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Soc 1 W25 Final Exam Study Guide

The study guide covers key sociological concepts related to deviance, government, class, gender, and race and ethnicity. It includes theories from notable sociologists like Robert Merton, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, as well as discussions on inequality, power dynamics, and social mobility. The guide provides a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing social structures and individual behaviors within these contexts.

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angelinage33
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13 views

Soc 1 W25 Final Exam Study Guide

The study guide covers key sociological concepts related to deviance, government, class, gender, and race and ethnicity. It includes theories from notable sociologists like Robert Merton, Max Weber, and Karl Marx, as well as discussions on inequality, power dynamics, and social mobility. The guide provides a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing social structures and individual behaviors within these contexts.

Uploaded by

angelinage33
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Soc 1 Final Exam Study Guide (W25) Sigmon

Week 6: Deviance

What is ‘deviance’?
How does Robert Merton (a functionalist) explain the occurrence of deviant behavior?
According to Merton, what are the five possible types of responses to cultural goals and
institutional means?
How do differential association theorists explain deviant behavior?
According to Howard Becker, how do individuals become users of marijuana for
pleasure?
How do labeling theorists explain the occurrence of deviant behavior?
According to David Rosenhan, how does the label of ‘mentally ill’ influence hospital
staff’s perceptions of admitted pseudo-patients?
According to William Chambliss, who are the Saints and the Roughnecks? How does
Chambliss account for the Roughnecks’ adulthood deviance?
What is ‘primary deviance’ and ‘secondary deviance’?
What are the three premises of labeling theory?
How do control theorists, such as Travis Hirschi, explain the occurrence of deviant
behavior?

Week 7: Government

According to Max Weber, what is ‘power’?


According to Max Weber, what is ‘rational-legal authority’?
According to pluralists, how is political power distributed and exercised in liberal
democracies?
How is a ‘balance of power’ between social groups sustained by civil, political and social
rights associated with citizenship?
What are ‘interest groups’?
According to Seymour Martin Lipset, what are the five fundamental tenets of American
political culture that serve to limit and check the concentration of political power?
According to the majority of Americans, what is the biggest threat facing the country?
According to sociologists, what is a ‘nation-state’?
According to pluralists, how do news media organizations operate in the U.S.?
According to conflict theorists, such as Karl Marx, how does wealth translate to political
influence?
What is ‘lobbying’?
What was the legal result of Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)?
How is money donated to political campaigns being spent?
According to Karl Boggs and Karl Marx, how has the rise of corporations impacted the
modern democratic state?
According to C. Wright Mills, who are the ‘power elite’?
How is power exercised by those who occupy the top positions of these ‘great
institutions’?

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Soc 1 Final Exam Study Guide (W25) Sigmon

Week 8: Class

How do sociologists define ‘class inequality’?


What is ‘class stratification’?
How are class systems different from older forms of social stratification?
What is ‘social mobility’ and what are two types of social mobility?
What is ‘intergenerational mobility’ and ‘intragenerational mobility’?
What is ‘income’ and how has the income distribution in the U.S. changed since 1945?
What does ‘wealth’ refer to and how do trends in wealth inequality parallel those with
income inequality?
What is the state of debt in the U.S.?
What does ‘educational attainment’ refer to and how does it correlate with income?
What is ‘occupational status’?
According to Lisa Keister, what are two primary paths through which ‘success’ is inter-
generationally transmitted?
According to Karl Marx, how does the exploitation of wage labor lead to the production
of ‘surplus value’ and growing economic inequality?
What is the difference between ‘absolute poverty’ and ‘relative poverty’?
According to Max Weber, how do differences in people’s skills and credentials lead to
differences in compensation?
According to Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore, how is social stratification beneficial to
society?
According to Claude Fischer et al., what ultimately determines the degree of economic
inequality in American society?
What is required to promote and achieve ‘full opportunity’?

Week 9: Gender

According to sociologists, what is ‘gender inequality’?


What is the difference between ‘sex’ and ‘gender’?
What is ‘gender role socialization’?
What is ‘biological essentialism’?
According to Paula England, how has social change to the gender system in the U.S.
been uneven and asymmetrical?
What is ‘gendered job segregation’?
How is ‘gendered job segregation’ related to the ‘gender wage gap’?
What is the ‘gender wage gap’?
What is the ‘androcentric pay scale’?
What is the ‘devaluation hypothesis’?
According to Paula England, what two co-occurring trends have defined the gender
system in the U.S.?
According to the Pew Research Center, what are the different ‘pressure points’ for
American men and women?
What is the ‘ideology of intensive motherhood’?
What is the ‘motherhood penalty’?
What is the ‘employer selection hypothesis’?

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Soc 1 Final Exam Study Guide (W25) Sigmon

According to Caitlyn Collins, what normative conflict do mothers experience?


According to ‘human capital hypothesis,’ what differences between men and women
account for the inequality in pay?
According to Kathleen Gerson, what is the ‘new gender divide’?

Week 10: Race and Ethnicity

How do sociologists define ‘racial and ethnic inequality’?


What is a ‘minority group’?
How do ‘race’ and ‘ethnicity’ differ?
Why is ‘race’ a highly contested concept?
What is an ‘ethnic group’?
How do sociologists measure racial and ethnic inequality?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of unemployment?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest poverty rate?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest high school drop out rate?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest rate of formal educational attainment?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest household median income?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest homeownership rate?
Which racial/ethnic group has the highest household median wealth?
According to Thomas Shapiro, what is the importance and utility of ‘wealth’?
What is are the incarceration rates of Whites, Blacks and Hispanics?
How do sociologists define ‘racism’?
How do racial ‘prejudice' and racial ‘discrimination’ differ?
What is ‘individual discrimination’ and ‘institutional discrimination’?
What is ‘overt racism’ and ‘aversive racism’?
According to Devah Pager, what is the effect of race on employer callbacks?
According to William Julius Wilson, what structural change contributed to the economic
decline of black inner-city communities?
How did the covid pandemic impact employees with varying levels of education?
How did the covid pandemic affect the median wealth of different racial and ethnic
households?
According to Jennifer Lee and Min Zhou, what is the ‘success frame’ for 1.5- and second-
generation Chinese and Vietnamese Americans?
Why is this success frame so consistent among Chinese and Vietnamese American
interviewees?

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