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CAPS Grade 11 LO Self Study Notes

Life Orientation (Harold Cressy High School)

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LIFE ORIENTATION
Grade 11 Learner Guide

This Learner Guide is to be returned to the

school at the end of the academic year.

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The Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) has

repackaged the National Curriculum Statement (NCS) to improve its
implementation. As a result of the repackaging, content changes and
realignment may have occurred for some subjects.

This Learner Guide intends to assist the Grade 11 learner’s

comprehension of identified challenging content areas. Please note
that the Guide is NOT an examination guide, and it therefore does
not provide the scope for the examination. The guide also does not
replace the textbook, and neither does it substitute the meaningful
interaction between the teacher and the pupil in the classroom. It
can only be an additional value-adding resource where the afore-
mentioned already exist.

Copyright © 2013 Limpopo Province Department of Education

113 Biccard Street

Polokwane
0700

© All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealings for the purpose of
research, criticism and review as permitted under the Copyright Act,
no part of this guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, without the permission of the Limpopo Province
Department of Education.

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Contents

Term 1....................................................................................................................................................1
Development of Self in society: Weeks 1-3.......................................................................................1
Career and Career choices: Weeks 4-6..............................................................................................6
Democracy and Human Rights: Weeks 7-10................................................................................11
Term 2..................................................................................................................................................19
Weeks 1- 4........................................................................................................................................19
Social and environmental responsibility: Week 5-7.........................................................................26
Term 3..................................................................................................................................................35
Development of self in society: Week 1- 5......................................................................................35
Careers and career choices: Week 1- 5.............................................................................................43
Term 4..................................................................................................................................................62
Development of self in society: Week 1- 3......................................................................................62
Democracy and human rights: Week 4-6.........................................................................................69
Learner File of CASS Evidence.......................................................................................................72
SUMMARY OF LEARNER’S MARK...........................................................................................73
DECLARATION OF OWNERSHIP OF WORK DONE IN THIS PORTFOLIO..........................74
TASK 1: WRITTEN TASK.............................................................................................................75
4 Ways Social Media Is Changing Your Relationships......................................................76
FORMAT FOR Task 2 AND TASK 4:............................................................................................89
FORMAT: Total marks [80]......................................................................................................90
Task 3: Project..................................................................................................................................90
Task 5: PET......................................................................................................................................96

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Term 1

Development of Self in society: Weeks 1-3

Plan and achieve life goals: apply various life skills as evidence of ability.

Types of goals:

GOAL SETTING

What are goals?

It is the result that you envision; plan and commit to achieve. Goals are the things we
want to achieve in life. It is our plans and aims. They are different from dreams and
wishes in that we can take active steps to achieve goals. We can turn our wish into
a goal.
When we have goals we know where we are going. Goals are important because
they help you to take charge of your life and make decisions.

Steps in planning and goal setting:

Reaching goals involves planning:

R
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 Sometimes it might be necessary to revise a goal as circumstances and other

goals change. Don’t see this as failure: it’s a victory because you had the
insight to realist that the goal needed changing.

Problem solving skills:

 These are skills that can help you to get around problems and continue on
your journey to you big goal. You learn problem solving skills; you are not
born with it.

Plan: make
plans for
what you
want to
achieve

Act: If your
plans dont Do: set your
work, plans into
improve ac琀椀n
your plans

Check:
Make sure
your plans
work

Perseverance and persistence:

Goals take hard word, perseverance and persistence.

Perseverance: When you carry on, even if it seems that it your hard work is not
paying off.
Persistence: You keep on without stopping.
You can achieve your goals if you make sure they are SMART

You must set SMART goals.

S SPECIFIC What do I want to achieve? You must say exactly what you
want to achieve.
Who is involved?/What do I need to be able to do this.
M MEASURABLE You must be able to measure if your make progress and
achieve
A ACIEVABLE What do I need to achieve it? Money, skills, abilities

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R REALISTIC or You must be able to achieve it and must be willing to work

RELEVANT towards achieving the goals.
T TIME BASED You must set a time limit to achieve your goals

Important life goals and prioritising family, marriage, parenting, career choice
and relationships.
 It is important to prioritise your goals so that you have a balance between the
important goals in your life and the less important things in your life.
 Later in your life it will be important to decide whether your career or your
family is the most important for you
 You priorities will change in the different stages of your life.

Relationships and their influence on own well-being: different types with

different people/groups and their changing nature.
 It is very important to know yourself and what you want from life. Your
attitude towards life and society is based on your personal values.
 Examples of personal values are:

believe to
believe to respect
being others
honest is
best
believe you
must
contribute to
society not
just take

Personal values

 Values will determine your choices. E.g. if you believe that it is important to
protect the environment, you will respect it and choose to recycle.
 It is the principals you think are important in life. It helps you to make decisions
on how you want to live your life.
 You values will influence the decisions you make.
 It will influence the kind of goals you set in your life. Your values will shape your
mission statement.

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 Things that will influence your values are your environment, your school,
important people in your life etc.
 Values help you to choose what is important to you- it helps you to set your
priorities.

Relationships and their influence on own well- being” different types with
different people. Groups and their changing nature.

Throughout our lives we depend on relationships for well-being. It you have good
relationship with members of your family and friends and colleagues you feel happy
and confident. When there is conflict in any of these relationships it can affect your
well-being and also threaten your ability to form new relationships.
Life changes and with every change, relationships change as well. Some develop
fast as life opens new opportunities. Others develop slow and steadily. Some
people are forced to change quickly because of unexpected events in their lives.

Natural developments that change Unexpected events that change

relationships relationships
 Moving to another area  Accidents
 Meeting new people  Job loss
 Health changes  Losing money
 New interest  Violent crime
 Getting older  War
 Earning money  Death of a family member
 Death of a close friend
 Separation and divorce

Your family is where you for your first relationships and where you are going to see
the greatest changes in your relationships.
Your parents and family are aware of the changes you are going through. They
need time to get used to the new you. Take time to talk to your family. Your family
prepares you for the world. You learn the importance of sharing and accepting
responsibilities and the need for order and routine. You absorb attitudes, values and
ways of behaviour form your family. As you grow older and form new relationships
you can decide which attitudes and values you want to keep and what you want to
change.

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Skills and qualities which make good relationships

Able to
work in Communicate
team accep琀椀n
Suppor琀椀ve
g others

Mutual
sympathe琀椀c
respect

Caring good listenrer

Skills and quali琀椀es

not expec琀椀ng others
Unsel昀椀sh which make good to think like you
rela琀椀onships

Rights and responsibilities in relationships

Being human means that you have unique abilities and qualities. And because
everything is interconnected you are in powerful position. You will decide how you
choose to relate to yourself and to others, this will create the world you live in. You
have rights in your relationships to be respected, but with you will also have the
responsibility to act with respect to others.

Social and cultural views that influence and affect relationships.

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You are in a relationship with your culture and the environment. This will influence
how you will view certain things. Social and cultural view will determine how you
relate to some people.

Impact of media on values and beliefs about relationship

 The media often urges us to put our values and beliefs about relationships to one
side and focus on buying into their advertising. Sometimes it makes us unhappy
with ourselves, and then promises us that we will feel better and have better
relationships if we buy what they are selling. It is important to remember that we
are good enough as we are, and that our relationships are based on values such
as respect and equality, and not what we own or how we look on the surface.

 Social media such as Facebook, Mxit and Twitter are great ways of connecting
with people. They problem is that they make it too easy to share too much
information about yourself and your life. This could put you at risk, because
privacy being violated and can be dangerous. Online friends could betray your
trust publically.

Career and Career choices: Weeks 4-6

Requirements for admission to additional and higher education courses:

When you pass grade 12, your marks will determine whether you can study for
higher certificate, a diploma or a degree. What are the requirements for each of
these types of study?

GRADE 12 PASS REQUIRMENTS FOR CERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA AND DEGREE

STUDIES
Higher certificate  This is the most basic qualification that you can do after
school.
 Certificate focuses on basic knowledge and skills in
occupations and vocational fields such as early
childhood, building and construction, business
administration and tourism and hospitality.
 Admission requirements for the study for higher
certificate:
 7 subjects- pass of 30% in each
 1 subject must be the language of learning and

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teaching at the higher education institution

 Different institutions require additional combinations of
subjects and levels of achievements.
Diploma  You study a diploma if you want focussed knowledge
and practical skills in a career field. The minimum
admission requirements for a diploma is:
 30% in the language of learning and teaching at the
institution of learning
 A pass in four 20 credit subjects of 40-49%
 Any other additional requirements of the institution

Bachelor’s Learners who want to study for a degree focus their studies on
the knowledge and skills required for a specific career field.
The minimum admission requirements are:
 30% in the language of learning of the teaching at the
higher education institution
 A pass in 4 of the 20 credit subjects of 50-59%
 Any other institutional requirements

Understand this very important difference!!!!

NB! The pass requirement for NSC for a Home language is 40%
The access requirements of an institution of learning pass requirements are 30% for
the language of learning of the institution.
What is the difference? You need to get 40% in the Home language to get a NSC or
grade 12 certificate, but you need 30% in the language that you get your lectures in
at the college or university. So if you want to go to Tukkies in Pretoria or
Stellenbosch in the Western Cape, you will need 30% for Afrikaans to be able to get
access. If Sepedi is you Home Language and you want to go to University of
Johannesburg you need to get 30% for English as your first additional language,
because lectures will be in English.

Evaluate additional and higher education options

 Admission Score Points for institutions of higher learning and
admission requirements for specific programmes/courses.
 Before you can study at a higher education institution you need to calculate
your Admission Points Score (APS)
 You need to convert your percentage pass marks for grade 12 into points.
 If you meet the admission requirements, you qualify to apply for the
course. You not have access to the course; it only means that they will
allow you to complete an application.
 Spaces at universities are limited, so you need the best possible marks to
increase your chances of being admitted.

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Activity: Homework
Work out your own APS score:
Achievement level NSC percentage Points
7 90-100% 8
80-89% 7
6 70-79% 6
5 60-69% 5
4 50-59% 4
3 40-49% 3
2 30-39% 2
1 0-29% 1

Your subjects:
Your subjects NCS percentage Points
Home Language
FAL
Mathematics/Maths lit
Life Orientation
Subject 1
Subject 2
Subject 3
Subject 4

Admission requirements for specific programmes/courses:

In addition to the APS score, some higher education institutions require you to do
specific subjects at school as a basis for admission. For example, if you want to
become a doctor, you must do Life Sciences, Mathematics and Physical science.
Some institutions expect you to write a selection test on top of the APS score.

National Benchmarks TEST (NBT)

These tests were designed to measure students’ levels of proficiency in Academic Literacy,
Quantitative Literacy and Mathematics. There are two tests of three hours each. The first
test is the Academic and Quantitative Literacy test (AQL), which is written by all applicants
for all programmes in Health Sciences. The second test is the Mathematics test, which is
also known

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as the Cognitive Academic Mathematical Proficiency (CAMP) test. This is to

be written by all applicants doing or who have done Mathematics (not Mathematical
Literacy). The test results will be used in addition to the Matric results and other
admission criteria. (This is a standard test for all medical schools in South Africa.
You are required to write one test only, irrespective of the number of medical schools
you have applied to. A fee is charged for the test.)

You will be able to write this test in a town close to your home or a university close to
your home. For further information about the placement test venues, visit the website
www.nbt.ac.za and register online. You will also be able to register with your cell
phone at www.nbt.ac.za/mobile. Most universities require you to write this test on the
same day and most universities will only use first- attempt results for selection
purposes. The cost to write the NBT test will differ from university to university, but it
costs around R200 for both tests.

Options for financial assistance:

Bursaries
You quality for a bursary if you perform well at school and do not have the money to study further
Companies select students to study int the areas with skills shortages, such a a s accoun琀椀ng, engineering etc.

Study loans
A bank or company lends your money
You have to pay back the money or work for the company

Scholarships
Some companies may give you scholarship if you do very well at school in your studies. Your results need
to be above average

SETA's Sector Educa琀椀on and Training Authori琀椀es

They o昀昀er bursaries to study in areas with scarce skills

Learnerships: It is a learning programme that gives you an occupa琀椀onal quali昀椀ca琀椀ons when you have
completed the programme successfully. You study work and earn money at the same 琀椀me.

The Learnership Programme:

A learnership is a learning programme where the learner spends some time learning
theory and some time learning practical skills in the workplace.
A learnership should lead to a qualification registered on the NQF. Learnerships in
different fields are controlled by SETA (the Sector Education and Training
Authority)
What are your financial options?
Bursaries or scholarship These are awarded to students who
excel in a particular field and wish to

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pursue a career in that area. Sports

bursaries to top performing sports people
Merit award These may be given based on your
school results or at the end of a year of
study when you have maintained an
excellent set of result.
Financial aid Financial assistance may be given after a
detailed personal financial analysis is
done that shows your parents are not
able to pay for your studies
Study loans Applying at a bank for a study loan. This
will have to be paid back over time as
requires you and your family to have a
full financial assessment and often a
medical examination
Parents/guardian If you are fortunate enough to have
someone who will pay for your studies.
Working as student Working as a student to pay for your
studies
Many students work part time in the
evening and over weekends to help pay
for their studies.
Working for a company A company you work for can finance your
studies. Many companies give bursaries
to students and assist them with their
payments. In return the students work
for them on a contract basis
NSFAS: National Student Financial Aid SA’s only public student loan scheme
Scheme which helps academically deserving and
financial needy students

Obligations in terms of financial arrangements:

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Bursaries, student loans and scholarships come with certain financial obligations.
You will be expected to repay or work back time for the financial support you got
from the institution, regardless of whether you complete or pass your course. It is
very important to check the conditions of the contract that you will sign with your
sponsor for financial aid. Make sure of the terms and conditions for example if they
will require you to work back a number of years for the company who sponsor your,
or what the repayments of the bank loan will be.

Democracy and Human Rights: Weeks 7-10

Principals, processes and procedures for democratic participation: public

participation and petition process, governance and the law-making process,
Rule of Law, transparency, representation and accountability.

What is Democratic participation?

The rights and dignity

of every ci琀椀zen is Sepera琀椀on of
respected. All are powers of the
equal in the eyes of the government
law
Ci琀椀zens vote
Elec琀椀ve
and elect others
representa琀椀ves
to represent
are answerable
them in
to the public
government

Decisions and
SOUTH AFRICA:
the resons for
We have a
representa琀椀ve
DEMOCRACY them are not
secret:
democracy
Transparency

Democratic structures: National ,provincial ,local government and community

structures, traditional authorities and political parties, interest groups, business,
public participation and petition process

We have 3 levels of government-national, provincial and local

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NATIONAL GOVERNMENT
Parliament Cabinet Courts
National Assembly President Constitutional Court
National Council of Ministers Courts of Law
Provinces
Members are elected by Members are chosen by Members are the judges
citizens of the country the president from the and magistrates
They make laws representatives in They make sure
parliament everybody obeys the laws
They implement the laws

Provincial government Local government Traditional authorities

The function of the Local governments consist The constitution
provincial government is to out of municipalities which recognizes the authority of
deal with issues of its deal with local issues such traditional leaders and
province such as roads, as electricity, water, refuse their rights to apply
transport, dedication, collections, traffic, town customary law. The laws
health services planning, and fire services. may not conflict the
The provincial government Constitution
is lead by the premier.
The provincial legislature
make laws for the
province, but it cannot be
against national laws or
the Constitution

Governance: What is Governance? Governance it what a government does. Good

governance is when a government develops and implements fair, honest and
transparent systems.

Rule of Law: What is Rule of Law? The Rule of law says that no one is above the
laws of a country. The country is governed according to the Constitution and laws of
the country and not according to the decisions made by individual leaders.

The highest court in the land is the Constitutional Court. The Magistrates Courts,
High Courts and Supreme Court of Appeal are responsible for judging what should
be done to people who have broken the law.

Transparency and accountability: What is accountability? It is when citizens make

sure government do not abuse its power and that it governs in everyone’s interest.
In a democracy the elected officials are accountable to those who voted for them.

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Public participation and petition process: See task 1 Activity in learners file of
evidence.

Public
Protector

Electoral Auditor
Commission General

Structures
that will
protect you

Independent
Human Rights
Broadcas琀椀ng
Commission
Authority

Commission for Gender

Equality

Local community structures: non-governmental, community based and faith

based organisations and representative council of learners.

Non Governmental organisations: NGOs: they are organisations that don’t get
any financial support from the government for the work they do. They don’t have
political affiliation or agenda. They aim to guide and supports people such as bind,
aids orphans etc.

Community based organisations: This is an organisation who aims to uplift the

community or support a disadvantaged group in a community.

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Faith based organisations: Some religious groups or churches also have

organisations that support members or their congregations or community.

Representative council of learners: The South African Schools Act makes the
Representative Council of Learners compulsory for every public school that has
learners from Grade 8 upwards.

See Activity Task 1 in learner guide.

Principals and functions of structures in addressing the interest of civil

society and how structures changes: constitutions, elections, representation
of constituencies, mandates, lobbying advocacy and the running of meetings.

All communities and countries need rules stipulating how they should be governed.
This is exactly what a constitution does. A constitution describes:
 How the government is to be elected
 What powers are
 What rights, freedoms and duties citizens have.

South Africa is a constitutional democracy because it governed according to

theconstitution.

Very important
content and
explanations
below:

Elections:

The constitution says that an election must be held every five years. The people
who are able to vote are called the electorate. If the majority of the people are not
happy with the government, they will be able to vote it out of power. The party that
wins the election will become the majority party and the new government.
To be able to be part of the electorate you must be:
 A south African citizen
 Over 18 years
 Qualify to vote in terms of South African law.

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Representation of constituencies:

The areas or districts the country is divided into for

election purposes are called constituencies. A
representative is elected to serve the constituency.

Mandates:
Mandates: If a representative wants to implement policies, he or she needs
a mandate from the constituency. A mandate is to have the support from the
electorate to make decisions or to do something specific. The political
party will tell the people in its election campaign what they want to do.

Lobbying

This is the practice of influencing and

convincing others to support you viewpoint. A
person will take a stand against an issue such as
rhino poaching

Advocacy:

It is the verbal support for a cause or position

It is the person who will do advocacy for a cause

Running of meetings:

Politicians need to make decisions they run meetings to get other people opinion. You
need the knowledge of meeting and meeting procedure to run the meetings effectively
The Constitution gives you a guarantee18 that you can make your own political choice
without intimidation, threats or violence. In a real democracy you need more than one
party. You need an opposition to challenge the government policies.
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Processes whereby civil society can participation in the structures and well as
in the governance and law-making process of the country.

How can ordinary people get involved?

 Once you are 16 you can register as a voter. You can vote in an election
when you are 18 years old.
 Attending meetings: You can attend your local council meetings and everyone
has the right to visit parliament and attend sessions of the National assembly
 You can make your voice know.
 Keeping informed. Keep informed by reading different newspapers and listen
to the radio and television.

Role of sport in nation building: participation and spectator behaviour in sport

Incidence of particular behaviour and what triggers certain behaviour

South Africans celebrated when Bafana Bafana scored the first goal in the opening
match of the FIFA World Cup in South Africa in 2010. Then, ten minutes before the
final whistle, the nation was devastated when Mexico scored the equaliser to draw
the match. Siphiwe Tshabalala became a national hero when he scored the first
goal. From that moment, and after the 1–1 draw against Mexico, South Africans of all
races and cultures were united behind their team – and even more so when they
beat France 2–1,despite most people’s expectations that they would lose.

This patriotism followed months of division over the country’s chances of hosting the
FIFA World Cup successfully and negative attitudes of millions of South Africans
about Bafana Bafana’s ability to win a single game.

Exposure to positive behaviour programmes

South Africa has produced good sportsmen and sportswomen who have inspired
fellow South Africans through their hard work and dedication to their team or their
national colours.
You should feel the same spirit of unity and show the same level of support when
your school team competes against another school, whether it wins or loses. You

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should be proud when one of your school’s learners gets chosen for a regional or
provincial team.

Impact of behaviour on participants, spectators, teams, opposition,

community, society and nation at large
A recent survey by the Wall Street Journal found that cheating in sports and in
business is increasing. Even if this is true, it is no excuse to cheat. Honesty in
sport builds character.

Suppose you accidentally touch the soccer ball in front of the goal with your
hand and you score a goal, but the referee did not see the touch. Do you tell
the referee that the ball hit your hand? Or do you keep quiet and celebrate
with your teammates?

Explore impacts of behaviour :

Hansie Cronjé was captain of the South African national cricket team in the 1990s.
As a very successful batsman and captain, he was a national sporting hero for
millions of South Africans of all colours and cultures. However, in April 2000 he
confessed to match-fixing. He was secretly paid large amounts of money by
bookmakers (or betting agents) to ‘fix’ the outcome of cricket matches, or the
scores of the team or of individual players. Some of Cronjé’s teammates, such as
Herschelle Gibbs, were also involved and received a shorter suspension and fines in
the King Commission of Inquiry into the matter. Let’s see what impact the Hansie
Cronjé scandal had on everyone, from his fellow players to the South African nation.
There were mostly negative effects from the Hansie Cronje scandal, but also positive
ones.

Extract from Headstart Grade

11/Oxford

How sport can support nation building.

The Springboks won the Rugby World Cup in 1995 in an important and fragile time in
South Africa’s history. It was only a year after the first democratic election in South
Africa. Many people were still coming to terms with the new democracy and the
political changes that it brought.

When a country’s teams or sportspeople are victorious, its citizens are united as
supporters and as a nation. But often, when athletes or teams lose, or when they win
controversially, racial bias and prejudice comes to the surface easily. When Caster
Semenya won gold in the 800 m World Championship race in 2009, celebrations
over her victory turned sour when it became

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public that she was asked to have a gender test. The unprofessional handling of the
Semenya case turned a positive event into a negative one with political overtones. It
divided many South African supporters along racial line .

Extract from Headstart Grade 11/Oxford

Term 2

Weeks 1- 4

Study styles and skills.

Applying own study skills, styles and study strategies:

Organising

Memory
Concentration
Study
skills

Understanding
Reading

Study skills: examine how learning takes place and reflect on effectiveness:

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When you were born your brain had all its nerves and cells and neurons, but not all
of them were connected to each other. As you learn they become connected as you
learn and messages travel from one neuron to another. The more active your brain
is, the stronger the connections become .

Learning shapes your brain. The neurons that are used regularly grow stronger.
This means your brain will never stop thinking. Learning, remembering and exploring
unless you stop using it.

The more you learn, the better you will be at learning

Learning new things needs repetition.

How effective is your learning?

Some learners struggle to study. The reason is not that the work is difficult, but they
are not using the right study skills.

Assignment: Evaluate you own study skills and style, identify you mistakes.
Design your own action plan to improve your skills and methods by using the table
below..

List of 10 common mistakes learners make and see how to improve your own
mistakes

Mistake How to improve

Organising:  Break down the work in smaller units that you can
 Do not know where to start handle at a time
 Too much to learn  Manage smaller part at a time and tick off each page or
part you complete to motivate yourself
Planning:  Start immediately and work every day, do not wait for
 Study all night before the the end of the year.
exam .....but too late, you are
not ready
Comprehension/Understanding:  Look at previous question papers and see how many
 I do not understand what is questions appear on a topic
important and what to leave out  Look at the headings in you textbook
 Ask your teacher to indicate what is important or not
 Check the number of compulsory questions you will
have to answer on a topic and how many marks it will
count.
Concentration:  Give yourself short breaks after 20 minutes of studying.

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 Day dream a lot  Break down the work in small portions and reward
yourself with a break when completed
Reading:/Memory  Try to link what you know with what you read
 Read but cannot remember.....  Make summaries of what you read
 Say the summaries aloud and imagine that you are
teaching somebody else the content
 Repeat the same portion after you complete the section
Reading:  Make sure you get enough sleep
 Fall asleep when you read  Limit your time you spend with friends, your phone and
in front of the TV.
 Draw mind maps
 Ask yourself questions as you study
 Underline the most important words/key words
Memory:  Test yourself
 Don’t feel sure that I will  Give written answers for questions
remember
Concentration:  Ask yourself if you are really tired or is it because the
 Feel tired and want to sleep work is over whelming?
when I must study  Take regular small breaks, drink water

Organisation:  Think about your goals and what you want to achieve in
 I just can motivate myself to life. Your education is your gateway to success.
study it is boring and a waste of Remind yourself that hard work is part of the road to
time success and exams are part of it
 See yourself achieving success
 Think of yourself as successful person

Study styles and methods:

- Study styles as preferred way of approaching tasks:

In a soccer match each player has a different role and style. Some are defenders
and others are goal keepers, goal scores, strikes etc. Like soccer players we have
different styles when we learn. We all reach the end differently. Understanding you
study style/method is the key to your success.

You might find that you use different study styles for different subjects.

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Making
notes

Study
Mind Essay
methods
mapping writting
/strategy

Learning
concepts

Activity:

1. Make list of your subjects and identify the study style you use most in each
subject

Type of style Characteristics Tools to learning

You learn when you see a Diagrams
Visual learning picture, diagram or Pictures
explanation Mind Maps/timelines/

Verbal learning You learn is there is a Listening to teacher

spoken or written Reading the textbook
engagement Writing down what you
read
Speaking to yourself when
you study
Active learning When you do something Note making
like applying your Making mind maps
knowledge to solve a Past test and exam papers
problem Practical exercise
Reflective learning You think through things Anything that will let you
after they have been earn the principals or
taught absorb the content of the
lesson afterwards

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Study styles as preferred way of approaching tasks

Study strategy as a way to approach a specific task in the light of perceived

demands.
What do we mean with strategy? Strategy is the way you will do something. You
will identify the things you are best in and things you are not good in. You will
choose the best way to learn by choosing the right strategy.

Study strategy is the way in which you apply your skills and styles in different
situations to achieve your goals.

How you study

group or alone?

Study
strategy

Examination writing skills and process of assessment

 Time management skills and annual study plan

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 During the normal school day:

Make 琀椀me
for Keep summaries
Study for
excersice to revise at hand
40-60 minutes and sport when you are
and take a wai琀椀ng in line or
break at taxi
Priori琀椀se
Study the your work
most you need to
di昀케cult study
work 昀椀rst

Iden琀椀fy your
Priori琀椀se
best 琀椀me to
assignments
study

During exam writing

 You can end up spending too much time on one question and leaving another
question too little time.
 The best way to tackle time management is to divide your total time by the
number of questions you have.
 You can tackle the problem by dividing your total exam time into percentages.
 Example: You have a two hour paper (120 minutes) that will count 100 marks.

Sections Persentage Calculation Time

Questions
Question 1 30 marks 30% x120 36 minutes
minutes
Question 2 20 marks 20%x 120 24 minutes
minutes
Question 3 50 marks 50% ?
Total 100 marks 120 minutes

The following are Common mistakes

made by learners in exam
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The learners:
 Do not read the instructions carefully
 Do not check whether they must answer all
the questions or do have a choice
 Do not read all the questions before starting
to answer
 Do not answer the easiest questions first
 Do not plan your time
 Do not leave space between answers
 Do not write your name on all pages of
answer sheet
 Do not check how many marks each of the
answers carries
 Do not write neat and litigable
 Do not leave time at end to go over all
answers
 Do not check if you have answered al the
questions

How to answer different types of exam questions:

TIPS FOR ANSWERING QUESTION:
 Multiple choice:
 Try to answer the question before you look at the answer
 Eliminate the wrong answers
 If it is a long sentence, underline the key words and verbs.
 Break the question into smaller parts

 True and false:

 If part of the statement is true and part is false, then the answer is
false, unless there are words such as usually or sometimes.
 Words like:” all, none, always or never” generally makes a
statement false.

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 When a statement is given negatively, state the item without the no,
never or not and see if it is true or false. If now the statement reads
true, mark it as false.

 Matching items question:

 Start with the easiest matches first
 Cross out matches as you use them
 Choose the alternative that is closest to the truth if you can’t make a
perfect match.

 Completion and short answer question:

 Read the question carefully to make sure what it says
 Answer only what the question is asking for

 Case study questions

 Read each question carefully to find out exactly what is being
asked.
 Plan your answer before you write it
 Answer the questions in the order presented, as the information
often builds from one to the next.
 Support your answer with evidence
 Decide what is relevant and what is less relevant or important.

Homework Activity: Annual study plan:

Complete the following table:
Subject Due dates Test Exam date Study  Goals
for tasks dates dates and achieved
times
English
Home
Lang
Maths Every day
5-6 am
LO Task 1: / 6 June
27/3 12
September
Subject 5

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Subject 6
Subject 7 Important content for
exam and extended
writing!
Social and environmental responsibility: Week 5-7

 What are the environmental issues that cause ill-health?

The use of harmful substances in food production:

Substance How it is used How cause ill health

Antibiotics Given to animals to  Will get into milk and meat of
prevent diseases animal
 You can absorb antibiotics
Given to animals to grow when eating meat and milk
faster  When you are sic your body will
show resistance against other
antibiotics
Plastics/ metal Polystyrene/plastic/use  When you recycle plastic you
cans and paper to package food and cause pollution
packets drinks like eggs, cups  They release chemicals that are
and bottles harmful to your health
Food additives Chemicals are used to  Some people are allergic to
preserve food and give it some additives and can have
colour and flavour severe reactions such as
asthma attacks
Pesticides Chemicals used to kill  Pesticides are stored in body fat
insects and weeds and can make people ill.
 Can get into drinking water.

Inhumane farming methods: Where?

On farm During transport In sale yards Abattoir

 Animals are  Overcrowded  Keep them in  Badly operating
kept in small onto vehicle and pens with not machinery for
cages they suffocate enough food, slaughtering
 Animals are  Long journey at water and chickens
over worked on back of vehicle space  Inefficient
farm  Beating and tail methods of
 Animals must cutting causes cutting animals
carry too heavy stress and pain throats can
carts to animals causes them
 Not given fear, pain and
enough food stress

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 No shelter or
not enough
space

NB!
- Impact of de
Content for exam

Degradation on society and the environment: environmental hazards such as

soil erosion, pollution, radiation, floods, fires, damage caused by wind and
loss of open space or lack of infrastructure

Environmental hazards:
Danger to the environment
Can not prevent them e.g droughts,
volcanic eruptions, lightning

Deforestation:
Cutting down or burning all the treas in
area

Green house gasses: any gases that make the

earth heat up such as carbon dioxide, methane,
etc.

Environmental degradation and hazards:

Examples of environmental Examples of environmental hazards

degradation
 Soil erosion:  Radiation
 Air pollution  Fire

 Land pollution  Floods

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 Water pollution:  Lack of infrastructure

 Noise pollution  Loss of open space

 Soil erosion: This happens when the fertile top layer of soil is removed and
plants cannot grow.
Cause of soil erosion: Topsoil is removed by wind, water, overstocking with
animals and overcrowding by people.
 Impact of soil erosion: When there is not enough topsoil to allow plants to
grow and not enough dead plant material covering the soil to replenish the
topsoil, flooding and drought happen. Farming becomes difficult and food
becomes more expensive. Soil erosion can cause ill health because less
healthy food can be grown for people to eat. It can also cause ill health
because as the soil is washed away it can might fill dams and reservoirs with
mud and contaminate or dirty the drinking water.

 Pollution: What is pollution? Pollution is dumping substances or

disturbances into the environment that harm living organism, including people
We will experience health problems like wheezing, coughing, shortness of
breath, blocked runny nose, sinusitis.

 Air pollution: Sources of air pollution are burning of rubbish; industrial

processes and motor vehicle that release waste gases and very small
particles into the air. It cause ill health such as asthma, bronchitis and lung
diseases.

 Water pollution: Sources of water pollution are industrial and mining waste,
sewage and domestic waste that are released into groundwater and rivers. If
farmers use too many fertilisers and too much manure, these substances get
into the water and poison it. People who drink the water will become ill.

 Noise pollution: Sources of noise pollution are aircrafts, railways, resident

building close to industrial buildings.

 Light pollution: Sources of light pollution are artificial lights that alter natural
levels of light and darkness enough to disrupt ecosystems. It includes street,
security and advertising display lighting and floodlighting of buildings and
sport stadiums.

 Land pollution: Sources of land pollution are dumping of mining industrial and
domestic waste. Rubbish dumps can threaten the health of people because
rubbish decays. This decay encourages household pests and germs. If

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rubbish is burn it can add to air pollution. Mining also poisons water so that
you cannot drink it or use if for irrigation.

 Environmental hazards:

 Radiation: We are all exposed to radiation every day. Most radiation is

natural and harmless. However radiation, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation
from the sun, can cause skin cancer and cataracts. Some pollutants such as
chlorofluorocarbs (CFC’s
Which are used in fridges or aerosol cans or to make plastics can damage the
ozone layer, which is the layer of the atmosphere that protects your from the
harmful rays of the sun.

Radiation from cell phones or cell phone masts can be harmful.

Floods as environmental hazard: Floods happen when:

 There is a lot of rain or it rains for long times. The water does not drain
away and water levels rise
 Storms make the sea level rise.
 Dams burst or rivers burst their banks.

Effects of floods on society:

 Wash away trees plants and crops
 Bury everything in mud
 Cause sinkholes
 Damage gas or electricity supplies
 Destroys homes
 Drown people and animals
 Contaminate water so that it is not safe to drink
 Cause sewage to overflow inside ;your home and on the streets.

Fires as environmental hazard:

 Natural fires are hazards, and degradation makes the effects of fires
worse. Alien trees usually burn at much hotter temperatures than fires in
indigenous vegetations. The result is that natural vegetation cannot
recover as well as it would if only indigenous tress, gasses and plants had
burned
 Fireworks and lightning are another example of fires that are hazards to
the environment. Fires that started at this way can burn down houses
and crops which means people don’t have anywhere to live or food to eat.
It can also damage the electricity supply
 Another way fires can start is by damaged electrical cords, overloading of
plugs, cooking oil catching alight or children playing with matchers.

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Environmental hazard: Lack of open space and lack of infrastructure.

 People who live in or near towns and cities take over large areas of land that
could be used for growing crops and grazing cattle. They cut down trees that
produce oxygen and that use the carbodioxides that cause climate change.
 The infrastructure of towns and cities cannot cope with all the people. Due to
a lack of houses people build temporary shelters that aqre not strong or do
not keep out the rain
 The sewerage system cannot cope with all the extra waste. Then sewage
gets into the water and makes it unfit to drink
 As there is no electricity people make coal and wood fires, which causes
pollution.
 Rubbish is not collected. Instead, it is dumped in open spaces where it is left
to rot and burn. Rubbish attracts pest and rats and causes diseases.

What is the meaning of the depletion of resources such as fishing stocks,

firewood and land?
Depletion of resources such as fish and trees means that they are used faster than
they can breed or grow. This can have a affect on people’s health and on their
ability to earn money.

Overfishing: Many people depend on the ocean for food security and ways to earn
a living. Overfishing is catching so many adult fish in the sea or in dams that not
enough remain to bread. They will get fewer and fewer until there is nothing to catch
any more.
Harmful effect on environment and people:
 Whole species or types of fish can disappear
 People who eat mostly fish won’t have enough food and they will suffer from
malnutrition
 People who rely on fishing to earn a living will not have a job.

Firewood: Many people rely on firewood for heating and cooking. Some people sell
firewood to earn money. If trees are cut down or collected for firewood it will have
the following harmful effect on the environment and people:
 Some trees could become extinct
 No trees will exist to bind the soil which leads to soil erosion or floods
 People will not have fu(wood for fire) el to cook or to keep them warm
 No shade to keep people and animals cool
 Alien plants will take over land
 No food for animals to eat and birds to live in
 Increase in global warming and climate change as trees absorb carbon
dioxide.

Land: Depletion of land can come as result of:

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 Farmers planting the same crop in same piece of land, year after year. The crop
takes all the goodness out of the land until eventually no more crops can grow.
 Cattle are allowed to eat all the grass, which leads to soil erosion
 Land is used to build buildings, houses and factories.
 Mining activities pollute the land and nothing will grow on it.

Dealing with environmental factors that cause ill-health on a personal level:

attitudes, safety and first aid skills and coping with disasters.
Attitudes:
 You cannot always control things that happen, but you can change your
attitude and the way you feel. It is not easy for most people to stay positive in
the middle of a bad situation.
 Think positively and do not ignore the situation
 Be hopeful
 Try to do your best under the circumstance
 Do not pity yourself and see yourself as victim
 Take action
 First aid skills: Apply basic first aid skills.

 Coping with disaster: The best way you can do is to prepare for and deal
with a disaster

 Identify hazards and risks in your are example: storms, flooding, fires.

 Now emergency numbers for the fire brigade, hospitals and ambulance that is
closest to you

 Do not build a house in an unsafe place

 Keep a bucket of sand next to your door so that any small fire can be put out.

 Gain knowledge of basic firs aid skills

 Build houses far apart to prevent the spread of fires and to allow emergency
vehicle into the area.

Homework:

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You are a person who has lived a long life. Write a letter to your grandchildren and
tell them how you have cared for the environment. Tell them how you hope they will
care for the environment. 100-150 words.

 Climate change: causes, impact on development, mitigation and adaptation

 What is climate change?

It is when the usual weather patterns of a given region begin to change. It
includes things like changes in temperature, wind patterns and rainfall.

 Causes of climate change?

Increase in greenhouse gasses: The most common greenhouse gases are
water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. Burning of fossil fuel and
clearing of forests has increase the amount of greenhouse gasses in the
atmosphere this cause more solar radiation being trapped which in turn has lead
to the earth's surface warming up.

 What is the impact on development?

 Changing rainfall patters, river flows, lake levels are causing some areas to
experience droughts, while other areas are experiencing floods
 Lower crop production because of increased temperature and means
lower food security
 Fish resources are becoming depleted and degraded.
 Increase in diseases like malaria
 Less water and poorer quality of water means a spread of disease
 More storms, droughts, floods, heat waves and extreme events adding
stress on water, food and shelter
 More people are being affected by natural disasters
 Desertification is increasing
 Species of plants and animals are becoming extinct.
 People on coast are being affected by rising in sea level.

 Mitigation and adaptation

What is mitigation? When we slow the pace of global warming even in

small ways. We reduce our carbon footprint by using less things that
produce carbon dioxide. If you reduce, reuse and recycle are three ways
we can help to limit the greenhouse gases that human activity produces

What is adaptation? When we find ways to cope with climate changes

that global warming causes it is called adaptation.

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 Areas in SA that are mostly affected is the dry notrthwestern area.

They can adapt by growing and using crops and indigenous plants
that survive best in dry or desert conditions and reducing
agricultural activities to depend on water.
 Flood prone and coastal areas can adapt by building barriers and
drainage systems to reduce flooding.
 All areas that can expect more frequent floods, droughts wildfires
and damaging winds can adapt by having disaster management
and relief es.
Reduce:
Reuse:
Use of electricity : switch of lights
and electrical appliance when we are When we buy new things we dont
not using them. really need is wasteful.
Make use of public transport, walk or Manufacturing and selling new things
produces more greenhouse gasses
cycle etc.
Save momen and

Recycle:
Paper, plas琀椀c, cardboard,
alumininium cans, metall etc are all
usefull, even when we dont need it
anymore. Recycle them and help to
save the planet.

 Participation in a community service that addresses a contemporary

environmental issue indicating how this harms certain sectors of society
more than others.

Life Orientation is about making a difference in the word. Possible places to get
involved in:

 Food production: Volunteer to work in the schools garden

 SPCA: become a volunteer with an animal protection agency like SPCA
 Restore indigenous vegetation and depleted soil.
 Take a fist aid course
 Help to start an environmental education centre at your school.
Remember some communities are affected more than others. For example poor
rural communities are most directly affected by droughts or not having enough water.
These communities are depending on natural resources such as rivers, trees and
land for grazing and crops. Do your share for your community.

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Term 3

Development of self in society: Week 1- 5

 Healthy and balanced lifestyle choices:

Characteristics of a healthy and balanced lifestyle: physical, psychological,

social, emotional and spiritual facts:

Living a healthy and balanced lifestyle means to live your life to the fullest. It means
you take responsibility for smart health and lifestyle decisions, and actions.

A healthy balanced lifestyle means that there is balance, harmony or evenness

between these aspects of your life.

Physical: You
are physically
Spiritual: You 昀椀t and healthy
follow the
spiritual, Psychological:
religious or You avoid
belief system risksy
that have behabiour and
chosen. You Healthy apply you life
follow the balanced skills
rules of your lifestyle
religion

Emo琀椀onal: You
are able to Social: You have good
explore, express rela琀椀onships.
and control you
emo琀椀ons.

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Factors that impact negatively on lifestyle choices:

 Accidents types:
Accidents caused by lack How /why they happen Prevent the accidents by:
of knowledge and skills.
 Fires Leaving open fires  Use paraffin and gas
unattended or use paraffin equipment correct.
 Drowning or gas appliances incorrect  Learn to swim. Learn
 Poisoning from food Swimming in areas you about currents
don’t know  Read food labels
Learn what you can eat or
what your can be allergic to.
Read labels of food packets
 Work accidents Know how to use the  Use safety clothing
equipment and learn how to use
them
Accidents caused by
unsafe attitudes and
behaviours:
You did not plan to drink  Don’t drink and drive
 Drunken driving but friends convinced you  Don’t do drugs or
 Drug overdose Your drink get spiked. hang out with people
who use them. Only
go with friends you
trust
Accidents caused by
unsafe environments and
emotional factors
Small children that are not  Cover pools and
 House fires attended to. fence dams.
 Shooting Shots go off accidently  Lock guns away and
 Drowning Small children not attended keep them pointing
 Lightning too away from people
 Mugging and attacking Outside when lightning or  Keep cover when
storm storms outside
Walking in unsafe places or  Do not walk alone or
alone speak to strangers
Accidents caused by
emotions
Do not use condoms  Always use condoms
 Pregnancy because you are in love even if you think you
 Car accidents Drive when you are will marry him
emotional or upset  Do not drive if you
cannot keep 100%

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attention on road.
NB content for extended
writing and application
questions!!

 Risky behaviour and situations:

Risky behaviour and situations are not like accident, because you have control
over your own behaviour and you can avoid unsafe situations. Risky behaviour
like substance abuse affects your personal safety and has a negative impact on
your lifestyle choices.

Example of risky behaviour Negative impact on lifestyle choices

Personal safety:
 Giving out personal information on  You endanger yourself and your
Facebook family and you might be frightened
 Giving your password or phone  You might be psychologically scare or
number to strangers financially ruined
 Walking home at night alone in  You get raped, attacked and
dangerous area physically or emotionally damaged
Road use:
 Being distracted by cell phones  You can cause traffic accidents that
 Listening to music while crossing road can lead to accidents, injury or death.
 Not wearing seat belts  You can have your licence taken
 Driving without a licence away.
 Driving with somebody without a
licence
 Riding in stolen car
Substance abuse:
 Drinking alcohol  You can harm your brain and body
 Smoking Permanently
 Talking or experimenting with drugs  You could end up with criminal record
 Take stimulants to enhance your  You could end up in jail
performance in sport  You could lose your job or be
 Selling drugs expelled.

Sexual behaviour:
 Sleeping with different partners  You lose respect for yourself
 Sleeping with older men for financial  Get a bad reputation
gain  Get diseases
Pregnancy:
 Planned or unplanned pregnancy  You are not emotionally ready
 Your are not financially ready
 You end your own future.

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Teenage suicides:
 Drinking poison  You can be damaged permanently if
 Hanging yourself you do not succeed
 Shooting yourself  You can affect those left behind badly
 Experimenting with suicide methods  It can be against your religion
Hygiene and dietary behaviour:
 Not washing your hands  Catch or spread diseases
 Starving or crash dieting  Permanent damage to metabolism
 Overeating  Obesity, diabetes can be results
STI’s/ HIV and AIDS
 Not using condoms  Become sterile or infertile
 Not going to clinic to get treatment  Easier to get HIV
Peer pressure
 Lead to risky behaviour like  Harm yourself by giving in to friends
substance abuse, smoking, bunking needs and problems
school, steeling, cullying

 Socio-economic environment: how it affect your lifestyle

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Factors that impact positively on lifestyle choices:

A support system is essential for you to make positive lifestyle choices. There are
many factors that contribute to this support system: positive role models, religion;
belief systems; media ; social and cultural influences and economic conditions

 What are positive role models? It is persons who can inspire and motivate you
to make healthy and useful lifestyle choices.

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Parents:
model good
behaviour
support and
encourage
warn against alcohol
Peers:
Culture: use
they help your
Sets rules for
they listen to
belonging,
you
rituals and
stong social they don't
links cri琀椀size you

Factors that impact

posi琀椀vely on
lifestyle choice

Economic
Media:
condi琀椀ons:
Help you make
If it is favourble
informed
you have be琀琀er
choices and
care and fewer
decisions
risks.
Values, belief
system and
religion:
It will guide you
in making right
choices

Impact of unsafe practices on self and others: physical, emotional, spiritual,

social, economic, political and environmental

Always ask yourself what the effect of unsafe actions or behaviour

will be?

Physical: You Emotional: You

drive over have killed
somebody and kill somebody?
them?

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Social: Get
punished and go to
jail?
Environmenta
l:
Petrol from
accident went
Economic:
Cost of
injury/accident?

Political: Spiritual: You may

Taxpayer’s feel guilty and too
money must ashamed to attend
pay for your religious meetings?
Angry with God?

Individual responsibility for making informed decisions and choices: coping

with and overcoming barriers regarding behaviour and seeking support,
advice and assistance

During the day we make decisions and choices all the time: what to wear, what to
watch on TV or what to do over weekend, whom to go with or not to go with. Some
decisions have more serious consequences and implications than others. Deciding
whether to have sex for the first time or to use drugs and alcohol, are more important
than deciding what to wear.

You need to take responsibility for making decisions. You must make sure your
decisions are well informed and reasonable and don’t harm others.

What barriers do teenagers experience when seeking support and advice or

assistance?

o Lack of acceptance or recognition that they have a problem

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o Feat attitudes and opinions of others

o Fear safety of others e.g when involved in criminal activities.
o Lack resources due to social economic reasons
o Believe adults do not understand their problem
o Believe there is no answer to problem

How do we overcome barriers to seeking advice, support tan assistance?

Seeking help is not a sign of weakness. It shows that you have recognised a
problem and see the need for help.
o Ask somebody you trust to tell your family if you are to scared
o Think about how your actions affect your life and the lives of others
o Phone a helpline if you do not want to speak to someone you know.
o Get help from a support group
o Think of the relief once you got a solution for your problem.

 Role of nutrition in health and physical activities:

To be healthy you need to follow a nutritious, balance diet and get regular; physical
exercise. Physically active teenagers need a balance diet, which includes a variety
of foods.
o Manage your weight by getting regular exercise
o Eat nutritious foods
o Don’t starve yourself
o Drink enough water

Careers and career choices: Week 1- 5

Competencies, abilities and ethics that will assist in securing a job and developing a
career

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Studying advertisements, writing an application letter and completing application forms

When you read job advertisement, you will find abbreviations and words that are not part of you
everyday language. Let’s look at how to read advertisements and understand what they are telling you.

You will learn to understand the qualifications and personal qualities that you need to work in a fie
Some examples of advertisements

Advertisement 1:

Office of the director general

Directorates: Governance

Senior Secretary Grade 11 ( Ref. 1145/07)

Salary: 120 000 per annum

Requirements: A grade 12 (matric) certificates or equivalent qualification and two years relevant practic
experience. General secretarial functions. Knowledge of MS Office software (Word, Excel and Powe
point) and Internet Explorer. Ability to communicate effectively in English (verbal and written). Analytic
and innovative thinking as well as problem-solving skills. High level of reliability and ability to act wit
discretion.

Duties: Record and keep track of all submissions and correspondence. File and handle memos for th
Director. Arrange meetings for Director. Manage the Director’s diary. Arrange meetings and workshop
and provide support.

Interested applicants should deliver their applications with comprehensive CV to the General Manage
Human Resources Services, Thabo Mbeki street, and Polokwane. Applications must be accompanie
by certified copies of ID and qualifications. Closing date: 18 June 2013.

The department of Justice is an equal opportunity employer.

Advertisement 2

Bookkeeper: Excellent opportunity for bookkeeper in CBD/R 130 000 p/a neg.
Min. 2 years exp.
Well-known company offering opportunity for young, innovative bookkeeper.

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Candidate must be computer literate. Proficiency in Pastel Accounting and Payroll Systems ess.

CVV and short covering letter can be e-mailed to: [email protected]

Closing date for applications: 23 June 2013.

Advertisement 3:

Temp shop assistant job at Grocery Store in Mall of the North for December school holidays.

Only honest, hard-working, dedicated teenager should apply.

Working hours:

Saturdays 07:00-19:00
Sundays: 8:30-13:00

Job description: Pack shelves and clean store room. Bring trolleys back from parking area, help clien
who need help or product information. Clean staff toilet. Mop and clean shop’s floor at closing time
daily

Wage: R 20 per hour

All applicants should submit a CV before 30 January to the shop manager

Homework activity

Study the 3 advertisements above and

answer the questions about job advertisements:

a. Can men and women of all races apply for the bookkeeper position in Advertisement 2? Motivate you
answer

b. Vusi does not have experience in payroll systems. Can he apply for the job in advertisement 2
Motivate your answer.

c. What is the meaning of ‘equal opportunity employer’ in advertisement 1?

d. Thabo would like the job as bookkeeper, but e is not happy with the salary they offer. Should he st

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apply? Motivate your answer

e. What qualifications do you need for Advertisement 3?

f. What benefits will the temporary job in Advertisement 3 have for your, aside from the money you w
make during the holiday?

See answers on next page

Homework activity:

Look for a job advertisement in your field of interest and paste it in the space provided.
Analyse the advertisement and complete the following

Worksheet: Advertisement

Paste your advertisement here

Complete the following from your advertisement

 Title of the job in your advertisement

 Salary that will be paid

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 Qualifications needed

 Experience needed

 Skills needed

 Description of specific duties

 Is there a specific application form that

needs to be completed

 Closing date of the application

 Except for salary identify 2 things that

attract you to this job.

How well did you understand? Answers to homework questions on previous page
a. Yes/ reason
Possible answer: No indication that this is Equity post or Equal Opportunity Company or that preferenc
will be given to a specific group. (2)
b. No/the advertisement indicates that proficiency is essential. He must have more than experience; h
must be very good or advanced in the program (2)
c. That all members of society will have an equal opportunity when applying for the job, but that thos
coming from previously disadvantage background and women will have an advance opportunity whe
applying. This is to comply with government policy. It does not mean that others can not apply; it on
means that those candidates will have an advantag
(2)
d. Yes, the advertisement says that the salary can be negotiated; this is only the starting salar
(2)
e. No qualifications, only skills e.g. hard working, dedicated etc. (2)
f. He will gain the following:
 Gain experience in the work place
 Gain skills and knowledge of the operation of a shop
 Gain skills and knowledge of available products
 Gain skills and knowledge of how to work with clients
 Will have a reference he can refer his next employer to
 Show that he do have the right work ethics and can be trusted, this employer can give him
testimonial
 Any other suitable answer (2x1)

g. sal neg.- salary negotiable

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min qual- minimum qualifications

pref. – preference will be given (3) (15)

Writing an application letter:

The application letter is also called a covering letter. It goes with your CV when you apply for a job.
should not be longer than a page and should be in a formal format as the example below shows. You
application for a bursary or financial assistance will have the same format. The purpose of a cover lette
is:
 to highlight your background and experience;
 say why you are the best person for the job;
 sell your skills;
 show your experience;
 prove that you are worth interviewing.

Homework:

Study the following 2 letters and answer the questions that follow.

Letter 1
PO Box 2543
Bendor Village
Giyani
7809
To whom it may concern
The Principle/Head of Department/Person in charge

Letter of application for financial assistance or money to study

Please sir I am a girl in grade 12 who is trying very hard to make myself better so that I can feed an
support my family. I am the eldest of four children and my parents don’t have job. I think I will pass ver

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good at end of the year and I study very hard. It is very hard in our village and no good teachers an
school. Teachers always not at school or late. I want to be a docter or engineer and want to help peop
of my village so you must give me money to study so that I can realise my dreams.

Thank you that you will help me.

God bless you.

Letter 2
PO Box 2543
Bendore
Giyani
7809
23 June 2013
The Financial Manager
Dr. PC Dlodlo
African Enterprises Mining

Dear Sir
Application: Bursary or financial assistance for University Study
I hereby apply for financial assistance from you company in 2014.
I am a Grade 12 learner at Giyani High School in Limpopo Province. I have been accepted as
candidate for the University of Pretoria in 2014. I intend to study engineering.
I have an excellent academic record, but I am not able to finance my studies at a University. Would yo
be so kind to send me information or application forms for any bursaries or financial assistance that
available from your company?
I have attached the following documents:
 The letter of acceptance from the University
 My Grade 11 and latest grade 12 report
 A testimonial from my maths and science teacher, who is also the principal of the school

I look forward to hear from you

Yours faithfully
Kenneth Baloyi

Neither these letters are perfect. Advice changes to imporve both.

Now look at possible changes:

Letter 1 Letter 2
Format used incorrect not formal Good format
Content is informal No indication of type of course in
engineering

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The learner disadvantage herself by No indication if he will stay in residence

stating al her family problems
The learner disadvantage herself by No indication why he or his parents cannot
criticising the school and the person my pay for own studies
doubt her results if she is not coming from
a good school
She ask for help to study but also
contradict it by saying she wants to feed
the family
Language and spelling errors make her
not a suitable candidate – these letters
must be perfect
No indication of proof of academic record

No indication of institution she wants to

study at

Completing application forms:

Teacher teaching method:
Some companies have specific forms you need to complete when you apply for a job e.g.Z83 for a
applications for jobs in state departments. The purpose of the application form is to provide a quic
summary of all your qualifications, skills and work experience.

 Read through the form before completing it, to see what information is required. This is the fir
impression your future employer will get of you, so make very sure that it is a good impression.
 Write neatly with a black pen and in print., so that it is easy to read your answer
 Do not cross out or use correction fluid
 Always submit certified copies of the original document and not the original
 Do not fold or bend the form
 Be honest – do not make up information. You will be caught out during the interview
 Complete all parts of the form. Do not leave out dates. E.g. date of employment and date o
completing your studies
 Make sure that the information in your CV and the answers in the application form are the same.
 Make sure you cover all parts of a question if a question has more than one part.

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 If you are asked to describe a situation where you have worked as part of a team to achiev
something, use the STAR method as a way to answer the question set to you.
 S- Situation. In about 20% of the space explain the situation. What happened?
 T-Task. Explain the task in 10% of your answer
 A-Action. 50% of your answer should be what you did. Identify the skills and knowledge tha
you used in the situation
 R-Result 20% of your answer should be the result or outcome of the situation. Give detail.

.
Writing and building a CV.
What is a CV (Curriculum vitae)?

It is a description and summary of you knowledge, skills and working life or working and studying histor
The latest information is always put first in each category. It will give your future employer an idea o
your skills, experience and knowledge as well as your academic qualifications. All forms of experienc
gained are important.

It is very hard to find your first job, because most jobs ask people with experience. It is important t
convince your future employer that your skills are good enough to give you at least a chance of a
interview. You should include all the experience you had during your school career in your CV. E.g.
you helped your teacher during the athletics or worked at the first aid or in the tuck shop you should put
under skills or work experience. All you do when you write your CV is to modify the heading wor
experience to skills and abilities.

It is very important to show your leadership skills and involvement in the community. You can eve
include the community projects you were involved in, in Life Orientation in Grade 11. It is important fo
you to show that you care for the people around you and that you like to be involved. Also include you
involvement in the community, church and traditional authorities
If you realise that you have not been involved in school or church and your community, it is never too la
to start. Get involved and start building your CV.

When writing a CV:

Do Do not
Be honest Lie about anything on your CV
Update your CV regularly Put somebody up as reference before
asking their permission
Use the correct format to write a CV Use old and outdated terminology
Have a typed copy of your CV ready Include a photograph
Use as much relevant information as you Have errors in your CV
can
Use a plain font when you type your CV Include pictures in your CV. It makes it
e.g. Arial or Times New Roman difficult to read
Getting of testimonial and evidence:

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A testimonial is a statement somebody will make about your character, strengths and abilities. It will als
confirm all your good principals and attitudes, values and work ethics. It is written by somebody wh
knows you well and who has experience of teaching or coaching you. It is usually somebody wh
supervised you. Your friend or parents cannot write you a testimonial. It would be somebody like you
teacher, coach, principal or minister at the church or even a community leader.

You will never find any negative information in a testimonial. The information that is not found in you
testimonial will say a lot about you. If it does not say that you are dedicated, hard working and hones
your future employer might think that you are lazy and cannot be trusted. It is therefore important th
you choose the person who writes your testimonial very carefully.

What is a Job shadowing and informal job?

It is very good experience and good for your CV if you can show experience in doing and informal o
temporary job e.g. temporary waiter at restaurant, shop assistant at local store etc. You can also fin
somebody who is doing a job you are interested in. Ask the person if you can follow him or her for a da
or two in his job to see if this is really what you want to do. This is called Job shadowing.

Homework:
Look at the format for your CV. You have done some of this in your language classes.

Complete the following template with your own details as if you are applying for a job.

PERSONAL DETAIL
Surname
Name
Address
Telephone and Cell phone
E- mail address
Identity number
Date of birth
Gender
Marital status
Nationality
Home Language
Other Languages
Drivers licence
Criminal record
Health

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Secondary education
Last school attended
Highest grade passed
Subjects: Languages

Computer literacy level

Leadership
Awards for culture, academic or sport
Extramural activities: sport
Cultural
General skills and abilities  Ability to work with people
 Ability to work under pressure and complete
tasks on time
Ethical behaviour  Honest and hard working
Tertiary education
University/College
Degree/Diploma pursued
Date studies will be completed
Major subjects
Work experience
Temporary worker at:

Community involvement
Church
Youth groups
References
Write the names of at least 3 people they can contact and enquire about you. Make sure you
supply the correct contact number and how you are related to the person e.g. principal or
supervisor at temporary job.

Managing meetings, projects and office administration skills

Knowing how to manage meetings is a skill that can help you to get a job and develop a caree
Suppose you are the captain of the first soccer team. You want your team to tour to another provinc
this year. Your teacher is not very keen on this idea and hasn’t done much since the last meeting wit
the parents of the team members. He has asked you to
Chair the meeting of the parents of all the players. What do you do?

Start by organising a venue. Ask your teacher or the principal if you can use the school hall. Now yo
can start planning the meeting.

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Step 1. Step 5. Be
Send out a Step 3 Get a Step 4 prepared.
invita琀椀on to Step 2 scribe to On the day of the Start the
the mee琀椀ng Compile and take the mee琀椀ng, prepare mee琀椀ng by
and say agenda that minuite the venue and welcoming
where and shows who during the remind people people.
when the you want to mee琀椀ng. about the State the
mee琀椀ng will lead the Also send mee琀椀ng. Also purpose of
take place discussions out the have an the mee琀椀ng.
and state the about the minuites of a琀琀endance Ask peopl to
purpuse of topic. the previous register ready for sign the
the mee琀椀ng mee琀椀ng all parents to sign a琀琀endance
register

Step 8
Step 7.
Step 6 Thank everyone for
If you assigned people
a琀琀ending the mee琀椀ng
At the end of the with work to do during
and for their
mee琀椀ng set a date for the mee琀椀ng tell them
contribu琀椀ons. Ask them
the next mee琀椀ng if when you need them to
if they want any topict to
necessary submit or to be 昀椀nished
be on the agenda for the
with it
next mee琀椀ng

Look at the list of problems you might encounter during your meeting:

Problems Possible solutions

People do not always take meeting seriously. Make sure that all the people who should be at the
They arrive late, do not turn up or leave early meeting gets the invitation in time and that they
know what to prepare if they have any
responsibilities during the meeting
People do not view meetings as doing work Make sure that people do what they promised to do
at the previous meeting

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Meetings end up being too long Make sure that the meeting does not exceed 90
minutes
People do not stick to the agenda If people want to discuss items that are not on the
agenda, ask them to park the item in the parking lot
– this means that you will discuss them later if
there is time.
Nothing happens after the meeting Give dates for when you want progress reports

One person talks too much or tries to take over As chairperson it is your responsibility to giver
everybody a chance to participate. Control the
time allocated to each speaker
Managing projects:

Project management involves planning, organising, securing and managing specific functions or project
It has a beginning and end time.

Suppose that as a member of the RCL Social committee you need to manage the matric farewell for th
year’s Grade 12 Learners. Last year’s function was chaos, and the principal was not very happy. You
committee needs to draw up a solid plan for managing the function this year. You have a meeting wit
the other RCL leaders. You realise that you have very little time and money available to organis th
function. Here’s how to approach the tas
Look at Get a venue,
the budget decor, food
available and DJ
Planning and
designing the dance Decide on
Get a waiters and
them for what they wear
the dance

Keep a list of
Form a commitee Give each group a
responsibilityies
Execute your plans with parents and responsibility and
grade 11 teachers budget and budget
allocated

Give dates for Have a 昀椀nal

Monitoring and sending out
mee琀椀ng to check
controlling how the invita琀椀on and
booking caterers if everything is in
plans are executed
and DJ place

Interview skills

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Your degree, diploma or certificate does not guarantee you a job! It is only the first step in developin
your career. .A CV is only a tool to apply for a job. The last step is to get and invitation to an interview
This will be there opportunity to demonstrate that they are the right person to hire.

a. Personal appearance

What must I wear?

 Dress in a formal way. Do not dress too modern or wear provocative clothes that might create th
impression that you are on your way to a jowl. Remember that the first impression you ar
making is very important. If you dress too informal or sexy your future employer might think th
you are not serious about getting the job and that you might give him problems by dressin
provocative
 Do not wear too much make up or perfume and jewellery
 Make sure that your jewellery is appropriate. Rather leave your nose and tongue rings and stud
at home.
 Make sure that your hair are washed and out of your eyes.
 Males: please shave the morning before the interview
 Males should wear a tie and jackets


b. Be prepared for the interview:

Most employers will ask similar types of questions. Be prepared and practice possible answers befor
the interview. Most of the questions will be about:
 Yourself and your interests
 Your weaknesses and strengths
 Your qualifications
 Your experience
 How well do you work with other people
 How do you solve problems like conflict
 Why you want the work/job
 What you know about the company

c. Typical questions to prepare for an interview.

 Tell us more about yourself?
 Why do you want to work for us?
 Why do you want to be....?
 Where do you see yourself in 5 years from now?
 Why do you want to leave your current job?
 What is your strengths and weaknesses
 Are you computer literate?
 Do you have knowledge of e.g. Pastel, Payroll etc. (job specific programs for computer)
 How many languages can you speak?
 What skills will you bring with you?

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 What are your outstanding achievements?

 Do you prefer to work in a team or alone and why?
 How will you solve the following problem in your work?
 Will you be willing to work overtime, when needed?
 Questions about the knowledge you have?

d. What to do and not to do during an interview

Remember to.............. Please do not..........

Be confident Be over confident and take over the
meeting
Be on time Come late
Be prepared to answer questions about Be casual as if you do not care about
yourself getting the job.
Be comfortable in what you wear Be informal in your approach to the panel
Speak loud and clear and slow Mumble your answers in a soft voice that
nobody can hear.
Be honest Lie about your experience and skills
Be positive and enthusiastic Hang onto the chair in a casual way
Keep eye contact with the person you are Take or make cell phone calls while you
talking to wait
Leave your cell phone switched off Be loud and over confident while you wait
for your interview.
Sit up straight in your chair chew gum
Be polite and answer the questions to the be rude about other people in your
best of your ability answers
Do research about the company before Do not be discriminative or racist in your
the interview answer.
Never say bad things about your previous
employers

e. Important questions that you should ask at the end of the interview if you get the opportunity
 What is the dress code for the company i.e. do you wear uniform?
 When will you be making a decision on the successful candidate?
 What is the culture of your company?
 Will I be allowed to use my own initiative and to what extent?
 Do your company have a medical aid and pension fund that I will be able to join?
 Can you tell me a little more about the position I will hold in the company?
 Are there other job responsibilities that were not mentioned in the advertisement?

Homework activity:

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Identify all the possible mistakes Mr. Baloyi is making on the day of his interview. Advise him how
to respond. (next page)

2
1.

4
3

5 6

Stop talking I can’t stand your voice!

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Ethics and Ethical behaviour

What is the meaning of ethics?

Ethics is the way you behave yourself and how you behave towards others in the place of work. It is
the rules you put down for yourself. It is the things that influence you when you decide on how well you
will do a job.

Ethical behaviour includes honesty, fairness, respect and responsibility in all parts of your life. Ethica
behaviour is important in every part of our lives and especially in the workplace.

Transparency: It is the term that is used in the workplace to describe openness and clea
communication between people who work together. Transparency is important because it makes sure
that people behave honestly and fairly. Transparency also means that certain information in a company
needs to be public, so that anyone who wants to can find it out.

Accountability: It means being responsible to someone for your actions. Most people in the
workplace are accountable to a manager to whom they report. Even senior managers are accountable
to their bosses. People in the workplace are also accountable to their colleagues in the way that they
behave and treat each other with respect and consideration.

The following behaviour are all considered corrupt and dishonest: stealing, cheating, lying, abusing
one’s power or manipulating the workplace for one’s own gain.

Ethical behaviour, transparency and accountability at work contribute to a better working environmen
and good relationships between colleagues and managers.

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Personal expectations in relation to job/career of interest:

Expectancy and reality :
When you choose a career, you have expectations that may not match what the career really offer
When you choose a career make sure that it matches your abilities, interests and values. It is importan
to love what you do, so choose carefully.

One of the expectations you might have when you start work is the kind of salary you will earn and th
opportunities you might have for promotion. It is important to realise that expectations can be goals
your life, but sometimes the way your career wil develop will not always be within your own power.

How do I manage when my expectations and reality are not the same? You must be realist when yo
set goals. Remember things can go wrong. Find ways to counteract or overcome the disappointmen
Be positive and believe in yourself and reset your goals.

Chances of success and satisfaction:

To be successful means a number of different things to different people. It can mean that you reach
senior position in your career. It could also mean that you earn a lot of money. It could mean bein
famous. Success means achieving your goals, whatever they are.

Satisfaction: means being happy and pleased with what you have achieved. If you are satisfied wit
your job, you enjoy ding it. You like your working conditions and the tasks you have to do.

Check your own chances on success by asking yourself the following:

 Do I have realistic expectations?
 Do I have the right skills and qualification?
 Am I interested in what I do?
 Do I have the personality needed to do the job?

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Suitability audit:
This is when you ask yourself if you are suitable for a career or career field. In some jobs you have t
study for long and work hard for long hours. Are you willing to do so.

Some jobs expect you to work over weekends and under difficult circumstances, Are you willing to do it?

Knowledge about self in relation to the demands of the world of work and socio-econom
conditions: skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled and physical labour

Type Meaning
Skilled Skilled work involves thorough training for the
job. Skilled workers can word independently in
duties with responsibility. They receive training
at colleges or universities. Examples are
computer manufacturing, engineers, medical
doctors, journalists and teachers
Semi-skilled Employer is partially trained to do the work,
mostly through on the job training to do the work
on the job.
This includes training from SETA’s and
learnerships
Examples are typists, builders and drivers
Unskilled No formal training
Mostly physical work
Example sweepers, packers diggers, farm
workers
Physical labour Can be part of skilled or semi or unskilled work.
Degrelevel CV)
- Expectancy, reality and perseverance:
People sometimes change careers because there is a discrepancy between career expectations an
reality. What you expect of your job or career may not be the reality. If you face this discrepancy, yo
need to persevere to make career changes. It can be disappointing when things do not turn out as yo
had hoped or planned.

Term 4

Development of self in society: Week 1- 3

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Gender roles and their effects on health and well-being: self, family and
society

People have different abilities, interests, skills, beliefs and values, which are often
closely linked to their gender. It is important that you understand the meaning of the
following words before you proceed:

Gender The characteristics we use to show the difference3

between males and females such as how we dress, speak
and behave. Each culture may have slightly different
characteristics that link to being feminine or masculine.
Show how people express their femininity or masculinity is
a choice unlike the sex of a person- whether he or she was
born male or a female
Gender roles This refers to what males and females are expected to do
by their culture. This may include the type of work that
people of different sexes are expected to do and different
ways they are expected to behave with one another.
Roles vary widely within and between cultures and often
develop over time. Factors such as education and
economics can affect the gender roles.
Masculinity This refers to roles and behaviour generally associated
with men or boys. It combines biological and cultural
characteristics that are often associated with men and
boys. People of any sex can have signs of masculinity

Femininity This refers to roles and behaviours generally associated

with girls and women. Femininity can include biological
and cultural qualities that are often linked with women and
girls. People of any sex may show signs of feminine traits.

Physical health It includes aspects such as our bodies, fitness, safety and
self care and medical care.

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Mental health This refers to the state of well-being in which every

individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with
the normal stresses of life, can work productively and
fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to her or his
community.

Social health This refers to the relationships within and between family,
friends, colleagues, community, culture, economy and the
environment

Unequal power relations, power inequality, power balance and power struggle
between genders:
Power inequality means that some people have more rights, better opportunities and
more power than other people. It means that the power balance is unfair, which can
lead to power struggles or fights between genders for more power.

Gender norms also contribute to social problems such as unequal access to jobs
and education Being forced into these roles or accepting gender norms also
contribute to crimes such as domestic and sexual violence. Later more about it.

Young people who don’t follow accepted gender roles are often discriminated
against in schools an may even be rejected by their families.

Unequal power relationships can affect you and the family or society. Examples
like:
 Some cultures don’t think that education is important for girls. So girls don’t finish
a school which means they cannot get good jobs and earn their own money.
 In some cultures and families, the husband is thought to be the head of the
household. He makes all the decisions. His wife has to obey him. She cannot

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decide where they are going to live or where the children will go to school.

 In society the jobs that men and women do are different. For example most
teachers and nurses are women, while most principals and doctors are men.
Most skilled workers are men, while most cleaners and domestic workers are
women. Men have higher paying jobs. When they have more money, they have
more power. In some countries, even when men and women have the same
jobs, the women are paid less

Abuse of power:

The person who has more power can sometimes abuse the power. He or she can
harm, attack or treat the other person badly. The abuse can take different forms
towards the individual, in families in cultures and socially and in the workplace.

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Physical abuse:

Physical abuse is using physical force to cause harm, injury, disability or death. It
includes scratching, pushing , throwing, grabbing, choking, shaking, slapping or
punching, burning, tying up, biting, hitting, cutting, drowning, strangling and kicking.
It could be not giving people food or medicine or letting them get cold.

Family (incest)
Incest is sexual intercourse between people who are so closely related that they
would not be allowed to get married by law. Incest happen between a father and
daughter, father and son, mother and son, mother and daughter, brother and sister,
grandparents and grandchildren, uncles and nieces or nephew and aunts . Incest
involving a child is child abuse and it is a serious crime.

Cultural (different mourning periods for males and females)

Emotional health can also be affected by cultural norms about how and when people
should show emotions and what they should do. Different cultures set expected
behaviours for men and women when mourning the death.

Different periods of mourning for women and men may also be traditional in some
cultures. In some tribes the women are expected to remain mourning for a year after
her husband’s death, but this is not expected of husbands who lose their wife’s.

Social (domestic violence and sexual violence/rape) and work settings (sexual
harassment)

Domestic violence happens when one person in a close relationship or marriage

tries to dominate and control the other person. You can have a domestic
relationship with a marriage partner, someone, you are living with, or your boy
or girlfriend.
The abuser uses fear, guilt, shame, threats and physical violence to control you. The
abuser can be a man or a women. The Domestic Violence Act is the law that deals
with domestic violence. Domestic violence is unacceptable. You deserve to feel
valued, respected and safe.

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Domestic violence refers to and includes:

 Damage to property or anything that you value
 Stalking, which is when another person keeps on flowing you or coming near
you
 Economic abuse: which includes not giving you money, not paying for rent for
the home you share, selling your things without your permission, stopping your
from working or choosing your own career.
 Emotional abuse: which is behaviour that humiliates and degrades you and
makes you feel bad or worthless, such as repeated insults, threats, swearing,
yelling and blaming.
 Physical abuse: holding a knife to your throat or showing you a gun
 Sexual violence such as rape

Social abuse: sexual violence and rape

Sexual violence and rape are also part of domestic abuse. Sexual violence includes:
 Any sexual harassment
 Any sexual act that is unwanted by the partner
 Trying to get someone to have sex with you
 Being forced to watch other people in sexual acts
 Being forced to perform oral or anal sex
 Penetration with fingers or object
 Date rape= being raped by someone you know.
 Gang rape- being raped by more than one person
 Statutory rape- sex with a girl under the age of 16, with or without her agreement.

Any time you are forced to take part in unwanted, unsafe or degrading sexual acts it
is regarded as sexual violence. Forced sex, even with you partner is abuse.

Workplace: Sexual harassment: Look at this very carefully and a

make sure you are not guilty!

Sexual harassment is unwanted sexual behaviour that happens again and again It
can take the form of:

 Sexual comments about a person’s body

 Asking about a person’s sex life
 Suggestions and hints about having sex
 Physical contact such as touching, feeling or pinching
 Whistling

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 Rude gestures such as finger signs

 Sex-related jokes
 Showing pornographic pictures
 Promises of promotion or passing in exchange for sex
 Name calling
 Spreading untrue stories about someone’s sexual activities
 Sending notes, letters, emails or sms messages with sexual content
 Making obscene phone calls in which you make sexual comments and
suggestions in an offensive way.

Sexual harassment can take place in the workplace or at school. At work, the power
balance is unequal between a boss and his or her employee. At school, there is
power inequality between teachers and learners. So sexual harassment is a form of
power abuse

Negative effects on health and well-being:

Effect of abuse:

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Physical e昀昀ects: Emo琀椀onal e昀昀ects E昀昀ects of gender roles

bruises fear of the other on widows
broken bones and person women must wait to
teeth depression marry again un琀椀ll a昀琀er
mourning period is
rope and strap marks anger over
bold spots where hair poor marks she is kep isolated
was pulled out dropping out of school some inlaws treat
burns fron cigare琀琀es, shame women badly a昀琀ers
orons or water sons death
feeling worhtless and
unwanted pregnancies alone and powerless she gets rejected by
death feelings of tuilf community
nightsmares community may see
her as person whom
do not trust people brings bad luck

Addressing unequal power relations and power inequality between genders

You have the following rights:

 Apply for a protection order at police station or court. A protection order is given
by the court and it orders your abuser to stop the abuse. If the person doesn’t
stop, he or she can be arrested.
 Lay a criminal charge at the police station

Democracy and human rights: Week 4-6

Contributions of South Africa’s diverse religions and belief systems to a harmonious

society and own belief system:

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Religion and belief systems shapes the character and values of society . Religion help
people to:

Develop a sense of identity and belonging in the word, with other people and God
Develop values and the ability to make moral end ethical decision
Develop skills in expressing themselves
Develop compassion and provide social and economic services
Promote justice, reconciliation and peace and harmony.

Religious contributions help to form the character and values of people and society. The
contribution of religions and belief systems to shaping people character and values is an
important reason why most South African society is able to function in harmonious, peaceful and
productive ways.

Each religion and belief system is different from the other. The combination of different religions
and belief systems allows people to find a spiritual community into which they can fit. All the
contributions of the different religions and belief systems make a combined contribution to a
harmonious society in South Africa.

Clarify own values and beliefs

Sometimes you think that morality and religion are just old fashioned sets of rules that sop us
from enjoying ourselves. However, having a moral code to live by is about having our own
awareness of who we are, what we are prepared to do for others and how we expect to be
treated by others. This enables us to make sense of the information about the world that we
receive.

Beliefs and values are also choices. Your beliefs and values are influenced by your parents
and the culture you grow up in

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Dilemma
Sometimes you may have to make a difficult choice about something, such as abortion.
Dilemma means that you believe ther are good reasons for two opposing actions. If you have a
dilemma a strong belief and calue system hay help you decide what to do.

Right to Life
According to the Bill of Rights everyone has the right to life. However, the Choice on
Termination of Pregnancy Act gives women the right to decide whether of not to have an
abortion. Some people’s beliefs are against abortion. So there is a dilemma between the
law and their beliefs.

Euthanasia:
The word Euthanasia comes fro the Greek that means “good death” There are various forms of
euthanasia:
 Voluntary euthanasia when the person who is killed has asked to be killed.
 Non-voluntary euthanasia: when the person who is killed made no request and did not agree
 Assisted suicide: when the person provides an individual with the means to take his or her
own life
 Passive euthanasia: involves not giving common treatments such as food water and
antibiotics
 Active euthanasia: involves the use of lethal or deadly substances such as and over dosage
of drugs.
I
In South Africa Euthanasia is against the law.

Cultural practices and traditions,

Something you do may harm you or the environment and other people. Do you carry on ding it
just because it is part of a cultural tradition and people have been doing it for long time? Do you
need to think of the impact it have and change it or decide not to do it.

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Look at the following:

 Arranged marriages
 Male circumcision

Many cultures use circumcision as a symbol of acceptance. Jewish boys are circumcised as
babies. Many African adolescents go though circumcision ceremonies as a passage into
manhood. Thousands of children die as result of infections or unstoppable bleeding following
their circumcision.
 Should it still be allowed in a modern world?
 Are the human rights of the children being violated? Should such practices be allowed to
continue just because they are part of belief system and traditions?

Economic issues:
One of the serious economic issues or our time are the growing gap between the rich and the
poor and the general increase in poverty. There are many different points of view about what
needs to be done to deal withpoverty.

Environmental issues;
Many people know that industrial development is damaging the environment. The earth cannot
sustain thee level of industrial growth because it is destroying our natural resources. This will
affect the poor the most as they will feel the lack of resources first. Some of the environmental
issues include the decline in the quality of our environment, resources, pollution, global
warming, cruelty to animals.

Indigenous cultures belief in a close connection between the spirit world, respect for the land
and human well-being. They believe that your fate will be linked to how you treat the land and
animals.

Respect differing opinions:

To build harmonious future we will need to seek to understand opinions different from our own,
become aware of our own limitations and norms and take action to find solutions fo the
challenges we face.

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Parent’s Name: --------------------------------- Parent’s Signature: .................................. .Date:

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