Solution Manual for Dynamics of Structures, 4/E

Anil K. Chopra download

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-dynamics-of-
structures-4-e-anil-k-chopra/

Explore and download more test bank or solution manual

at testbankbell.com
We have selected some products that you may be interested in
Click the link to download now or visit testbankbell.com
for more options!.

Dynamics of Structures 5th Edition Chopra Solutions Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/dynamics-of-structures-5th-edition-
chopra-solutions-manual/

Solution Manual for Dynamics of Structures, 4/E 4th

Edition : 0132858037

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-dynamics-of-
structures-4-e-4th-edition-0132858037/

Solution Manual for Data Structures and Problem Solving

Using Java, 4/E 4th Edition : 0321541405

http://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-data-structures-
and-problem-solving-using-java-4-e-4th-edition-0321541405/

Test Bank for Organizational Behavior An Evidence Based

Approach, 12th Edition: Luthans

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-organizational-behavior-
an-evidence-based-approach-12th-edition-luthans/
Medical Surgical Nursing Care 4th Edition Burke Solutions
Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/medical-surgical-nursing-care-4th-
edition-burke-solutions-manual/

Quantum Mechanics 1st Edition McIntyre Solutions Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/quantum-mechanics-1st-edition-
mcintyre-solutions-manual/

Solutions Manual to accompany Laser Fundamentals 2nd

edition 9780521833455

http://testbankbell.com/product/solutions-manual-to-accompany-laser-
fundamentals-2nd-edition-9780521833455/

Test Bank for Psychology: Concepts and Applications, 4th

Edition: Jeffrey S. Nevid

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-psychology-concepts-and-
applications-4th-edition-jeffrey-s-nevid/

Psychology Concepts and Applications 4th Edition Nevid

Solutions Manual

http://testbankbell.com/product/psychology-concepts-and-
applications-4th-edition-nevid-solutions-manual/
Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 3rd Australian
Edition by Craft

http://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for-understanding-
pathophysiology-3rd-australian-edition-by-craft/
 Solution Manual for Dynamics of Structures, 4/E Anil K.
Chopra
Download full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-for-
dynamics-of-structures-4-e-anil-k-chopra/

Table of Contents
Foreword xxi
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxxi
PART I SINGLE-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS 1
1 Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution
Methods 3
1.1 Simple Structures 3
1.2 Single-Degree-of-Freedom System 7
1.3 ForceDisplacement Relation 8
1.4 Damping Force 12
1.5 Equation of Motion: External Force 14
1.6 MassSpringDamper System 19
1.7 Equation of Motion: Earthquake Excitation 23
1.8 Problem Statement and Element Forces 26
1.9 Combining Static and Dynamic Responses 28
1.10 Methods of Solution of the Differential Equation 28
1.11 Study of SDF Systems: Organization 33
Appendix 1: Stiffness Coefficients for a Flexural
Element 33
2 Free Vibration 39
2.1 Undamped Free Vibration 39
2.2 Viscously Damped Free Vibration 48
2.3 Energy in Free Vibration 56
2.4 Coulomb-Damped Free Vibration 57
3 Response to Harmonic and Periodic Excitations 65
Part A: Viscously Damped Systems: Basic Results 66
3.1 Harmonic Vibration of Undamped Systems 66
3.2 Harmonic Vibration with Viscous Damping 72
Part B: Viscously Damped Systems: Applications 85
3.3 Response to Vibration Generator 85
3.4 Natural Frequency and Damping from Harmonic
Tests 87
3.5 Force Transmission and Vibration Isolation 90
3.6 Response to Ground Motion and Vibration
Isolation 91
3.7 Vibration-Measuring Instruments 95
3.8 Energy Dissipated in Viscous Damping 99
3.9 Equivalent Viscous Damping 103
Part C: Systems with Nonviscous Damping 105
3.10 Harmonic Vibration with Rate-Independent
Damping 105
3.11 Harmonic Vibration with Coulomb Friction 109
Part D: Response to Periodic Excitation 113
3.12 Fourier Series Representation 114
3.13 Response to Periodic Force 114
Appendix 3: Four-Way Logarithmic Graph
Paper 118
4 Response to Arbitrary, Step, and Pulse Excitations 125
Part A: Response to Arbitrarily Time-Varying Forces 125
4.1 Response to Unit Impulse 126
4.2 Response to Arbitrary Force 127
Part B: Response to Step and Ramp Forces 129
4.3 Step Force 129
4.4 Ramp or Linearly Increasing Force 131
4.5 Step Force with Finite Rise Time 132
Part C: Response to Pulse Excitations 135
4.6 Solution Methods 135
4.7 Rectangular Pulse Force 137
4.8 Half-Cycle Sine Pulse Force 143
4.9 Symmetrical Triangular Pulse Force 148
4.10 Effects of Pulse Shape and Approximate Analysis for
Short Pulses 151
4.11 Effects of Viscous Damping 154
4.12 Response to Ground Motion 155
5 Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 165
5.1 Time-Stepping Methods 165
5.2 Methods Based on Interpolation of Excitation 167
5.3 Central Difference Method 171
5.4 Newmarks Method 174
5.5 Stability and Computational Error 180
5.6 Nonlinear Systems: Central Difference Method 183
5.7 Nonlinear Systems: Newmarks Method 183
6 Earthquake Response of Linear Systems 197
6.1 Earthquake Excitation 197
6.2 Equation of Motion 203
6.3 Response Quantities 204
6.4 Response History 205
6.5 Response Spectrum Concept 207
6.6 Deformation, Pseudo-velocity, and Pseudo-acceleration
Response Spectra 208
6.7 Peak Structural Response from the Response
Spectrum 217
6.8 Response Spectrum Characteristics 222
6.9 Elastic Design Spectrum 230
6.10 Comparison of Design and Response Spectra 239
6.11 Distinction between Design and Response
Spectra 241
6.12 Velocity and Acceleration Response Spectra 242
Appendix 6: El Centro, 1940 Ground Motion 246
7 Earthquake Response of Inelastic Systems 257
7.1 ForceDeformation Relations 258
7.2 Normalized Yield Strength, Yield Strength Reduction
Factor, and Ductility Factor 264
7.3 Equation of Motion and Controlling Parameters 265
7.4 Effects of Yielding 266
7.5 Response Spectrum for Yield Deformation and Yield
Strength 273
7.6 Yield Strength and Deformation from the Response
Spectrum 277
7.7 Yield StrengthDuctility Relation 277
7.8 Relative Effects of Yielding and Damping 279
7.9 Dissipated Energy 280
7.10 Supplemental Energy Dissipation Devices 283
7.11 Inelastic Design Spectrum 288
7.12 Applications of the Design Spectrum 295
7.13 Comparison of Design and Response
Spectra 301
8 Generalized Single-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 305
8.1 Generalized SDF Systems 305
8.2 Rigid-Body Assemblages 307
8.3 Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity 309
8.4 Lumped-Mass System: Shear Building 321
8.5 Natural Vibration Frequency by Rayleighs
Method 328
8.6 Selection of Shape Function 332
Appendix 8: Inertia Forces for Rigid Bodies 336
PART II MULTI-DEGREE-OF-FREEDOM SYSTEMS 343
9 Equations of Motion, Problem Statement, and Solution
Methods 345
9.1 Simple System: Two-Story Shear Building 345
9.2 General Approach for Linear Systems 350
9.3 Static Condensation 367
9.4 Planar or Symmetric-Plan Systems: Ground
Motion 370
9.5 One-Story Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings 375
9.6 Multistory Unsymmetric-Plan Buildings 381
9.7 Multiple Support Excitation 385
9.8 Inelastic Systems 390
9.9 Problem Statement 390
9.10 Element Forces 391
9.11 Methods for Solving the Equations of Motion:
Overview 391
10 Free Vibration 401
Part A: Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes 402
10.1 Systems without Damping 402
10.2 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes 404
10.3 Modal and Spectral Matrices 406
10.4 Orthogonality of Modes 407
10.5 Interpretation of Modal Orthogonality 408
10.6 Normalization of Modes 408
10.7 Modal Expansion of Displacements 418
Part B: Free Vibration Response 419
10.8 Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Undamped
Systems 419
10.9 Systems with Damping 422
10.10 Solution of Free Vibration Equations: Classically
Damped Systems 423
Part C: Computation of Vibration Properties 426
10.11 Solution Methods for the Eigenvalue Problem 426
10.12 Rayleighs Quotient 428
10.13 Inverse Vector Iteration Method 428
10.14 Vector Iteration with Shifts: Preferred Procedure 433
10.15 Transformation of kf = ?2mf to the Standard
Form 438
11 Damping in Structures 445
Part A: Experimental Data and Recommended Modal
Damping Ratios 445
11.1 Vibration Properties of Millikan Library Building 445
11.2 Estimating Modal Damping Ratios 450
Part B: Construction of Damping Matrix 452
11.3 Damping Matrix 452
11.4 Classical Damping Matrix 453
11.5 Nonclassical Damping Matrix 462
12 Dynamic Analysis and Response of Linear Systems 465
Part A: Two-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 465
12.1 Analysis of Two-DOF Systems without Damping 465
12.2 Vibration Absorber or Tuned Mass Damper 468
Part B: Modal Analysis 470
12.3 Modal Equations for Undamped Systems 470
12.4 Modal Equations for Damped Systems 473
12.5 Displacement Response 474
12.6 Element Forces 475
12.7 Modal Analysis: Summary 475
Part C: Modal Response Contributions 480
12.8 Modal Expansion of Excitation Vector
p(t) = sp(t) 480
12.9 Modal Analysis for p(t) = sp(t) 484
12.10 Modal Contribution Factors 485
12.11 Modal Responses and Required Number of Modes 487
Part D: Special Analysis Procedures 494
12.12 Static Correction Method 494
12.13 Mode Acceleration Superposition Method 497
12.14 Mode Acceleration Superposition Method: Arbitrary
Excitation 498
13 Earthquake Analysis of Linear Systems 511
Part A: Response History Analysis 512
13.1 Modal Analysis 512
13.2 Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan 518
13.3 Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan 537
13.4 Torsional Response of Symmetric-Plan Buildings 548
13.5 Response Analysis for Multiple Support
Excitation 552
13.6 Structural Idealization and Earthquake Response 558
Part B: Response Spectrum Analysis 559
13.7 Peak Response from Earthquake Response
Spectrum 559
13.8 Multistory Buildings with Symmetric Plan 564
13.9 Multistory Buildings with Unsymmetric Plan 576
13.10 A Response-Spectrum-Based Envelope for
Simultaneous Responses 584
13.11 Response to Multi-Component Ground
Motion 592
14 Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Linear Systems 613
Part A: Classically Damped Systems: Reformulation 614
14.1 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes 614
14.2 Free Vibration 615
14.3 Unit Impulse Response 616
14.4 Earthquake Response 617
Part B: Nonclassically Damped Systems 618
14.5 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes 618
14.6 Orthogonality of Modes 619
14.7 Free Vibration 623
14.8 Unit Impulse Response 628
14.9 Earthquake Response 632
14.10 Systems with Real-Valued Eigenvalues 634
14.11 Response Spectrum Analysis 642
14.12 Summary 643
Appendix 14: Derivations 644
15 Reduction of Degrees of Freedom 653
15.1 Kinematic Constraints 654
15.2 Mass Lumping in Selected DOFs 655
15.3 RayleighRitz Method 655
15.4 Selection of Ritz Vectors 659
15.5 Dynamic Analysis Using Ritz Vectors 664
16 Numerical Evaluation of Dynamic Response 669
16.1 Time-Stepping Methods 669
16.2 Linear Systems with Nonclassical Damping 671
16.3 Nonlinear Systems 677
17 Systems with Distributed Mass and Elasticity 693
17.1 Equation of Undamped Motion: Applied Forces 694
17.2 Equation of Undamped Motion: Support
Excitation 695
17.3 Natural Vibration Frequencies and Modes 696
17.4 Modal Orthogonality 703
17.5 Modal Analysis of Forced Dynamic Response 705
17.6 Earthquake Response History Analysis 712
17.7 Earthquake Response Spectrum Analysis 717
17.8 Difficulty in Analyzing Practical Systems 720
18 Introduction to the Finite Element Method 725
Part A: RayleighRitz Method 725
18.1 Formulation Using Conservation of Energy 725
18.2 Formulation Using Virtual Work 729
18.3 Disadvantages of RayleighRitz Method 731
Part B: Finite Element Method 731
18.4 Finite Element Approximation 731
18.5 Analysis Procedure 733
18.6 Element Degrees of Freedom and Interpolation
Functions 735
18.7 Element Stiffness Matrix 736
18.8 Element Mass Matrix 737
18.9 Element (Applied) Force Vector 739
18.10 Comparison of Finite Element and Exact
Solutions 743
18.11 Dynamic Analysis of Structural Continua 744
PART III EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION
OF MULTISTORY BUILDINGS 751
19 Earthquake Response of Linearly Elastic Buildings 753
19.1 Systems Analyzed, Design Spectrum, and Response
Quantities 753
19.2 Influence of T1 and Õ on Response 758
19.3 Modal Contribution Factors 759
19.4 Influence of T1 on Higher-Mode Response 761
19.5 Influence of Õ on Higher-Mode Response 764
19.6 Heightwise Variation of Higher-Mode Response 765
19.7 How Many Modes to Include 767
20 Earthquake Analysis and Response of Inelastic Buildings 771
Part A: Nonlinear Response History Analysis 772
20.1 Equations of Motion: Formulation and Solution 772
20.2 Computing Seismic Demands: Factors
To Be Considered 773
20.3 Story Drift Demands 777
20.4 Strength Demands for SDF and MDF Systems 783
Part B: Approximate Analysis Procedures 784
20.5 Motivation and Basic Concept 784
20.6 Uncoupled Modal Response History Analysis 786
20.7 Modal Pushover Analysis 793
20.8 Evaluation of Modal Pushover Analysis 798
20.9 Simplified Modal Pushover Analysis
for Practical Application 803
21 Earthquake Dynamics of Base-Isolated Buildings 805
21.1 Isolation Systems 805
21.2 Base-Isolated One-Story Buildings 808
21.3 Effectiveness of Base Isolation 814
21.4 Base-Isolated Multistory Buildings 818
21.5 Applications of Base Isolation 824
22 Structural Dynamics in Building Codes 831
Part A: Building Codes and Structural Dynamics 832
22.1 International Building Code (United States), 2009 832
22.2 National Building Code of Canada, 2010 835
22.3 Mexico Federal District Code, 2004 837
22.4 Eurocode 8, 2004 840
22.5 Structural Dynamics in Building Codes 842
Part B: Evaluation of Building Codes 848
22.6 Base Shear 848
22.7 Story Shears and Equivalent Static Forces 852
22.8 Overturning Moments 854
22.9 Concluding Remarks 857
23 Structural Dynamics in Building Evaluation Guidelines 859
23.1 Nonlinear Dynamic Procedure: Current Practice 860
23.2 SDF-System Estimate of Roof Displacement 861
23.3 Estimating Deformation of Inelastic SDF Systems 864
23.4 Nonlinear Static Procedures 870
23.5 Concluding Remarks 876
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 CHAPTER XXIII.

Retrospect—Meed of Praise.
t is hoped that the foregoing pages have thrown some light upon the peculiar occupation
of the pioneer woodsman as he is related to lumbering in the Northwest. There has
been no attempt to do more than to give a plain recital of some of the events that have
occurred in the experiences of one man while pioneering in this special field of the great
timber and lumbering industry of the Northwest. Another, engaged in the same pursuit, might easily
relate his personal experiences of equal or greater scope than have been herein portrayed, for not all
has been said that might be of the woodsman's secluded life.
The occupation of this type of man is fast being eliminated, and soon his place will be known no
more. In fact, the time has already arrived when there is no longer any primeval forest in the
Northwest into which he may enter and separate himself from others of his own race. Railroads have
been built in many directions into these vast forests, and the fine, stately pine trees have been cut
down and sent out over the lines of these railroads. Men and their families have come from various
states and from foreign countries, and are still coming to make for themselves homes on the lands
now denuded of their once majestic forest trees towering high, and overshadowing all the earth
beneath with their green branches and waving plumage.

"Prepare their fish just caught for the meal, by the open camp fire." (Page 180.)
The neigh of the horse, the low of the cow or the ox, and the laugh or song of the child is now
heard where twenty years ago in summer time, stalked fearlessly the moose and the deer, where
roamed the bear at will, unmolested, safe from the crack of the white man's rifle.
The schoolhouse springs into existence, where a year ago were stumps and trees. The faithful
teacher, fresh from one of the normal schools or colleges of the state, comes into the settlement to
train the minds and to help mould the characters of the future farmers, mechanics, statesmen, or
financiers; of the doctors, lawyers, judges; or honored wives and mothers. From this ever increasing
supply of the newly-born Northwest, are coming and will continue to come, some of the most valued
accretions of good citizens to the commonwealth of Minnesota.
Farms are yielding their first crops to the sturdy husbandman. Pleasant, comfortable homes meet the
eye of the tourist from the city in summer as he motors over the fairly good roads of the northern
frontier. He enters little towns carved out of the woods, and finds, now living happily, friends whom
he had known in the city, who are ready to welcome him. He camps by the roadside on the shore of
a lake, or on the bank of the Mississippi whose waters flowed on unobstructed in the earlier days
herein recorded, but now are harnessed for the better service of man. Here he brings his family and
friends to fish and to lunch, or, better still, to prepare their fish just caught for the meal, by the open
camp fire. He continues his journey through this unbroken wilderness of less than a generation ago,
over improving roads, to the very source of the Mississippi River that is within five minutes' walk of
Lake Itasca. Here is a refreshing bit of natural pine forest, owned and preserved by the state of
Minnesota, where he and his friends may find shelter for the night, and for a longer period if desired.
In concluding this subject, I am actuated by a desire to manifest my appreciation of the fine
manhood possessed by many men whom I have known, the best part of whose lives has been spent
similarly to my own, in the extensive forests that once beautified and adorned the great Northwest.
The occupation is one which demands many of the highest attributes of man. He must be skillful
enough as a surveyor to always know which description of land he is on, and where he is on that
description. He must be a good judge of timber, able to discern the difference between a sound tree
and a defective one, as well as to estimate closely the quantity and quality of lumber, reckoned in
feet, board measure, each tree will likely produce when sawed at the mill. He must examine the
contour of the country where the timber is, and make calculations how the timber is to be gotten
out, either by water or by rail, and estimate how much money per thousand feet it will cost, to bring
the logs to market. The value of the standing pine or other timber in the woods is dependent on all
of these conditions, which must be reckoned in arriving at an estimate of the desirability of each
tract of timber as an investment for himself, or for whomsoever he may represent.
Possessing these qualifications, he must also be honest; he must be industrious; he must be
courageous. He must gain the other side of rivers that have no bridges over them, and he must
cross lakes on which there are no boats. He must find shelter when he has no tent, and make
moccasins when his shoes are worn and no longer of service, and new ones are not to be obtained;
he must be indefatigable, for he will often be tempted to leave some work half finished rather than
overcome the physical obstacles that lay between him and the completion of his task.
On the character of this man and on his faithfulness, his honesty, his conscientiousness, and on the
correctness of his knowledge concerning the quality, quantity, and situation as to marketing the
timber he examines, depends the value of the investments. Hundreds of thousands of dollars are
invested on the word of this man, after he has disappeared into the wilderness and emerged with his
report of what he has seen. The requisitions of manhood for this work are of a very high degree,
and, when such a man is found, he is entitled to all of the esteem that is ever accorded to an
honest, faithful, conscientious cashier, banker, or administrator of a large estate.
 "He continues his journey ... to the very source of
the Mississippi River". (Page 180.)

Is he required to furnish an illustrious example to prove the worthiness of his chosen occupation, let
him cite to the inquirer the early manhood days of George Washington, who penetrated the forests
from his home in Virginia, traveling through a country where savages roamed, pushing his course
westward to the Ohio River in his search for valuable tracts of land for investment, and surveying
lands for others than himself.
His occupation is an honorable one, and those who pursue it with an honest purpose, are accorded a
high place in the esteem of those whom they serve, and with whom they associate.
 The Pines.
"We sleep in the sleep of ages, the bleak, barbarian pines;
The gray moss drapes us like sages, and closer we lock our lines,
And deeper we clutch through the gelid gloom where never a sunbeam shines.

Wind of the East, Wind of the West, wandering to and fro,

Chant your songs in our topmost boughs, that the sons of men may know
The peerless pine was the first to come, and the pine will be last to go!

We spring from the gloom of the canyon's womb; in the valley's lap we lie;
From the white foam-fringe, where the breakers cringe, to the peaks that tusk
the sky,
We climb, and we peer in the crag-locked mere that gleams like a golden eye.

Gain to the verge of the hog-back ridge where the vision ranges free;
Pines and pines and the shadow of pines as far as the eye can see;
A steadfast legion of stalwart knights in dominant empery.

Sun, moon and stars give answer; shall we not staunchly stand
Even as now, forever, wards of the wilder strand,
Sentinels of the stillness, lords of the last, lone land?"
 Transcriber's Notes
Inconsistencies in the placement of quotes before or after periods have not been changed.
Pp. 36, 123: "fiancé" changed to "fiancée".
P. 93: "empounding" changed to "impounding" (the necessity of impounding the waters).
P. 169: "sufciently" changed to "sufficiently" (I moved just sufficiently).
P. 181: "similarily" changed to "similarly" (similarly to my own).
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE PIONEER
WOODSMAN AS HE IS RELATED TO LUMBERING IN THE
NORTHWEST ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will
be renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S.

copyright law means that no one owns a United States copyright in
these works, so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it
in the United States without permission and without paying
copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the General Terms of
Use part of this license, apply to copying and distributing Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG™
concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered trademark,
and may not be used if you charge for an eBook, except by following
the terms of the trademark license, including paying royalties for use
of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If you do not charge anything
for copies of this eBook, complying with the trademark license is
very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose such as
creation of derivative works, reports, performances and research.
Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and given
away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States with
eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is subject
to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full
Project Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and

Redistributing Project Gutenberg™
electronic works
1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™
electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree
to and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all
the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or
destroy all copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your
possession. If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work and you do not agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund
from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in
paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be

used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people
who agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a
few things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic
works even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.
See paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you follow the terms of this
agreement and help preserve free future access to Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1.E below.
1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the
Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the
collection of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the
individual works in the collection are in the public domain in the
United States. If an individual work is unprotected by copyright law
in the United States and you are located in the United States, we do
not claim a right to prevent you from copying, distributing,
performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on the
work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™
mission of promoting free access to electronic works by freely
sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of
this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated
with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this
agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached
full Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge
with others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also
govern what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most
countries are in a constant state of change. If you are outside the
United States, check the laws of your country in addition to the
terms of this agreement before downloading, copying, displaying,
performing, distributing or creating derivative works based on this
work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work. The Foundation makes
no representations concerning the copyright status of any work in
any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other

immediate access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must
appear prominently whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™
work (any work on which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears,
or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg” is associated) is
accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or distributed:
 This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a
notice indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright
holder), the work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the
United States without paying any fees or charges. If you are
redistributing or providing access to a work with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you must
comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 through
1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms
will be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted
with the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning
of this work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project

Gutenberg™ License terms from this work, or any files containing a
part of this work or any other work associated with Project
Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1
with active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form,
including any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you
provide access to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work
in a format other than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in
the official version posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website
(www.gutenberg.org), you must, at no additional cost, fee or
expense to the user, provide a copy, a means of exporting a copy, or
a means of obtaining a copy upon request, of the work in its original
“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form. Any alternate format must
include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as specified in
paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,

performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works
unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing

access to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
provided that:

• You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive
from the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the
method you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The
fee is owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark,
but he has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty
payments must be paid within 60 days following each date on
which you prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your
periodic tax returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked
as such and sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation at the address specified in Section 4, “Information
 about donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who

notifies you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt
that s/he does not agree to the terms of the full Project
Gutenberg™ License. You must require such a user to return or
destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in
the electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90
days of receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of
the Project Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set
forth in Section 3 below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend

considerable effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe
and proofread works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating
the Project Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works, and the medium on which they may
be stored, may contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to,
incomplete, inaccurate or corrupt data, transcription errors, a
copyright or other intellectual property infringement, a defective or
damaged disk or other medium, a computer virus, or computer
codes that damage or cannot be read by your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for

the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3,
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim
all liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH
1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE TRADEMARK
OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL
NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT,
CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF
YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving
it, you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by
sending a written explanation to the person you received the work
from. If you received the work on a physical medium, you must
return the medium with your written explanation. The person or
entity that provided you with the defective work may elect to provide
a replacement copy in lieu of a refund. If you received the work
electronically, the person or entity providing it to you may choose to
give you a second opportunity to receive the work electronically in
lieu of a refund. If the second copy is also defective, you may
demand a refund in writing without further opportunities to fix the
problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied

warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted
by the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any
provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation,

the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation,
anyone providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in
accordance with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with
the production, promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, harmless from all liability, costs and expenses,
including legal fees, that arise directly or indirectly from any of the
following which you do or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or
any Project Gutenberg™ work, (b) alteration, modification, or
additions or deletions to any Project Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any
Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission

of Project Gutenberg™
Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of
electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of
computers including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.
It exists because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and
donations from people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s
goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will
remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a
secure and permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future
generations. To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation and how your efforts and donations can help,
see Sections 3 and 4 and the Foundation information page at
www.gutenberg.org.

Section 3. Information about the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit
501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
Revenue Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification
number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West,

Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up
to date contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website
and official page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to

the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation
Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without
widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can
be freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the
widest array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many
small donations ($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to
maintaining tax exempt status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and
keep up with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in
locations where we have not received written confirmation of
compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of
compliance for any particular state visit www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where

we have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no
prohibition against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in
such states who approach us with offers to donate.

International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make

any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of
other ways including checks, online payments and credit card
donations. To donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works
Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project
Gutenberg™ concept of a library of electronic works that could be
freely shared with anyone. For forty years, he produced and
distributed Project Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of
volunteer support.
Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed
editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in
the U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not
necessarily keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper
edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search
facility: www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™,

including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how
to subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
Welcome to our website – the perfect destination for book lovers and
knowledge seekers. We believe that every book holds a new world,
offering opportunities for learning, discovery, and personal growth.
That’s why we are dedicated to bringing you a diverse collection of
books, ranging from classic literature and specialized publications to
self-development guides and children's books.

More than just a book-buying platform, we strive to be a bridge

connecting you with timeless cultural and intellectual values. With an
elegant, user-friendly interface and a smart search system, you can
quickly find the books that best suit your interests. Additionally,
our special promotions and home delivery services help you save time
and fully enjoy the joy of reading.

Join us on a journey of knowledge exploration, passion nurturing, and

personal growth every day!

testbankbell.com