EVOLUTION

OF
PHOTOGRAPHY
Presented by: Moksh Goenka

Images from 2022

 01 What is Photography?

02 What is a Camera?

Table of
03 Properties of a camera

Evolution of Cameras and

Contents
04 Photos

05 Properties of a Photo

06 Photo Montage

07 Conclusion
What is Photography?
Photography is the technique of capturing an image – a
photograph – onto lightsensitive film or, for digital
photography, through a digital electronic or magnetic
memory.
The word photograph was coined in 1839 by Sir John Herschel
and is based on the Greek φῶς (phos), meaning "light", and
γραφή (graphê), meaning "drawing, writing", together meaning
"drawing with light".
What is a Camera?
A camera is an instrument that records light and converts it
into an image. It does this using a lens, which converges the
light onto a surface sensitive to light upon which a picture is
created. This might be film in traditional cameras or a sensor in
digital cameras.

The major components of a camera are the body, the lens, the
shutter, the aperture, and the image sensor. The body is where
everything is put together. The lens converges light onto the image
sensor. The shutter regulates the amount of light that enters the
sensor, and the aperture regulates the amount of light the lens
allows in.

Camera firmware, which is a type of software

programmed into the camera's hardware, controls all
the functions of the camera. This includes everything
from autofocus and exposure settings to image
processing and file storage. Firmware updates can
sometimes add new features or improve existing ones.
 Properties of a Camera

Aperture Shutter Speed

Aperture is one of the three sides of the Exposure Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like:
Triangle, along with shutter speed and ISO. It is It's the speed at which the shutter of the
the interaction of all three that determines the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a
exposure of an image. Aperture controls the shorter exposure — the amount of light the
amount of light entering through the lens. camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed
Shutter speed dictates the duration of light gives the photographer a longer exposure.
hitting the sensor.
 Properties of a Camera

Film Speed Color of Image

Film Speed is a measure of a film's sensitivity A color image represents multispectral data
to light. It is commonly referred to as the film's acquired through the visible domain. For
ISO rating, with the most common film speeds classical color images, this domain is
being ISO 400, ISO 200 and ISO 100. If one film
reduced to three channels, one for each
has double the ISO rating of another, that
primary color: red, green, and blue.
means that it is twice as sensitive to light, and
may be called a 'faster' film.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
Camera obscura Pre-17th century

The camera obscura (from the Latin for 'dark room')

is a natural optical phenomenon and precursor of the
photographic camera. It projects an inverted image
(flipped left to right and upside down) of a scene
from the other side of a screen or wall through a
small aperture onto a surface opposite the opening.
The earliest documented explanation of this principle
comes from Chinese philosopher Mozi (c. 470 – c. 391
BC), who correctly argued that the inversion of the
camera obscura image is a result of light traveling in
straight lines from its source.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
The First Photgraph 1816

The first partially successful photograph of a camera image was

made in approximately 1816 by Nicéphore Niépce, using a very
small camera of his own making and a piece of paper coated with
silver chloride, which darkened where it was exposed to light. No
means of removing the remaining unaffected silver chloride was
known to Niépce, so the photograph was not permanent, eventually
becoming entirely darkened by the overall exposure to light
necessary for viewing it. In the mid-1820s, Niépce used a wooden
box camera made by Parisian opticians Charles and Vincent
Chevalier, to experiment with photography on surfaces thinly
coated with Bitumen of Judea.The bitumen slowly hardened in the
brightest areas of the image. The unhardened bitumen was then
dissolved away. One of those photographs has survived.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
The Giroux
1839
daguerreotype camera

The first photographic camera developed for commercial

manufacture was a daguerreotype camera, built by Alphonse Giroux
in 1839. Giroux signed a contract with Daguerre and Isidore Niépce
to produce the cameras in France, with each device and accessories
costing 400 francs.The camera was a double-box design, with a
landscape lens fitted to the outer box, and a holder for a ground
glass focusing screen and image plate on the inner box. By sliding
the inner box, objects at various distances could be brought to as
sharp a focus as desired. After a satisfactory image had been
focused on the screen, the screen was replaced with a sensitized
plate. A knurled wheel controlled a copper flap in front of the lens,
which functioned as a shutter. The early daguerreotype cameras
required long exposure times, which in 1839 could be from 5 to 30
minutes.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
35 mm Camera 1913- 1932
Between 1905 and 1913, some manufacturers began
using 35 mm film for still photography, with early
cameras like the Tourist Multiple (1913) and Simplex
(1914) gaining popularity. Oskar Barnack, a researcher
at Leitz, developed the Ur-Leica prototype in 1913 to
create a portable camera using 35 mm film, but World
War I delayed progress. After the war, Leitz launched the
first commercial 35 mm camera, the Leica I, in 1925,
which became a success. Competitors like Contax (1932)
and Kodak with the Retina I (1934) soon followed,
solidifying 35 mm as the standard for high-quality
compact cameras.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
TLRs and SLRs 1928 - 1935
The development of reflex cameras took a major step
forward in 1928 with the introduction of the compact
Franke & Heidecke Rolleiflex, a twin-lens reflex (TLR) camera
that became widely popular due to its ease of use. In 1933,
the Ihagee Exakta marked a shift in single-lens reflex (SLR)
design by being more compact and using 127 roll film, while
the 1936 Kine Exakta was the first Western SLR to use 35
mm film. Although the Soviet "Sport" camera was technically
the first 35 mm SLR, it used a different film cartridge. After
World War II, the 35 mm SLR surged in popularity, with key
innovations like the eye-level viewfinder, introduced in 1947
on the Hungarian Duflex, making cameras easier to use and
setting the stage for modern designs.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
Instant Cameras 1949 - 1965
While conventional cameras were becoming more
refined and sophisticated, an entirely new type of
camera appeared on the market in 1949. This was
the Polaroid Model 95, the world's first viable
instant-picture camera. Known as a Land Camera
after its inventor, of 1965, was a huge success and
remains one of the top-selling cameras of all time.
Evolution of Camera and
Photos
Digital Cameras 1975 - 2025
Digital cameras differ from their analog
predecessors primarily in that they do not use film,
but capture and save photographs on digital
memory cards or internal storage instead. Their low
operating costs have relegated chemical cameras to
niche markets. Digital cameras now include
wireless communication capabilities (for example
Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) to transfer, print, or share
photos, and are commonly found on mobile
phones.
Properties of a Photo
The distance from the center of the lens to the
The default resolution taken on a
Camera Name image focal point (=image sensor surface) is
camera with 12 megapixels, which is is
known as the focal length. It is expressed in
4032 pixels wide and 3024 pixels high
millimeter (mm) units.
High Efficiency
Image File Format
(HEIF) is a digital
container format
Storage of Photo for storing
individual digital
images and image
sequences.

A megapixel (typically ISO Sensitivity is a standard set The aperture is the

abbreviated as MP) is a by the International opening in the lens that
unit equal to roughly Organization for allows light to enter the
Standardization (ISO) that camera and onto the
one million pixels, used represents sensitivity to light
to measure to the as a numerical value. A higher sensor or film. The size of
resolution of an image, number indicates a higher this opening can be
video or camera sensor. sensitivity and a greater ability adjusted by changing the
to capture light. aperture settings.
Photo Montage

Photomontage is the process and the result of

making a composite photograph by cutting,
gluing, rearranging and overlapping two or more
photographs into a new image. Sometimes the
resulting composite image is photographed so
that the final image may appear as a seamless
physical print.
Thank
You!