaded cart has more mass. If the same
amount of force is applied to move a car
and a bike, the acceleration of the bike
will be more because it has less mass
than the car. When a ball drops on the
ground, it exerts a downward force on the
ground, and in reaction to it the ground
exerts an equal upward force on the ball,
thus making it bounce. Stopping a
moving ball requires force.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

Newton’s second law states that -

the acceleration of an object depends
upon two variables – the net force acting
on the object and the mass of the object.
The acceleration of the body is directly
proportional to the net force acting on the
body and inversely proportional to the
mass of the body. This means that as the
force acting upon an object is increased,
the acceleration of the object is
increased. Likewise, as the mass of an
object is increased, the acceleration of
the object is decreased.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Applications Of 2nd Law
• Kicking a ball - When we kick a ball, we
exert force in a specific direction. The
stronger the ball is kicked, the stronger the
force we put on it and the further away it
will travel.
• Pushing a cart - It is easier to push an
empty cart in a supermarket than a
loaded one, and more mass requires more
acceleration.
• Two people walking - Among the two
people walking, if one is heavier than the
other, the one weighing heavier will walk
slower because the acceleration of the
person weighing lighter is greater.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
➢ QUESTION : A cricketer pulls his hands backward
while catching a ball.

➢ ANS : A cricketer pulls his hands back while

catching a fast moving cricket ball, because
this increases the time of catch i.e., increase in
the time taken to bring about a given change in
momentum. Hence rate of change of
momentum decreases. Thus, a small force is
exerted on the hands by the ball.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
➢ Question : Impulse for a ball hits an object and
comes to a halt. Here, the object weighs 3.0 kg
and has a velocity of 5 m/s before colliding with
the object. Find the impulse?

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Newton 3rd law of motion
For every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction and both acts on two
different bodies.
Mathematically 𝐹12= – 𝐹21

Examples:
(i) Swimming becomes possible because
of third law of motion.
(ii) Jumping of a man from a boat onto the
bank of a river.
(iii) Jerk is produced in a gun when bullet is
fired from it.
(iv) Pulling of cart by a horse.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
If an object A exerts a force on object B,
then object B must exert a force of equal
magnitude and opposite direction back
on object A.
• Consider the propulsion of a fish through
the water. A fish uses its fins to push
water backwards. In turn, the water
reacts by pushing the fish forwards,
propelling the fish through the water.
• The size of the force on the water equals
the size of the force on the fish; the
direction of the force on the water
(backwards) is opposite the direction of
the force on the fish (forwards).

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
Law of Conservation of Linear Momentum -
If no external force acts on a system, then its
total linear momentum remains conserved.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

Flying gracefully through the

air, birds depend on
Newton’s third law of motion.
As the birds push down on
the air with their wings, the
air pushes their wings up
and gives them lift.
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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

There are two forces resulting from this

interaction - A force on the chair and a
force on your body. These two forces
are called action and reaction forces.

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q1. Which one of the following is not a contact force?
(a) Push force
(b) Gravitational force
(c) Frictional force
(d) Muscular force

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q2. Rocket works on the principle of:
(a) Newton’s First Law
(b) Newton’s Second Law
(c) Newton’s Third Law
(d) Law of conservation of linear momemtum

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q3. A bullet of mass 10 g is fired with a velocity of 20
m/s from a gun of mass 2kg. Find the recoil velocity (in
m/s) of the gun.
(a) 1
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.1
(d) 2

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q4.
An astronaut accidentally gets separated out his small spaceship
accelerating in interstellar space at a constant rate of 100ms−2 . What is
the acceleration of the astronaut the instant after he is outside the
spaceship? (Assume that there are no nearby stars to exert gravitional
force on him)
(a) 0
(b) 5m𝒔−𝟐
(c) 4m𝒔−𝟐
(d) 10m𝒔−𝟐

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q5.A constant force acting on a body of mass 3.0 kg changes its speed from
2.0 ms to 3.5 ms in 25 s. The direction of the motion of the body
remains unchanged. What is the magnitude and direction of the force?
(a) 0.20N
(b) 0.18N
(c) 2N
(d) 5N

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q6.
A body of mass 5 kg is acted upon by two perpendicular forces 8 N and
6 N. Give the magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the body
(a) 10&2
(b) 10&4
(c) 20N&6
(d) 10N&6

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q7.Two bodies of masses 10 kg and 20 kg respectively kept on a smooth,
horizontal surface are tied to the ends of a tight string. A horizontal
force F = 600 N is applied to (i) A, (ii) B along the direction of string.
What is the tension in the string in each case?
(a) 400N & 300N
(b) 400N & 100N
(c) 100N&400N
(d) 400N & 200N

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 PHYSICS ||LAW’S OF MOTION|| BY ANSHU MA’AM
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