ZNOTES.

ORG

UPDATED TO 2023-2025 SYLLABUS

CAIE IGCSE

COMPUTER SCIENCE
SUMMARIZED NOTES ON THE THEORY SYLLABUS
Prepared for Azka for personal use only.
CAIE IGCSE COMPUTER SCIENCE

Robotics is the branch of computer science that

1. Automated and Emerging combines robot design, construction and operation.
Isaac Asimov’s Laws of Robotics -
Technologies A robot may not injure a human through action or
inaction
A robot must obey orders given by humans unless it
1.1. Automated Systems comes into conflict with Law 1
a robot must protect itself unless this conflicts with
Automated Systems are a combination of software and
law 1.
hardware designed to function without human
Characteristics of a robot -
intervention.
Ability to sense their surroundings
Process of Automated Systems
Have a degree of movement
Sensors take inputs, and they are sent to the
Programmable
microprocessor. The data is usually analogue, so it
has to go through Analogue-to-Digital Converter NOTE - ROBOTS DO NOT POSSESS AI; THEY TEND TO DO
(ADC) REPETITIVE TASKS RATHER THAN REQUIRING HUMAN
The microprocessor processes the data and makes CHARACTERISTICS
the necessary decisions based on its program
The actions are then executed by the actuators Types of Robots -
(Motors, wheels and so on) Independent - Have no human intervention; they can
completely replace humans
Advantages and Disadvantages of Automated Systems Dependent - Needs human intervention through an
Advantages Disadvantages interface, can supplement but can’t completely
Expensive to set up and replace humans
Faster and Safer
maintain
Any changes can be identified Any computerised systems are Advantages and Disadvantages of Robots
quickly prone to attacks Advantages Disadvantages
Over-reliance on automated Robots can find it difficult to do
Robots can work 24/7
Less Expensive in the long run systems may cause humans to non-standard tasks
lose skills Robots can work in hazardous Robots can lead to higher
Higher Productivity and conditions unemployment
Efficiency They are less expensive in the Risk of deskilling as robots
long run replace humans in some task
You should be able to describe the advantages and They have high productivity Expensive to install and
disadvantages of an automated system used for a given and are more consistent maintain in the short run
scenario. Robots have the risk of getting
Including scenarios from: hacked.

industry
transport
1.3. Artificial Intelligence
agriculture
weather
gaming
lighting
science

1.2. Robotics

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2024 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Azka at APSIS on 27/10/24.
CAIE IGCSE COMPUTER SCIENCE

AI is the branch of computer science that simulates

intelligent human behaviour.
Types of AI -
Narrow AI - A machine has superior performance to a
human when doing one specific task
General AI - A machine is similar to a human when
doing one specific task
Strong AI - Machine has superior performance to a
human in many tasks
Characteristics of AI -
Collection of Data and Rules
Ability to Reason
Ability to learn and adapt

Types of AI

Expert System - AI that is developed to mimic human

knowledge and experiences. They are usually used for
answering questions using knowledge and inference.
They have many applications, including chatbots,
diagnosis in the medical industry, financial calculations
and so on

Advantages and Disadvantages of Expert Systems

Advantages Disadvantages
Setup and Maintenance costs
High level of Expertise
are very high
Can only rely on the information
High Accuracy and Consistent
in the system
Tend to give cold responses
High response times
sometimes

Machine Learning is a subset of AI in which machines

are trained to learn from past experiences.

Difference Between AI and Machine Learning

AI Machine Learning
Machines are trained to make
Representation of human
decisions without being
intelligence in machines
programmed to
The aim is to build machines The aim is to make machines
that think like humans learn through data acquisitions

WWW.ZNOTES.ORG Copyright © 2024 ZNotes Education & Foundation. All Rights Reserved. This document is
authorised for personal use only by Azka at APSIS on 27/10/24.
CAIE IGCSE
Computer Science

© ZNotes Education Ltd. & ZNotes Foundation 2024. All rights reserved.
This version was created by Azka on 07/10/24 for strictly personal use only.
These notes have been created by Shrey Agarwal and Reyansh Roy for the 2023-2025 syllabus.
The document contains images and excerpts of text from educational resources available on the internet and printed books.
If you are the owner of such media, test or visual, utilized in this document and do not accept its usage then we urge you to contact us
and we would immediately replace said media. No part of this document may be copied or re-uploaded to another website.
Under no conditions may this document be distributed under the name of false author(s) or sold for financial gain.
"ZNotes" and the ZNotes logo are trademarks of ZNotes Education Limited (registration UK00003478331).