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CHAPTER SEVEN
SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND
INEQUALITIES
243
(2, 2) x + 2y = 6 x − y = −6
( 2 ) + 2 ( 2) = 6 ( 2) − (2) = −6
2+4 = 6 0 ≠ −6
6=6
Therefore (2, 2) is not a solution.
(3, − 9) x + 2y = 6 x − y = −6
(3) + 2 (−9) = 6 (3) − (−9) = −6
3 −18 = 6 12 ≠ −6
−15 ≠ 6
Therefore (3, − 9) is not a solution.
13. 14.
15. 16.
17. 18.
19. 20.
21. 22.
23. 24.
25. 26.
27. 28.
29. 30.
31. 32.
33. a) Two lines with different slopes are not 34. a) Consistent; the system has one solution.
parallel, and therefore have exactly one point b) Inconsistent; the system has no solution.
of intersection giving one solution. c) Dependent; the system has infinitely many
b) Two lines with the same slope and different solutions.
y-intercepts are distinct parallel lines and
have no solution. 35. 2 x + y = 5 y = −2 x + 5
c) Two lines with the same slopes and same slope, same y-intercept;
y-intercepts have infinitely many solutions, infinite number of solutions
each point on the line.
36. 3 x + 2 y = 4 4 y = −6 x + 6 37. 3 x + y = −6 4 x − 2 y = −8
diff slopes, diff. y-intercepts; no solution different slopes, one solution
46. 4x + 7y = 2 4x = 6 + 7y 47. 4y – 2x = 15 3y – 5x = 9
different slopes, one solution slopes are not negative reciprocals,
not perpendicular
c) 0.79 x + 30 = 0.85 x + 24
0.79 x − 0.79 x + 30 = 0.85 x − 0.79 x + 24
30 = 0.06 x + 24
30 − 24 = 0.06 x + 24 − 24
6 = 0.06 x
6 0.06 x
=
0.06 0.06
x = 100
100 miles
53. a) Let C = cost , R = revenue 53. c) The cost and revenue graphs intersect when
C(x) = 15x + 400 x = 40 so 40 is the number of backpacks
R(x) = 25x Benjamin’s must sell to break even.
b) d) P = R(x) – C(x) = 25x – (15x + 400)
P = 10x − 400
e) P = 10(30) − 400 = 300 – 400 = − $100 (loss)
f) 1000 = 10x − 400 Æ 10x = 1400
x = 140 BPs
55. a) Let C(x) = cost , R(x) = revenue 55. c) The cost and revenue graphs intersect when
C(x) = 115x + 3850 x = 110 so 110 is the number of units the
R(x) = 150x manufacturer must sell to break even.
b) d) P = R(x) – C(x) = 150x – (115x + 3850)
P = 35x − 3850
e) P = 35(100) − 3850 = 3500 – 3850
= − $350 (loss)
f) 875 = 35x − 3850 Æ 35x = 4725
x = 135 units
56. Two systems are: consistent if they have different slopes; dependent if they have the same slopes and
same y-intercepts; and inconsistent if they have same slopes and different y-intercepts.
.15 x 150
= so x = $1000
.15 .15
4. y = 4x - 2
y = 3x + 1
Substitute (4x - 2) in place of y in the second
equation.
4x - 2 = 3x + 1 (solve for x)
4x – 3x - 2 = 3x – 3x + 1
x-2=1
x-2+2=1+2
x=3
Now substitute 3 for x in the 1st equation
y = 4(3) - 2 y = 10
The solution is (3, 10). Consistent
5. 6x + 3y = 3
x – 3y = 4 Æ x = 3y + 4
Substitute (3y + 4) in place of x in the first
equation.
6(3y + 4) + 3y = 3 (solve for y)
18y + 24 +3y = 3
21y = -21 y = -1
Now substitute -1 for y in the 1st equation
6x + 3(-1) = 3
6x = 6 x=1
The solution is (1, -1). Consistent
6. 4x – y = 2 Æ y = 4x - 2
2x – y = 6
Substitute (4x - 2) in place of y in the second
equation.
2x - (4x - 2) = 6 (solve for x)
2x - 4x + 2 = 6
-x = 2 x=-2
Now substitute - 2 for x in the 1st equation
4(- 2) - y = 2
-8–y=2
y = - 10
The solution is (- 2, - 10). Consistent
7. y – x = 4 8. x + y = 3
x–y=3 y+x=5
Solve the first equation for y. Solve the second equation for y.
y – x + x= x + 4 y + x – x= – x + 5
y=x+4 y=–x+5
Substitute (x + 4) for y in the second equation. Substitute (– x + 5) for y in the first equation.
x – (x + 4)= 3 (combine like terms) x +(– x + 5) = 3
–4 3 False 5 3 False
Since – 4 does not equal 3, there is no solution Since 5 does not equal 3, there is no solution to
to this system. The equations are inconsistent. this system. The equations are inconsistent.
9. 3y + 2x = 4 10. x = 5y – 12
y=6–x x–y=0
Substitute (5y – 12) for x in the second equation.
Solve the second equation for x.
5y – 12 – y= 0 (solve for y)
3y = 6 – x 4y – 12 = 0
3y – 6 = 6 – 6 – x 4y = 12 (div. by 4) y=3
3y – 6 = – x Now substitute 3 for y in the second equation.
– 3y + 6 =x x–3=0
Now substitute (– 3y + 6) for x in the 1st eq’n. x=3
3y + 2(6 – 3y) = 4 (solve for y) The solution is (3,3). Consistent
3y + 12 – 6y = 4
– 3y = – 8 (div. by – 3) y = 8/3
nd
Substitute 8/3 for y in the 2 eq’n.
3(8/3) n = 6 – x
8=6–x x = -2
The solution is (– 2, 8/3). Consistent
11. y – 2x = 3 12. y = 2
2y = 4x + 6 y+x+3=0
Solve the first equation for y.
Substitute 2 in place of y in the second equation.
y – 2x + 2x = 2x + 3
y = 2x + 3 2+x+3=0
Now substitute (2x + 3) for y in the 2nd eq’n. x+5=0
x+5–5=0–5 x = -5
2(2x + 3) = 4x + 6
4x + 6 = 4x + 6 The solution is (– 5,2). Consistent
4x – 4x + 6 = 4x – 4x + 6
6=6
This statement is true for all values of x.
The system is dependent.
13. x = y + 3 14. x + 2y = 6
x=–3 y = 2x + 3
Substitute – 3 in place of x in the first
Substitute (2x + 3) for y in the first
equation.
–3=y+3 equation.
–3–3=y+3–3 x + 2(2x + 3) = 6
–6=y x + 4x + 6 = 6
The solution is (– 3,– 6). Consistent 5x + 6 – 6 = 6 – 6
5x = 0
5x 0
= x=0
5 5
Now substitute 0 for x in the second
equation.
y = 2(0) + 3 = 0 + 3 = 3
15. y + 3x – 4 = 0 16. x + 4y = 7
2x – y = 7 2x + 3y = 5
Solve the first equation for y. Solve the first equation for x.
y + 3x – 4 = 0 x = 7 – 4y
y = 4 – 3x Substitute (7 – 4y) for x in the second equation.
Substitute 4 – 3x for y in the second eq. 2(7 – 4y) + 3y = 5 (solve for y)
2x – (4 – 3x) = 7 (solve for x) 14 – 8y + 3y = 5
2x – 4 + 3x = 7 – 5y = – 9 y = 9/5
5x = 11 x = 11/5 Now substitute (9/5) for y in the eq’n. x + 4y = 7.
Substitute 11/5 for x in the second eq’n. x +4(9/5) = 7
2(11/5) – y = 7 (solve for y) x + 36/5 = 35/5 x = – 1/5
22/5 – y = 7 The solution is (– 1/5,9/5). Consistent
– y = 13/5 y = – 13/5
The solution is (11/5, – 13/5). Consistent
17. x = 2y + 3 18. x + 4y = 9
y = 3x – 1 2x – y – 6 = 0
Substitute (3x – 1) for y in the first equation. Solve the first equation for x.
x = 2(3x – 1) + 3 x + 4y – 4y = 9 – 4y
x = 6x – 2 + 3 x = 9 – 4y
x = 6x + 1 Substitute (9 – 4y) for x in the second equation.
x – 6x= 6x – 6x + 1 2(9 – 4y) – y – 6 = 0
– 5x = 1 18 – 8y – y – 6 = 0
−5x 1 12 – 9y = 0
= x= – 1/5
−5 −5 12 – 9y + 9y = 0 + 9y
Substitute – 1/5 for x in the second equation. 12 = 9y 12/9 = y
y = 3(– 1/5) – 1 = – 3/5 – 5/5 = – 8/5 Substitute (12/9) = (4/3) for y in the equation.
The solution is (– 1/5, – 8/5). Consistent x = 9 – 4y
x = 9 – 4(4/3) = 27/3 – 16/3 = 11/3
The solution is (11/3,4/3). Consistent
23. x + y = 12 24. 4x + 2y = 2
x – 2y = -3 3x – 2y = 12
Multiply the 1st eq’n. by 2, then add the eq’ns. Add the equations to eliminate y.
To eliminate y. 7x = 14 x=2
2x + 2y = 24 Substitute 2 for x in either eq’n.
x – 2y = -3 4(2) + 2y = 2 (solve for x)
3x = 21 x=7 2y = - 6 y=-3
Substitute 7 for x in either eq’n. The solution is (2, -3) Consistent
(7) + y = 12 (solve for y) y=5
The solution is (7, 5) Consistent
25. 2x – y = – 4 26. x + y = 6
– 3x – y = 6 – 2x + y = – 3
Multiply the second equation by – 1, Multiply the second equation by – 1,
2x – y = – 4 x+y=6
3x + y= – 6 add the equations to eliminate y 2x – y= 3 add the equations to eliminate y
5x = – 10 x= – 2 3x = 9 x=3
Substitute – 2 in place of x in the first equation. Substitute 3 for x in the first equation.
2(– 2) – y = – 4 3+y=6 y=3
–4 – y = – 4 The solution is (3, 3). Consistent
–y =0 y=0
The solution is (– 2, 0). Consistent
27. 4x + y = 6 28. 2x + y = 6
3x + 2y = 7 3x + y = 5
Multiply the first equation by - 2, Multiply the first equation by – 1,
– 8x - 2y = – 12 – 2x – y = – 6
3x + 2y= 7 add the equations to eliminate y 3x + y= 5 add the equations to eliminate y
– 5x = – 5 x= 1 x=–1
Substitute 1 for x in the 2nd equation. Substitute – 1 in place of x in the first equation.
3(1) + 2y = 7 2(– 1) + y = 6
31. 3x – 4y = 11 32. 4x – 2y = 6
3x + 5y = –7 4y = 8x – 12 or 8x – 4y = 12
Multiply the first equation by (– 1), Multiply the first equation by (– 2),
– 3x + 4y = – 11 - 8x + 4y = – 12
3x + 5y = – 7 add the equations to elim. x 8x – 4y= – 12 add the equations to elim. y
9y = – 18 y=–2 0 = 0 True
Substitute – 2 for y in the first equation. This statement is true for all values of x.
3x – 4(– 2) = 11 This system is dependent.
3x = 3 x=1
The solution is (1,– 2). Consistent
33. 4x + y = 6 34. 2x + 3y = 6
– 8x – 2y = 13 5x – 4y = – 8
Multiply the first equation by 2, Multiply the first equation by 5, and the
8x + 2y = 12 second equation by (– 2),
– 8x – 2y = 13 add the equations to elim. y 10x + 15y = 30
0 ≠ 25 False - 10x + 8y= 16 add the equations to elim. x
Since this statement is not true for any values 23y = 46 y=2
of x and y, the equations are inconsistent. Substitute 2 for y in the first equation.
2x + 3(2) = 6
2x = 0 x=0
The solution is (0,2). Consistent
35. 2x – 4y = 4 36. 6x + 6y = 1
3x – 2y = 4 4x + 9y = 4
Multiply the second equation by – 2. Multiply the first equation by 2, and the
2x – 4y = 4 second equation by -3,
–6x + 4y = – 8 add the equations to elim. Y 12x + 12y = 2
–4x = – 4 x=1 -12x - 27y = -12 add the equations to elim. x
Substitute – 2 for x in the first equation. -15y = -10 y = 2/3
2(1) – 4y = 4 Substitute 2/3 for y in the 1st equation.
2 – 4y =4 6x + 6(2/3) = 1
–4y = 2 y = –1/2 6x + 4 = 1
The solution is (1, – 1/2). Consistent 6x = -3 x = -1/2
The solution is (-1/2, 2/3). Consistent
41. Let x = # of liters at 10% 42. Let x = number of $30 sets she purchased
15 – x = # of liters at 40% y = number of $40 sets she purchased
45. Let x = no. of pounds of nuts 46. Let a = number of grams of Mix A
y = no. of pounds of pretzels b = number of grams of Mix B
x + y = 20 y = -x + 20 Protein: 0.10a + 0.20b = 20
3x + 1y = 30 Carbohydrates: 0.06a + 0.02b = 6
Substitute (20 – x) for y in the 2nd equation. Multiply the 2nd equation by (– 10),
3x + (20 – x) = 30 – 0.60a – 0.20b = – 60
3x + 20 – x = 30 0.10a + 0.20b= 20 add to eliminate b
2x = 10 x=5 Solve for y – 0.50a = – 40 a = 80
y = 20 – 5 = 15 Substitute 80 for a in the first equation.
0.10(80) + 0.20b = 20
Mix 5 lbs. of nuts with 15 lbs. of pretzels 8 + 0.20b = 20
0.20b = 12 b = 60
a = 80 grams of Mix A
b = 60 grams of Mix B
51. (1/u) + (2/v) = 8 52. Determine the equations of two lines that pass
(3/u) – (1/v) =3 through (6,5) and another point.
1 1 Example: y = 5
Substitute x for u and y for v .
y = (5/6)x
(1) x + 2y = 8
(2) 3x – y = 3
53. a) (2) + (1) + (4) = 7 (2) – (1) + 2(4) = 9
Multiply eq’n. (2) by 2,
7=7 9=9
x + 2y = 8
-(2) + 2(1) + (4) = 4
6x – 2y = 6 add to eliminate y
4=4 (2,1,4) is a solution.
7x = 14 x= 2, thus u = ½
b) Add eq’ns. 1 and 2 to yield eq’n. 4
Substitute 2 for x in eq. (1).
Multiply eq’n. 2 by 2, then add eq’ns. 2 and 3
(2) + 2y = 8
to yield eq’n. 5
2y = 6 y = 3, thus v = 1/3
Combine eq’ns. 4 and 5 to find one variable.
Substitute back into various equations to find
Answer: ( 1/2, 1/3)
the other 2 variables.
54. y = 2x – 7 55. y = 3x + 3
y = 2x + 5 (1/3)y = x + 1
The system of equations has no solution If we multiply the 2nd eq’n. by 3, we get the eq’n.
because the slopes of the corresponding lines y = 3x + 1, the same as eq’n. # 1.
are equal (m = 2) but the y-intercepts are 2 lines that lie on top of one another have an
different. infinite number of solutions.
56. When solving a system of equations, if you 57. a) – d) Answers will vary.
obtain a true statement such as 0 = 0, the system is
dependent and has an infinite number of solutions.
Language: English
## AMERICAN NOTES
## CAPTAINS COURAGEOUS
## BARRACK-ROOM BALLADS
## LIFE’S HANDICAP
## SOLDIERS THREE
KIM
VERSES 1889-1896
CONTENTS
OTHER VERSES
THE BALLAD OF EAST AND WEST
THE LAST SUTTEE
THE BALLAD OF THE KING'S MERCY
THE BALLAD OF THE KING'S JEST
WITH SCINDIA TO DELHI
THE BALLAD OF BOH DA THONE
THE LAMENT OF THE BORDER CATTLE THIEF
THE RHYME OF THE THREE CAPTAINS
THE BALLAD OF THE “CLAMPHERDOWN”
THE BALLAD OF THE “BOLIVAR”
THE SACRIFICE OF ER-HEB
THE EXPLANATION
THE GIFT OF THE SEA
EVARRA AND HIS GODS
THE CONUNDRUM OF THE WORKSHOPS
THE LEGEND OF EVIL
THE ENGLISH FLAG
“CLEARED”
AN IMPERIAL RESCRIPT
TOMLINSON
L'ENVOI TO “LIFE'S HANDICAP”
L'ENVOI
CONTENTS
A Charm
Introduction
COLD IRON
Cold Iron
GLORIANA
Gloriana
The Looking-Glass
BROTHER SQUARE-TOES
Philadelphia
Brother Square-Toes
IF—
A DOCTOR OF MEDICINE
An Astrologer’s Song
A Doctor of Medicine
‘Our Fathers of Old’
SIMPLE SIMON
The Thousandth Man
Simple Simon
Frankie’s Trade
CONTENTS
LISPETH.
THREE AND—AN EXTRA.
THROWN AWAY.
MISS YOUGHAL'S SAIS.
YOKED WITH AN UNBELIEVER.
FALSE DAWN.
THE RESCUE OF PLUFFLES.
CUPID'S ARROWS.
HIS CHANCE IN LIFE.
WATCHES OF THE NIGHT.
THE OTHER MAN.
CONSEQUENCES.
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