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9.2 NOTES-1

The document explains the application of magnetism, detailing how current-carrying conductors create magnetic fields and how to determine their direction using the right-hand thumb rule. It discusses the magnetic fields produced by coils and solenoids, and their uses in devices like electric bells, video/audio tapes, and computer discs. Additionally, it covers the use of permanent magnets in loudspeakers and telephone receivers.

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8 views6 pages

9.2 NOTES-1

The document explains the application of magnetism, detailing how current-carrying conductors create magnetic fields and how to determine their direction using the right-hand thumb rule. It discusses the magnetic fields produced by coils and solenoids, and their uses in devices like electric bells, video/audio tapes, and computer discs. Additionally, it covers the use of permanent magnets in loudspeakers and telephone receivers.

Uploaded by

jnrnormie
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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9.2 APPLICATION OF MAGNETISM.

 A current carrying conductor creates a circular magnetic field around


its self.
 The direction of the field is remembered using the right - hand
thumb rule. This rule is shown in Fig. 9.2.1 below.

Fig. 9.2.1: The right - hand thumb rule to determine the magnetic field of a
current carrying conductor.

 The thumb shows the direction in which the current is flowing in the
conductor.
 The curling fingers show the magnetic field produced.

Fig. 9.2.2: The direction of magnetic field created by current flowing


through a wire.
Magnetic field in coils and solenoid.

 The magnetic field formed by a coil or solenoid can be found using


plotting compasses or iron filings.
 The direction of the field lines can be remembered by following these
rules of thumb:

1. When viewing from the end, an anticlockwise current behaves like a N-


pole.
2. When viewing from the end, an clockwise current behaves like a S-
pole.

Fig. 9.2.3: Determining the magnetic field for coil or solenoid.

Uses of temporal magnets (electromagnets).


Electric bell.

 Soft iron is used as the temporal magnet.


 Coiling a current carrying conductor around the soft iron will induce
magnetism on the soft iron.
 From Fig. 9.2.4, when the switch is on (to ring the bell). The current
flows through the coils to induce the soft iron to become an
electromagnet.
 The electromagnet will attract the soft iron causing the hammer to hit
the bell and the springy strip to bend (stretch).
 The movement of the soft iron towards the electromagnet will create a
gap between the springy strip and the contact point. Contact is lost, no
current is flowing hence the electromagnet loses its magnetism.
 At this time the stretched springy strip will return to its normal state,
closing the contact point gap therefore contact and flow of current
occurs again.
 The process now restarts and the bell will continue to ring as long as
the switch is on.

Fig. 9.2.4: The electric bell.

Video and audio tapes.

 Cassettes use magnetic tapes to record pictures and sounds.

Fig. 9.2.5: Some of the devices that use magnetic tapes.


 The tape is a long thin plastic coated with a layer of iron oxide or
similar material.
 When recording on these devices, the iron oxide, which is between soft
and hard, becomes magnetized and keeps its magnetism.

Fig. 9.2.6: Recording audio on a magnetic tape.

 This magnetism is easily demagnetized by placing a strong magnet


near or on the device.

Computer discs.

Fig. 9.2.7: Computer hard drive.

 The recording head contains a tiny electromagnet which is used to


create tracks of varying magnetism on a spinning disc.
 The disc can be made of aluminium or glass coated with magnetic
material.
Uses of permanent magnets.
Loud speakers.

 This uses a moving coil attached to paper cone.


 The coil fits into a cylindrical magnet which has a centre south pole
surrounded by the north poleNorth Pole as shown in Fig. 9.2.8 and Fig.
9.2.9.

Fig. 9.2.8: Dismantled speaker.

 Amplified current from the sound system causes the coil to in the
magnetic field, the motion of the paper cone produces sound wave in
the air.

Fig. 9.2.9: Cross section of a speaker.

Telephone receivers.
 The telephone receiver has an ear piece and mouth piece. The mouth
piece does not use magnets.
 The earpiece changes alternating current into sound waves with the
use of permanent magnets.
 Soft irons are place opposite to each other on a magnet , 'speech' coils
are wound in opposite direction on each as shown in Fig. 9.2.10.

Fig. 9.2.10: Earpiece of a telephone.

 The speech current enters the earpiece via the lead. This induces
electromagnetism on the soft irons poles and the magnetization varies
with the frequency of the speech.

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