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Sublimation

The document outlines methods for purifying organic compounds, emphasizing the importance of removing impurities from reaction products. It specifically discusses sublimation as a technique for purifying solid organic substances, detailing the process and advantages over crystallization. The document also includes a procedural outline for an experiment involving sublimation and prompts for discussion on the results.

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Iromevan Paburian
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5 views

Sublimation

The document outlines methods for purifying organic compounds, emphasizing the importance of removing impurities from reaction products. It specifically discusses sublimation as a technique for purifying solid organic substances, detailing the process and advantages over crystallization. The document also includes a procedural outline for an experiment involving sublimation and prompts for discussion on the results.

Uploaded by

Iromevan Paburian
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Methods of Organic Purification

An organic compound resulting from a reaction is usually impure owing to the presence
of small amounts of the materials from which it was prepared or to by-products or other
products formed by secondary reactions. These impurities may either be mixed with the
compound or absorbed by it. Whenever possible, pure substances should be employed in all
experimental works. Therefore, it becomes necessary to eliminate the impurities. A few of the
general methods used for this purpose are outlined below. The method to be used in any one
case will depend upon the nature of the substance to be purified and also upon the impurities
present.

Experiment No. _

Sublimation

Discussion:

When a pure organic solid is heated, the vapor pressures of all the components are
increased. Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by the gas of a substance when it
is in equilibrium with the liquid or solid phase of that substance. If the vapor pressure of the
major component rises more rapidly than that of the impurity so that this vapor pressure equals
one atmosphere before the melting point of this component is reached, the solid will pass into
vapor without intermediate passage the liquid state. Upon cooling, the vapor is converted to
crystals which have high degree of purity. This process is known as sublimation. This is one of
the most convenient techniques in purifying solid organic substances which have high
reasonable vapor pressures. In this method of purification, the solid is heated until its vapor
pressure is high enough to collect on a cooled surface above the solid. One of the advantages
of this method is the less time requirement and less transferring operations as compared to
crystallization but it cannot be used for the separation of compounds having similar vapor
pressures.

Procedures:

Place about two (2) grams of mixture of powdered naphthalene and sodium sulfate in
an evaporating dish. Cover the dish with a filter paper on a glass funnel. Heat very slowly with a
small amount of the sublimate in hot water and add a few drops of barium chloride solution.

Questions for Discussion:

What does the result indicate?

Has the purification of the organic compound been attained?


Organic Chemistry Individual Report Group No. ______

Name: _________________________ Date: ___________

Section: _______________________ Rating: __________

Experiment No. ___

Title

___________________________________

I. Discussion

II. Objective/s

III. Materials/Reagents

IV. Drawings/Set-up

V. Observation/Discussion of Results

VI. Conclusions/Generalizations

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