METAVERSE IN HEALTHCARE

Submitted by

ROHIT SRINIVASAN

PRN No:21021321132

BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (BBA)

SYMBIOSIS CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES, NAGPUR

31st March, 2023

 DECLARATION

I undersigned, hereby declare that the project titled<“-----Metaverse in healthcare--------“>

submit partial fulfillment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of Business Administration of
Symbiosis International (Deemed University) is a bonafide record of work done by me under
the guidanceof <Name of Guide>, <Symbiosis Centre for Management Studies - Nagpur>.
This report has not previously formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, or
similar title of any University.

31.3.2023
Signature
Date Rohit srinivasan

i
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report titled“METAVERSE IN

HEALTHCARE Being submitted by ROHIT SRINIVASAN,
21021321132, inpartial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the Degree ofBachelor of Business Administration, is a bonafide record
of the project work done by ROHIT SRINIVASANof Symbiosis Centre
for Management Studies - Nagpur

DR PRASHANT MEHTA
ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR

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 Acknowledgements

ThroughthisacknowledgementIexpressmysinceregratitudetowardsallthosepeoplewhohelpedm
ein this project, which has been a learning experience.

This spacewouldn’tbeenoughtoextendmywarmgratitudetowardsmyprojectguide

DR PRASHANT MEHTAfor his efforts in coordinating with my work and

Guiding in right direction. I escalate a heartfelt regard to our Institution Director DR

SAMEERR PINGLE for giving me the essential hand in concluding this work.

ItwouldbeinjusticetoproceedwithoutacknowledgingthosevitalsupportsIreceivedfrommybelove
dclassmates and friends, without whomIwould havebeen halfdone.

I also use this space to offer my sincere love to my parents and all others who had been there,
helping me walk through this work.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

SlNo. Topics PageNo

1 ABSTRACT 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 EXISTING DIGITAL AND SMART HEALTHCARE 3

TECHNOLOGIES
1.3 TECHNOLOGIES FACILITATING METAVERSE IN 8
HEALTHCARE
1.4 USE OF METAVERSE IN HEALTHCARE 11

1.5 FUTURE PROSEPCTS IN THE FIELD 14

1.6 PROBLEM, SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE DECISIONS 15

2 RESEARCHMETHODS 16

2.1 SourcesofData 16

2.2 Primaryand Secondarydata 16

3 CONCLUSIONS 17

4 REFERENCES 18

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 1. ABSTRACT

The rapid advancements in technology have also accelerated the developments in many fields
especially healthcare, providing access to newer ways of treatment and diagnosis at lower costs.
The METAVERSE is result of the digital era in which we exist and has the potential to be
applied in many fields, even amongst the health fraternity.
This article offers a thorough analysis of the Metaverse for healthcare, focusing on its current
level of development, the technologies that make it possible to use it, future applications, and
associated initiatives. As part of future study, the problems with the Metaverse's adaption for
healthcare applications are also emphasized, along with some likely fixes.

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Healthcare is an important factor for ensuring the physical and social prosperity in the long as
well as the short run for the entirety of humanity on this planet. It also makes a significant
contribution to the effective industrialization and economic growth of a nation. As a result of
being heavily exposed to technology advancement, this industry has experienced tremendous
expansion and revolution. to improve the connection between providers, patients, and relevant
stake holders. The transformation of digital healthcare has played a critical role in enabling
change in the healthcare sector. The commencement of digital health services has affected the
way patients are treated by their respective physicians. Despite the healthcare industry's rapid
advancement, several difficulties remain significant, such as intractable. Long-term chronic
conditions, rising prices, an aging population, a shortage of healthcare workers, and a lack of
resources are all factors that must be considered. The recent COVID-19 pandemic had put an
enormous pressure on the healthcare sector globally, therefore looking for more ways to
treamline it and boosting the efficiency of the current system in place.

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1.2 EXISTING DIGITAL AND SMART HEALTHCARE
TECHNOLOGIES
1. SENSORS
A. The accuracy of personal health care depends on depends on determining
different cognitive variables. Despite its availability medical instruments
cost a fortune and drain a lot of power. In IoT-based medical systems,
sensors are purposely integrated to this end, where they can determine
various organic frameworks. and track live the health condition, particularly
at the time of using remote sensing technology. Because analogue
temperature sensors require an outer or interior ADC component, they are

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 less frequently used in modern healthcare devices and systems than digital
temperature sensors. To calculate and observe the patient's temperature,
some digital temperature sensors are typically employed as integrated
components in PMS. Because analogue temperature sensors require an
external or internal ADC (analog-to-digital converter) component, they are
less frequently utilized in modern healthcare devices and systems than
digital temperature sensors. To determine and observe the body
temperature, several digital temperature sensors are typically employed as
inbuilt components in wearable patient monitoring systems.
B. Lately wearable sensor technology has been developed which takes
advantage of single-reduction Graphene oxide fiber that is independent,
giving many advantages in the form of quick response, better balance under
mechanical deformation and suitable easement. This fiber-based, wearable
temperature sensor is intriguing for applications in healthcare measurement
and monitoring. Electro cardio diagram also known as ECG, extensively
utilized to determine heartbeat and strength, were found in connected
wearable equipments such as FITWATCHES were useful in tracing and
detecting deformities such as abnormal heart rate or any heart related
conditions with the help of machine learning algorithms.

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 a. BIG DATA
b. VOLUME
c. VARIETY
d. VELOCITY
e. VERACITY
f. VALUE
g. VARIABILITY
h. VALENCE

BIG DATA comprises of the seven V’S mentioned above. For the BIG DATA
workflow a procedure of four sequential steps need to be implemented for BIG
DATA with BIG DATA origination (obtained from sources such as hospitals,
health centre, sources across the web or biometrical information). Big data
generation, big data acquisition, big data storage, and big data analysis should be
done after big data origination

2. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
a. AI in healthcare refers to the utilization of ML in healthcare for copying humanly insights
for examining and diagnosing healthcare conditions and the complications related to it.
b. An area of artificial intelligence known as machine learning (ML) consists of six
statistical algorithms that can infer conclusions from data and learn from it. A wide range
of scientific fields, including medicine with precision medicine (i.e., forecasting and
suggesting an optimal treatment strategy to succeed on a patient based on the analysis and
diagnosis of multiple patient attributes), make use of machine learning (ML), which gives
computers the ability to learn patterns from data automatically without the need for direct
programming. Majority AI/ML algorithms can be categorized into 2 broad types-
traditional and advance which can be utilized to finding the solution to 3 main problems
i.e. clustering, clarification and regression. Four types of data-based learning are

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 oftencarried out by conventional AI/ML algorithms. Learning the relationship between
information and result using a mapping function is known as supervised learning.
Unsupervised learning (i.e., the use of ML algorithms for unlabeled data analysis and
clustering, and their ability to identify data grids without physical interaction) and semi-
directed study are three types of machine learning.
c. DL (deep learning) which is a subdivision of AI that depends on multilayered artificial
neural networks to reach original performance with regard to the medical/health field. DL
is different from the traditional technique of AI as it has the capacity to automatically
grasp the characteristics of the unstructured data without any sort of human interaction or
interference. When there is enough data available, the extremely flexible DL
architectures facilitating studying systems to compute raw data directly and improve
study performance.
d. NLP(natural language processing) system based on norms with use of physical androids
have been playing a major part in the sphere of modern healthcare and medicine
especially used with advantages and power of the DL and ML algorithms. Statistical and
semantic approaches to NLP can be used to interpret unstructured clinical notes, create
explanation reports (for things like radiology and physical exams), record patient
encounters, and direct conversational AI.

Physical robots now work more closely with people to do some difficult surgical operations,
especially when they have been trained in artificial intelligence to enable understanding.
By taking human guiding classes, which ultimately increase patient trust. Gynecologic,
neurological, ENT, and prostate surgery are a few examples of robotic-assisted surgical
operations.

3. IMMERSIVE TECHNOLOGY

Immersive technology is something that can be used especially in neuroscience to for ensuring
distinct experience. There are many ways in which immersive technology is used in health care
A. VR- VR also known as virtual reality facilitates the construction of a digital surrounding
in which real word elements are dominant/suppressed

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 B. AR- AR or augmented reality facilitates the entry of digital elements into the real world
and physical and virtual components are viewed and observed
C. MR- MR or mixed reality can rendered as that type of immersive technology that
allows /establishes the medium of exchange between real and virtual components
D. XR- extended reality also referred as XR can be termed as an umbrella that includes all
forms of tech that change actuality (e.g., by introducing cyber aspects at any scale, in
order to. eliminating almost entirely the distinction between the physical and digital
worlds). AR, VR, MR, and other technologies are included under XR.
E. HOLOGRAPHY- hologram is another piece of technology which can provide with a 3D
or three dimensional image of various objects in detail
F. TELEPRESENCE- Telepresence is a form of remote controlled android that allows users
to interact, understand, sense and establish connections with a particular distant object
G. DIGITAL TWINS- Digital twins refer to Real-time data gathering, analysis, and response
from physical objects to necessitate a virtual replication of the actual project.

Immersive technology is extensively used to train upcoming health professionals , consisting of

complex multidimensional components. In general, any content that calls for in-person
simulation and interaction will be appropriate for this platform and is strongly advised.
Following is a small list of some instances of immersive technologies used in healthcare and
medical education:
• Using equipment: instructing with health equipment is expensive for students, trainees, and
engineers due to the cost and high demand, which ultimately raises the cost of patient diagnosis.
Making a digital twin of a medical module, device, or even an entire diagnosis system is a viable
way to achieve this, providing secure and affordable learning conditions.
• Patients' clinical deterioration: VR can be used to recreate some specific encounters in which
patients' clinical deterioration occurs over time. Patients can ask for a treatment plan and provide
clinical data to characterize their symptoms.

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 TECHNOLOGIES FACILITATING METAVERSE IN
HEALTHCARE-

1. EXTENDED REALITY- ER or extended reality consists of technologies such as AR, VR

and MR supported through AI, machine vision and through a connection of cell phone
devices. The delivery of services is changing thanks to new technology that incorporates
voice, gestures, motion tracking, vision, and hap tics. quality throughout different areas. In
the past, people believed that XR would only be advantageous to the entertainment sector.
It was anticipated that a consumer’s satisfaction of a video game or film would be
improved by an immersive experience. However XR has gone beyond pre determined
expectations and results providing applications not only in the field of medicine but also
in other sectors such as manufacturing, the advent of the Metaverse would only the boost
the evolution of XR. For a sensation of virtual presence in the Metaverse, VR and AR
technologies are merged. Through the Metaverse, virtual and immersive encounters can be
provided, as a result Users can navigate between various environments and carry out
actions akin to real and virtual spheres.

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased demand for XR in healthcare globally. The
increase in popularity of these XR devices has been aided by the demand for virtual
telemedicine and diagnosis. The Metaverse and XR have the potential to transform
healthcare. Real-world experiences can teach medical students more than a
traditional classroom ever could. But in the real world, even a tiny mistake could
have a significant impact on someone's life. here, XR apps in the Metaverse will
allow med interns to hone their skills in an identical-to-reality virtual 3D
environment. Surgeons' skill level will likewise be improved by this dynamic 3D
virtual environment in the Metaverse Surgeons can view body parts, lumps, X-rays,
and from a variety of angles using the Metaverse and XR.

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 While, carrying out the operations, without wavering in attention to the patient. The
efficiency and speed of therapy are increased by the use of 3D models of a patient's
body in the Metaverse (Ganapathy, 2022).

Doctors can advise on how to undertake resuscitation in the Metaverse based on the
stimulated environment using XR equipment in cases where an ordinary person is
required to do so (Thomason, 2021).

Physical therapy, speech therapy, and mental health therapy can all be provided to the
patient via the Metaverse using XR and remote-controlled equipment. Individual
health records are accessible and well-protected in the Metaverse, allowing clinicians
to view them utilizing XR technology and interact virtually with patients to provide
more accurate prescription recommendations.

Though XR can provide data in an efficient way when it comes to health care, it is still
vulnerable to data leak and way too expensive for setting up and implementation.

2. BLOCKCHAIN- Block chain technology came into existence in 2008. It is essentially a

digital data base that keeps track of affairs/transactions which are then scattered over the
entire network. Without Block chain, the idea of the Metaverse would be insufficient since
centralized data storage has several issues with security, privacy, and data transparency.
With the help of the block chain, the Metaverse will become a decentralized digital
resource that can function on any platform and at a global level. Without the assistance of
any centralized organization, users can access any digital place through the block chain-
based Metaverse. Block chain technology in the Metaverse will make it easier to collect
accurate and reliable data. Block chain will ensure the protection of data and information
from being adulterated by predators or hackers. Due to its over the top energy

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consumption demands and its complication its not suitable for medical centers and
healthcare units with a relatively smaller infrastructure.

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3. INTERNET OF THINGS- IOT means the millions of appliances or gadgets that are
connected to the internet and are interacting with other appliances to exchange
information, recently in the field of healthcare distant treatment is turning out to be not
only a real possibility but also being extensively used, based on data accumulated by the
IOT devices and projected in the Metaverse surrounding. This removes the need for
patients to travel to meet their healthcare providers or to gather important health
information, Surgeons will be able to carry out intricate treatments that would be
challenging to carry out with just human hands by inserting tiny Internet-connected nano
bots inside the human body and monitoring them in a virtual 3D environment made
possible by the Metaverse. The size of the incisions required for surgery can also be
decreased by deploying nano bots or small IOT devices in robotic procedures, boosting
rapid recovery and treatment of the patients. Metaverse and IOT together can also provide
the cure and treatment for chronic diseases as well

Despite having several benefits and applications IOT is still prone and vulnerable to non
compatibility with data protocols and standards in real time. Aggregating data would be a
complex job due to the different types of devices, making it further difficult for integration,
on top of that the expenses of this application would prove to be another obstacle in medical
domain (Wiederhold and Riva, 2022).
4. 3D MODELLING- 3D modeling refers to a procedure resulting in a projection based on a
arithmetic coordinates aided by 3D modeling approaches. 3D applications have been ever
existent especially in the fields of cinema, animation and gaming. In the healthcare sector,
3D modeling-enabled Metaverse can be used to produce interactive anatomical
representations of high-quality images. Patients can view medical aid products in 3D,
enabling them to buy the necessary tools. The 3D modeling capabilities of the Metaverse
can help clinicians comprehend a patient's ailment more thoroughly. These discoveries
will help doctors treat patients more effectively and give them better care. Medical
researchers may design artificial organs and assess their performance in various simulated
environments thanks to the Metaverse's 3D modeling capabilities.

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3 dimensional modeling helps the Metaverse in reaching its full potential; however it comes with
various obstacles in the changeover. This changeover needs to be aided by a large number of
equipment and man force. The Metaverse is a constantly expanding virtual world with no
restrictions on content or development, which presents an unending challenge for 3D modeling
methods. The accompanying 3D models must be dynamic because the objects created for the
Metaverse will be dynamic.

1.3 USE OF METAVERSE IN HEALTHCARE

1. MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS- medical diagnosis refers to determining the state of patients on
the basis of symptoms/indication. Application of Metaverse in the medicine domain can
not only boost the efficiency of diagnosis but also increase the efficiency of the whole
diagnosis process. The Metaverse can be used to make intelligent diagnoses because it
allows experts from the real and virtual worlds to assist medical professionals in
providing quality care and diagnosis by communicating with them and appearing
anywhere virtually. This allows for a treatment plan that adheres to the standards set by
the medical agencies. The microscopic analysis is where Block chain may have uses in
the medical field. Employing the Metaverse in diagnosis will significantly aid in the
improvement of the overall quality of all the other phases, as diagnosis is the essential
and fundamental process in identifying the type of treatment and medications to be
administered.

2. PATIENT EXAMINATION- The combination of digital twinning, block chain and

Telepresence will prove to be advantageous. If all three of these elements are engineered
to function well together, patient monitoring can be offered in an efficient manner.By
combining these technologies into one, the Metaverse offers a solution. CoViD-19 has
caused medical professionals to consider offering high-quality healthcare even when it is
provided remotely by giving medical advice followed by a voice or video conversation
with the patient.

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 The advent of Metaverse has proved beneficial not only the medical industry but can aid
monitoring the health status of a patient even he might be far away in some other corner
of the world. Metaverse can also provide the much needed interaction between the patient
and his loved ones an interaction which is very crucial considering the period of post
recovery and patient monitoring, in simple words providing the much needed boost in
morale. Not just that it can provide patients with opinions and advices of various health
experts, providing him a better access to efficient and effective ways of diagnosis and
monitoring

3. MEDICAL PRACTICE OR MEDICAL STUDIES-Introduction of Metaverse has proved

to great Feat with regard to the medicine industry. Block chain, artificial intelligence,
virtual reality and augmented reality are the pillars of Metaverse when it comes to
Healthcare. Thanks to Block chain it has been easy in recognizing the data based in BC
Metaverse.

The Metaverse is a digital virtual realm that transcends the confines of the physical
world by utilizing AI and block chain. These tools enable medical students to
concentrate during sessions, participate in discussions, converse in-depth, and
engage in activities with greater enjoyment—all while working in a busy clinical
setting. The introduction of 3 dimensional learning changed the way medicine was
studied, wherein students have virtual access to patients. VR can facilitate the
analysis of the human body in a proxy and risk free environment. In order to perform
the augmented reality surgeries, the doctors employ technology that comprises of a
headset with a see-through eye display that projected images of the patient's interior
anatomy, including bones and other tissue, based on CT scans, basically giving the
surgeons X-ray vision. VR provides patients with a 360 degree view when it comes
to surgery in the future, providing a better understanding of the process and having
the faith of the patients.

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 4. SURGERY/OPERATION- Surgery is another important aspect of the healthcare industry
that has seen a boost thanks to the advent of Metaverse. Currently medical practitioners
use VR to mimic the conditions of a real surgery making them ready when the time for a
real one. By providing surgeons with easy access to data, augmented reality can facilitate
more convenient surgery.

Using augmented reality, surgeons can access quick, simple, and

plotting 3dimensonal virtual models onto the victim/patient’s body enables remote access to
patient information. In the Metaverse, instructors and lecturers might demonstrate complex
procedures in three dimensions. Augmented reality can make it easier for surgeons to perform
surgery by providing them with easy access to data. By projecting 3D virtual representations
onto the patient, augmented reality can give surgeons quick, simple, and remote access to patient
info. In the Metaverse, instructors and lecturers might demonstrate complex procedures in three
dimensions. AR consists of a headgear that traces visual characteristics, AR has been successful
during maxillofacial bone surgery (Thomason, 2021).

1.4 FUTURE PROSPECTS IN THE FIELD-

1. HEALTHIFY- Healthify has commenced with a block chain prospect which grants
with steps to improve their mental and physical health. This can further the cause of
opening an E-gym and even website stores putting an end to boundaries and creating
a healthy world.

2. DEHEALTH- DEHEALTH is a BRITHISH enterprise that has developed extensions

of AR, VR and MR. DEHAELTH provides a digital platform to medical
professionals and their seekers to communicate, while providing doctors a way for
earning digital money for their expert advice/consultation.

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3. BUMP GALAXY- A Metaverse for mental health that was developed on Mine craft
is called Bump Galaxy. This concept utilizes a gaming environment to address
patients' mental health concerns. This "game world therapy" will aid patients in
overcoming trauma, despair, and anxiety as well as helping them feel safe and
supported by society.

Using this bottom-up approach, the deep hypnotic visualizations will help the
community build mental toughness and wellbeing.

4. ACCUVEIN- The vein visualization project Accu Vein, which will significantly
increase vascular access rate, will prove to be a revolutionary tool for doctors, brain
surgeons, and victims. After clinical treatments, this will improve annual savings
along with increasing the accuracy of the initial injection. Additionally,
patients/victims will no longer be concerned about bruises following the vein access
surgery, while to surgeons a vast and intricate network of blood arteries will be
visible. This project will undoubtedly improve the efficacy and security of treatments
in time-sensitive healthcare applications.

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 1.5 PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND FUTURE DECISIONS-

2. RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 SOURCES OF DATA- the project has been prepared by taking and reading research
papers across the web and also media articles, aiding in its completion.

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2.2 PRIMARY OR SECONDARY DATA- the project has been
completed with secondary data being the source. Basically, data which has been
obtained from the papers or sources of another researcher

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CONCLUSIONS-
METAVERSE if used correctly will change the world in a significant way in the upcoming
years. Now when we talk about change the medical field will be no different, we have seen the
various ways in which Metaverse is aiding healthcare along with the existing smart technologies
for the same. In my view technology should be used to facilitate the ease of doing things rather
than being a threat to replace the existing workforce. We live in a digital era where information
is the most lethal weapon to build something or to take something down and with the advent of
this Metaverse information at the speed of light has become a necessity. It is the same when it
comes to the medical domain, in this information is the crucial as it can cure acute or chronic
condition of patients, however we humans don’t have the efficiency of a machine though may
possess the procedural knowledge. Therefore the introduction of the Metaverse which is fuelled
by technology will not only lead to the accuracy of surgical procedures but also save more lives.
This technological should pose a solution rather than a threat to humanity being replaced, instead
if both work together the world can turn out to be a better place. Though the medical aids of
Metaverse may have some flaws but the mentioned improvements can change the way in which
medicine is studied and practiced around the world.

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REFERENCES-

Ganapathy, K. (2022) ‘Metaverse and healthcare: A clinician’s perspective’, Apollo Medicine,

19(4), pp. 256–261.

Thomason, J. (2021) ‘Metahealth-how will the metaverse change health care?’, Journal of
Metaverse, 1(1), pp. 13–16.

Wang, G. et al. (2022) ‘Development of metaverse for intelligent healthcare’, Nature Machine
Intelligence, pp. 1–8.

Wiederhold, B.K. and Riva, G. (2022) ‘Metaverse creates new opportunities in healthcare’,
Annu. Rev. Cybertherapy Telemed, 20, pp. 3–7.

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