VEDIC MATHS SIMPLIFICATION

& SYMBOPERATION

E-Book

Every Year 1 Crore Students Trust Us for Test Prep

https:/hitbullseye.com/ 1800-572-7348
 Vedic Maths Simplification & Symboperation
1.A Vedic Math-Squaring a number (Using Base Method)

1.A.(i) Numbers Less Than Base

With the help of Vedic Maths, we can find the squares of numbers nearing the base. The
numbers which can be taken as base must have 1 followed by zeroes only (i.e. the bases taken
could be 100, 1000, 10000 etc.). So with the help of Base Method (Base 100), we can find the
squares from 70 to 130 (We need to know the squares from 1 to 30 to get the answer).

When we find square of a number, it will have two parts, the left part and the right part. There
can be any number of digits in the left part, but the right part will have number of digits equal
to the number of zeros in the base i.e. if the base is 100, then there will be 2 digits on the right
side and if the base is 1000, then there will be 3 digits on the right side.

Let us have a few examples to understand this concept. Let us find the square of 94 using Base
Method. The base nearest to 94 is 100. It can be observed that difference between the base
and the number given (94 in our case) is 6. The square of this difference is 36, which will
become the right side of the answer. As the number 36 is already having two digits, so it would
become the right side of our answer. Now the difference of 6 (100 – 94) is subtracted from the
number given i.e. 94 – 6 = 88 and it will become the left side. Therefore the square of 94 is
8836.

Let us take another example, say 91, which is 9 less than the base. While squaring 91, the right
side will be (9)2 i.e. 81. And the left side would be the number given – difference i.e. 91 – 9 = 82.
So the square of 91 is 8281.

If the square of the difference is having lesser digits than required, then in order to have the required
number of digits on the right side, 0’s can be put with the square. e.g. If you square 98, difference is
2. The right side in this case would become 04, because 4 is a single digit number and you’ll have to
put a ‘0’ before it to make it a two-digit right hand side. The left side would be 98 – 2 = 96. Hence the
square of 98 is 9604.

If number of digits is more than required, then the extra digits are carried to the left side. e.g.
take 88. The difference is 12 and the square of the difference is 144, which is a 3-digit number,
so the 3rd extra digit 1 would be carried to the left side. And the left side is 88 – 12 = 76 + 1
(carried over) = 77.
So the square of the number is

76--
+ -144

7 744

1
You can practice the following squares to get expertise on squaring.

84 _______ 79 _______ 92 _______ 87 _______

95 _______ 78 _______ 93 _______ 83 _______
99 _______ 89 _______ 86 _______ 81 _______

1.A.(ii): Numbers More Than Base

If we want to square a number which is greater than the base, then the only difference in
approach is that the in this case, the difference between the number and the base is to be
added in the number instead of subtracting which we did in the last case. Let us find the
square of 108. The difference is 8. The right side will be square of difference i.e. (8)2 = 64. And
the left side will be 108 + 8 = 116, because the number is greater than the base. So the square
is 11664.

In this case also, if the number of digits on the right side is less than the required number, then
we need to write ‘0’s with it to get the right side. E.g if we want to find the square of 102, as the
difference is 2, its square is 4, which is a single digit number, so a 0 would be written with it i.e.
04. Then the left side is 102 + 2 = 104. The square of 102 becomes 10404.
In case the square of the difference is a 3-digit number, then the third digit would be carried to
the left side. Consider one number say 116. The difference is 16  (16)2  256. Out of this 3-
digit number the third digit 2 would be taken to the left side. The left side would become 116 +
16 + 2 (Carried) = 134 and the square would be

132 --
+- -256

13456
Square the following numbers:
119 ______ 122 _____ 117______ 118 ______
114 _______ 107 ______ 121 _____ 109 ______
103 ______ 115 _______ 111 ______ 112 ______

1.B Vedic Math–Multiplying numbers

When a 2-digit number is to be multiplied with a two-digit number the following process would
be applied. If there were two numbers AB and CD then their product would be calculated as
under.
PQ
MN

Step 1 : QN (Write only the unit’s digit and carry the rest to the next step).
Step 2 : PN + QM + Carry over (Cross multiply and Add, write a single digit and carry the rest
to the next step).

2
Step 3 : PM + Carry over (Write the complete number because this is the last step).
48
76

Step 1: 8 × 6 = 48 (Write 8 and 4 is carried over to the next step).

Step 2: 4 × 6 + 8 × 7 + 4 (Carried Over) = 84 (Write 4 and 8 is carried over to the next step)
Step 3: 4 × 7 + 8 (Carried Over) = 36 (Write 36 because this is the last step)

Therefore 3648 is the answer

59
83
Step 1: 9 × 3 = 27 (Write 7 and 2 is carried over to the next step)
Step 2: 3 × 5 + 9 × 8 + 2 (Carried Over) = 89 (Write 9 and 8 is carried over to the next step)
Step 3: 5 × 8 + 8 (Carried Over) = 48 (Write 48 because this is the last step)

Therefore 4897 is the answer.

Try Multiplying 46 and 68 and see if the answer is 3128.
Try Multiplying 54 and 89 and see if the answer is 4806.

Now we will try multiplying a three-digit number by a three-digit number. Because there are six
digits, the total number of steps would be 5.

PQR
XYZ

Step 1: RZ ( Write only the unit’s digit and carry the rest to the next step)
Step 2: QZ + RY + Carried Over (Write only the unit’s digit and carry the rest to the next step)
Step 3: PZ + RX + QY + Carried Over (Write only the unit’s digit and carry the rest to the next
step)
Step 4: PY + QX + Carried Over (Write only the unit’s digit and carry the rest to the next step)
Step 5: PX + Carried Over
(Write the complete number because this is the last step)

358
462

Step 1: 8 × 2 = 16 (Write 6 and 1 is carried over to the next step)

Step 2: 5 × 2 + 8 × 6 + 1 (Carried Over) = 59 (Write 9 and 5 is carried over to the next step)
Step 3: 3 × 2 + 8 × 4 + 5 × 6 + 5 (Carried Over) = 73 (Write 3 and 7 is carried over to the next
step)
Step 4: 3 × 6 + 5 × 4 + 7 (Carried Over) = 45 (Write 5 and 4 is carried over to the next step)
Step 5: 3 × 4 + 4 (Carried Over) = 16 (Write 5 because this is the last step). Therefore 165396
is the answer.
576
438

3
Step 1: 6 × 8 = 48 (Write 8 and 4 is carried over to the next step)
Step 2: 7 × 8 + 6 × 3 + 4 (Carried Over) = 78 (Write 8 and 7 is carried over to the next step)
Step 3: 5 × 8 + 6 × 4 + 7 × 3 + 7 (Carried Over) = 92 (Write 2 and 9 is carried over to the next
step)
Step 4: 5 × 3 + 4 × 7 + 9 (Carried Over) = 52 (Write 2 and 5 is carried over to the next step)
Step 5: 5 × 4 + 5 (Carried Over) = 25 (Write 25 as this is the last step). Therefore 252288 is
the answer.

Here are some problems for practice.

243 148 378 586

117 286 465 847

356 483 876 765

769 624 543 259

523 378 792 686

426 682 286 296

1.C Tables, Squares and Cubes to be remembered

As you have decided to improve your quantitative skills, but keep in mind you cannot be good
at Math unless you are good at calculations. Take this as the starting point and make it the
most important part of your preparation.

Tables: Learn all these tables by heart and see how you improve your calculation speed.

T T×1 T×2 T×3 T×4 T×5 T×6 T×7 T×8 T×9 T×10
12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120
13 13 26 39 52 65 78 91 104 117 130
14 14 28 42 56 70 84 98 112 126 140
15 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150
16 16 32 48 64 80 96 112 128 144 160
17 17 34 51 68 85 102 119 136 153 170
18 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180
19 19 38 57 76 95 114 133 152 171 190

4
Squares: Learn these squares by heart.

Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
Z 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100
Z 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Z2 121 144 169 196 225 256 289 324 361 400
Z 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Z2 441 484 529 576 625 676 729 784 841 900
Z 31 32 33 34 35
Z2 961 1024 1089 1156 1225

Cubes: Learn these cubes by heart

Y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3
Y 1 8 27 64 125 216 343 512 729 1000 1331
Y 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
3
Y 1728 2197 2744 3375 4096 4913 5832 6859 8000 9261 10648

1.D Simplification
Simplification means to simplify a complicated mathematical expression to get a single answer.
To understand it more clearly let us solve the following example.

Example: Solve 8 + 4 ÷ 2

1
Solution: The correct solution is as follows  8  4  = 8 + 2 = 10
2
Note: Many students will solve it as follows: 8 + 4 ÷ 2 = 12 ÷ 2 = 6 which is wrong. We must
follow the rule of BODMAS. According to this rule multiplication should be done after division.

Rule of BODMAS
B= Bracket (Brackets are solved at first)
O= Of
D= Division
M= Multiplication
A= Addition
S= Subtraction

So it means that while solving we must follow the above sequence. So in above given example
we first divide 4 by 2 and add it to 8 as division (D) is before addition (A) in BODMAS.
Now we will solve a few examples.

5
1.1.D.(i) Solved Examples
Ex 1: 5+5×5÷5
1
Sol. 5 + 5 ×5 ×  5 + 5 = 10
5

17
Ex 2: 2 + 2 of 4 ÷ 2 -
4
17
Sol. 2+8÷2- (Note ‘of’ must be solved before ‘÷’)
4
1 17 17 6 17 24 17 7
=2+8× - 2+4-    
2 4 4 1 4 4 4

Ex 3: 15 – [3 – {2 – (5 – 6  3 )}]
Sol. This is an example where brackets are given. Brackets are solved after Bar. The order of
solving the brackets is () {} and []. So solution of above examples is as follows.
= 15 – [3 - {2 – (5 – 9)}]  15 – [3 – {2 – (- 4)}]
= 15 – [3 - {2 + 4}]  15 – [ 3 – 6]  15 – [ - 3] = 15 + 3 = 18

5  55  5
Ex4: Solve
55  5  5
1
5  55
5  55  5 5  5  5  10  1
Sol. 
55  5  5 1 5  5 10
55  5
5

5  5 of 5  5
Ex 5: Solve
5  5 5  5
1 1
5 5 5
5  5 of 5  5 5  25  5 25 26 1 13
Sol.   5   
5  5 5  5 1 55 10 5 10 25
5  5  5
5
Ex 6: Solve the following questions approximately.
8.07× 41.09 +? = 400.37
Sol. In this question we do not need to solve with the actual values. We can take the
approximate values. We have 8.07× 41.09 +? = 400.37 which can be rewritten as 8 × 41 +
x = 400 => 328 + x = 400 => x = 72. So the answer should be close to 72.

Ex 7: What approximate value will come (?) in the following equation?

17.032+ 121 .009 ×43 =?
Sol. In this question we can take the approximate values as 17 2 + 121 × 43 = 289 + 11 × 43
= 762. So answer should be close to 762.

6
 1 7 4 2 4 3 2
Ex 8: The value of         of is
2 8 5 3 5 4 5
1 7 4 2 4 3 2 1 7 2 5 3
Sol.          of       
2  8 5   3 5  4 5 2 10  3 4  10
1 7 5 3 1 7 3 5 3 5 4 2
           
2 10 6 10 2 10 10 6 2 6 6 3

Ex 9: 100 × 10 – 100 + 2000 ÷ 100 = ?

Sol. 100 × 10 – 100 + 2000 ÷ 100 = 100 × 10 – 100 + 20 = 1000 – 100 + 20 = 1020 – 100 = 920.

Ex 10:
5  5  5  5  5 is equal to
33333
5  5  5  5  5 4  5  5 4 4 2
Sol. = =  
3  3  3  (3  3) 9  (3  3) 9  1 10 5

2 3
Ex 11: The value of  is
3 5 2 1
 of 1
6 3 4
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
Sol.  =  =  =   3  2
3 5 2 1 3 5 2 5 3 5 5 3 5 6 3
 of 1    
6 3 4 6 3 4 6 6 6 5

Ex 12: Simplify:: [0.9 -{2.3 – 3.2 – (7.1 – 5.4 – 3.5)}]

Sol. [0.9 -{2.3 – 3.2 – (7.1 – 5.4 – 3.5)}] = [0.9 -{2.3 – 3.2 – (7.1 – 8.9)}] = [0.9 -{2.3 – 3.2 +1.8}] =
[0.9 – 0.9] = 0

7
1.E Symboperation
As is clear from the name, operations are done, by following the directions given by symbols.
These questions do check the analytical skills of the candidate. One needs to be careful while
attempting these problems. A greater than or equal to B (A ≥ B) is different from A greater
than B (A > B).

Let us understand this concept by understanding the following.

If A > B and B < C then we cannot find any relationship between A and C
Or A > B < C cannot say anything sure about relation between A and C. Therefore we can say if
signs are not in symmetry (means symbol faces different directions), then no relation can be
established.

Again if we have A < B, B ≤ C and C = D, as all signs are in symmetry, it can be written as A < B ≤
C = D, so if we have to find relation between A and D then it is A < D, between A and C it is A <
C, and between B and D it is B ≤ D.
From above discussion we can conclude that if the signs are in symmetry, then the preference
of signs are in order <, ≤, =.
Similarly if E > F ≥ G = H then the order of preferences of signs are >, ≥, =

Solved Examples:
Ex 1: Statements: N < M, N ≥ P, M=T
Conclusions: I. T = N II. P < M

Sol. From given statements we have T = M > N ≥ P. So we have T > N, so conclusion I does
not hold true. And M > P, so conclusion II holds true.

Ex 2: Statements: D = E, E ≥ F, G≤F
Conclusions: I. F ≤ D II. E ≥ G

Sol. From given statements we have G ≤ F ≤ E = D. So we have F ≤ D, so conclusion I holds

true. And E ≥ G, so conclusion II also holds true.

Ex 3: Statements: X > Y, Z < Q, Q=P

Conclusions: I. Y < P II. Y ≥ P

Sol. From given statements we have X > Y and Z < Q = P

As both conclusions do not holds true but on combining both results we can say that
either conclusion I or conclusion II holds true.

In these questions symbols @, #, $, % and © are used with different meanings as follows:

A @ B' means 'A is smaller than B.'

A # B' means 'A is greater than B.'
A $ B' means 'A is either smaller than or equal to B’.

8
A % B' means 'A is either greater than or equal to B.'
A © B' means 'A is neither greater than nor smaller than B.'

In each question, three statements showing relationships have been given, which are followed
by two conclusions I & II. Assuming that the given statements are true, find out which
conclusion(s) is/are definitely true.

Mark answer (1), if only conclusion I is true;

Mark answer (2), if only conclusion II is true;
Mark answer (3), if either conclusion I or II is true;
Mark answer (4), if neither I nor II is true and
Mark answer (5), if both conclusions I and II are true;

Ex 1: Statements : L $ K, K @ M, J % M
Conclusions : I. L @ M II. K @ J
Sol. we have L  K …(i) ; K < M …(ii) ; J  M …(iii)
Combining all, we get L  K < M  J. Hence L < M and I follows.
Again, K < J and II follows. Hence 5th option

Ex 2: Statements : E $ W, W @ Q, Q % H
Conclusions : I. E $ Q II. E © H
Sol. We have E  W …(i); W < Q…(ii) ; Q  H…(iii)
From (i) and (ii), E  W < Q or E < Q…(iv). Hence I does not follow.
Again, from (iv) and (iii), E and H can’t be compared. Hence II does not follow. So 4 th
option

Ex 3: Statements : J © T, T # W, W % R
Conclusions : I. J # R II. T % R
Sol. We have J = T….(i) ; T > W….(ii) ; W  R ….(iii)
Combining all, we get J = T >W  R ….(iv). Hence J > R and so I follows.
Also, T > R and so II does not follow. Hence 1st option

Ex 4: Statements : T # R, R % H, H @ F
Conclusions : I. H @ T II. F © T
Sol. We have T > R …(i) ; R  H …(ii) ; H < F …(iii)
From (i) and (ii), T > R  H or H < T. Hence I follows
But from (i) and (iii) F and T can’t be compared. Hence II does not follow. So 1st option

Ex 5: Statements : F © D, D # V, V @ P
Conclusions : I. F © P II. V @ F
Sol. We have F = D …(i); D > V …. (ii) ; V < P …(iii)
From (i) and (ii), F = D > V or V < F. Hence II follows.
But from (i), (ii) and (iii) F and P can’t be compared. Hence I does not follow. So 2 nd
option

9
Sometimes Symbols @, %, *, $ and # are used with different meanings as explained below:

A$B' means 'A is not greater than B.

A#B' means' A is not smaller than B'.
A@B' means 'A is neither greater than nor equal to B'.
A % B' means 'A is neither smaller than nor equal to B'.
AB' means 'A is neither smaller than nor greater than B'.

In each question, three statements showing relationships have been given, which are followed
by two conclusions I and II. Assuming that the given statements are true, find out which
conclusion(s) is/are definitely true.

Give answer 1 if only conclusion I is true.

Give answer 2 if only conclusion II is true.
Give answer 3 if either conclusion I or II is true.
Give answer 4 if neither conclusion I nor II is true.
Give answer 5 if both conclusions I and II are true.

Ex 6: Statements : H%L, LG, G#M

Conclusions : I. H#M II. H%G
Sol. We have H > L... (i); L = G ... (ii); G ≥ M... (iii)
Combining all, we get H > L = G ≥ M. Hence, H > M.
This does not lead us to conclusion I. And H > G. This is conclusion II. Hence 2nd option

Ex 7: Statements : A$J, J%R, P@R

Conclusions : I. J%P II. PA
Sol. We have A  J ... (i). J > R ... (ii); P < R ... (iii)
Combining (ii) and (iii), we get J > P. Hence conclusion I is true.
But A and P can't be compared from (i) and (iii). Hence II is not true. So 1st option.

Ex 8: Statements : K%N, N#U, U$M

Conclusions : I. N M II. N%M
Sol. We have K >N ...(i); N  U...(ii); U ≤ M... (iii)
N and M can't be compared from (ii) and (iii). Neither I nor II are exhaustive because
they are silent on the possibility of N < M. Hence neither is definitely true. Hence 4 th
option

Ex 9: Statements : E%I, IK, K@J

Conclusions : I. K%E II. J%I

Sol. We have E > I... (i); I = K ... (ii); K < J ... (iii)
Combining (i) and (ii), we get E > I = K or E > K. Hence conclusion I (K > E) is not true.
Combining (ii) and (iii), we get I = K< J or I < J. Hence conclusion II (J > I) is true. So 2nd
option

10
Ex 10: Statements : BS, S@D, U#D
Conclusions : I. S@U II. D%B
Sol. We have B = S ... (i); S < D ... (ii); U ≥ D ... (iii)
Combining (ii) and (iii), we get S < D  U or S < U. Hence conclusion I is true.
Combining (i) and (ii), we get B = S < D or B < D. Hence conclusion II (D > B) is true. So 5th
option

If symbols ©, @, &, * and ∑ are used with different meanings as explained below:

A © B' means 'A is neither greater than nor equal to B.’ <
A @ B' means' A is neither smaller than nor greater than B'. =
A & B' means 'A is neither smaller than nor equal to B'. >
A * B' means 'A is not smaller than B'. ≥
A ∑ B' means 'A is not greater than B'. ≤

In each question, three statements showing relationships have been given, which are followed
by two conclusions I and II. Assuming that the given statements are true, find out which
conclusion(s) is/are definitely true.
Give answer 1 if only conclusion I is true.
Give answer 2 if only conclusion II is true.
Give answer 3 if either conclusion I or II is true.
Give answer 4 if neither conclusion I nor II is true.
Give answer 5 if both conclusions I and II are true.

Ex 11: Statements : P * Q, Q & R, S ∑ T, R©S

Conclusions : I. P © R II. T * R
Sol. From given symbols we have P ≥ Q, Q > R, S ≤ T, R< S
Or P ≥ Q > R  P > R and R < S ≤ T  R < T
So conclusion I, P< R is not correct and conclusion II, T ≥ R is also not correct.
Hence none follows, so option 4 is the answer

Ex 12: Statements : M ∑ N, P @ N, O & P, M * U

Conclusions : I. M ∑ P II. U @ P
Sol. From given symbols we have M ≤ N, N = P, O > P, M ≥ U
So we have U ≤ M ≤ N = P < O. Therefore conclusion I, M ≤ P is true
And conclusion II, U = P is not true. Hence option 1 is the answer

Ex 13: Statements : F @ E, F © G, H & G, J * H

Conclusions : I. E © H II. J & G
Sol. From given symbols we have F = E, F < G, H > G, J ≥ H
Or E = F < G < H ≤ J
Therefore conclusion I, E < H holds true and conclusion II, J > G also holds true.
Hence option 5 is the answer.

11
Ex 14: Statements : M ∑ P, K © L, L @ Q, N * P
Conclusions : I. K © M II. K* M
Sol. From given symbols we have M ≤ P, K < L, L = Q, N ≥ P
Therefore we have K < L = Q and N ≥ P ≥ M
So conclusion I, K < M does not holds true and conclusion II, K ≥ M also does not holds
true
But on combining both conclusions we can see that either I or II holds true
Hence option 3 is the answer

Ex 15: Statements : Z*Y, X ∑ Y, W@Z, V&W

Conclusions : I. W&Y II. X ∑ Z
Sol. From given symbols we have Z ≥ Y, X ≤ Y, W = Z, V > W
Therefore we have V > W = Z ≥ Y ≥ X
So conclusion I, W > Y does not holds true and conclusion II, X ≤ Z holds true
Hence option 2 is the answer

Note: The examples discussed above have 5 options, but sometime in the exam there are four
options and their order may be different as given here. So always check for the number of
choices as well as their order before solving the questions.

12