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Summary Notes - Naming

The document provides a comprehensive overview of naming conventions in chemistry, including the symbols for common elements, cations, anions, and binary compounds. It outlines the rules for naming ionic and covalent compounds, as well as oxyanions and acids. Additionally, it lists important compounds and their common names frequently encountered in exams.

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8 views

Summary Notes - Naming

The document provides a comprehensive overview of naming conventions in chemistry, including the symbols for common elements, cations, anions, and binary compounds. It outlines the rules for naming ionic and covalent compounds, as well as oxyanions and acids. Additionally, it lists important compounds and their common names frequently encountered in exams.

Uploaded by

mariazsamra07
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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@MEDichondria

Summary Notes: Naming in Chemistry

1. Elements and Their Symbols


Understanding the basic symbols of elements is crucial. Below are some of the most
common elements and their symbols:

 H - Hydrogen
 He - Helium
 Li - Lithium
 Be - Beryllium
 B - Boron
 C - Carbon
 N - Nitrogen
 O - Oxygen
 F - Fluorine
 Ne - Neon
 Na - Sodium
 Mg - Magnesium
 Al - Aluminum
 Si - Silicon
 P - Phosphorus
 S - Sulfur
 Cl - Chlorine
 Ar - Argon
 K - Potassium
 Ca - Calcium
 Fe - Iron
 Cu - Copper
 Zn - Zinc
 Br - Bromine
 I - Iodine
 Ag - Silver
 Sn - Tin
 Pb - Lead
 Au - Gold
 Hg – Mercury
@MEDichondria

2. Cations (Positively Charged Ions)


Cations are typically metals or polyatomic ions with a positive charge. Here's a list of
common cations:

 H⁺ - Hydrogen ion
 Li⁺ - Lithium ion
 Na⁺ - Sodium ion
 K⁺ - Potassium ion
 Mg²⁺ - Magnesium ion
 Ca²⁺ - Calcium ion
 Ba²⁺ - Barium ion
 Al³⁺ - Aluminum ion
 Fe²⁺ - Iron(II) ion or Ferrous ion
 Fe³⁺ - Iron(III) ion or Ferric ion
 Cu⁺ - Copper(I) ion or Cuprous ion
 Cu²⁺ - Copper(II) ion or Cupric ion
 Zn²⁺ - Zinc ion
 Ag⁺ - Silver ion
 Hg₂²⁺ - Mercury(I) ion or Mercurous ion
 Hg²⁺ - Mercury(II) ion or Mercuric ion
 Pb²⁺ - Lead(II) ion
 Pb⁴⁺ - Lead(IV) ion
 NH₄⁺ - Ammonium ion
@MEDichondria

3. Anions (Negatively Charged Ions)


Anions are non-metals or polyatomic ions with a negative charge. Below are some of
the most common anions:

 H⁻ - Hydride ion
 F⁻ - Fluoride ion
 Cl⁻ - Chloride ion
 Br⁻ - Bromide ion
 I⁻ - Iodide ion
 O²⁻ - Oxide ion
 S²⁻ - Sulfide ion
 N³⁻ - Nitride ion
 P³⁻ - Phosphide ion
 OH⁻ - Hydroxide ion
 CN⁻ - Cyanide ion
 O₂²⁻ - Peroxide ion
 NO₃⁻ - Nitrate ion
 NO₂⁻ - Nitrite ion
 SO₄²⁻ - Sulfate ion
 SO₃²⁻ - Sulfite ion
 HSO₄⁻ - Hydrogen sulfate ion (Bisulfate ion)
 CO₃²⁻ - Carbonate ion
 HCO₃⁻ - Hydrogen carbonate ion (Bicarbonate ion)
 PO₄³⁻ - Phosphate ion
 H₂PO₄⁻ - Dihydrogen phosphate ion
 HPO₄²⁻ - Hydrogen phosphate ion
 CH₃COO⁻ - Acetate ion
 MnO₄⁻ - Permanganate ion
 CrO₄²⁻ - Chromate ion
 Cr₂O₇²⁻ - Dichromate ion
@MEDichondria

4. Naming Binary Compounds


Binary compounds consist of two elements. The naming convention depends on
whether the compound is ionic or covalent.

Ionic Compounds:
 NaCl - Sodium chloride
 MgO - Magnesium oxide
 FeCl₂ - Iron(II) chloride
 FeCl₃ - Iron(III) chloride
 CuO - Copper(II) oxide
 Cu₂O - Copper(I) oxide
Covalent Compounds:
 CO - Carbon monoxide
 CO₂ - Carbon dioxide
 SO₂ - Sulfur dioxide
 SO₃ - Sulfur trioxide
 PCl₃ - Phosphorus trichloride
 PCl₅ - Phosphorus pentachloride

5. Compounds Containing Oxygen


Oxyanions are polyatomic ions containing oxygen. Naming these depends on the
number of oxygen atoms:

Common Oxyanions:
 NO₃⁻ - Nitrate
 NO₂⁻ - Nitrite
 SO₄²⁻ - Sulfate
 SO₃²⁻ - Sulfite
 ClO₄⁻ - Perchlorate
 ClO₃⁻ - Chlorate
 ClO₂⁻ - Chlorite
 ClO⁻ - Hypochlorite

Naming Acids (Without Oxygen):


 HCl - Hydrochloric acid
 H₂S - Hydrosulfuric acid

Naming Acids (With Oxygen):


 H₂SO₄ - Sulfuric acid
 H₂SO₃ - Sulfurous acid
 HNO₃ - Nitric acid
 HNO₂ - Nitrous acid
 H₃PO₄ - Phosphoric acid
 H₃PO₃ - Phosphorous acid
@MEDichondria

6. Important Compounds and Their Common Names


Here are some compounds that often appear in exams:

 H₂O - Water
 NH₃ - Ammonia
 CH₄ - Methane
 C₂H₆ - Ethane
 C₃H₈ - Propane
 C₄H₁₀ - Butane
 C₂H₅OH - Ethanol
 H₂O₂ - Hydrogen peroxide
 CaCO₃ - Calcium carbonate
 NaHCO₃ - Sodium bicarbonate (Baking soda)
 NaClO - Sodium hypochlorite (Bleach)
 C₆H₁₂O₆ - Glucose
 C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ - Sucrose (Table sugar)

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