Lesson Plan Copa 2024-25
Lesson Plan Copa 2024-25
Question:
List the special features of Babbage Analytical engine.
How do you they compare with the modern computers?
Classify the generation of computers.
What is the main difference between different generation computers?
Summary: Babbage in conceded one of the great performs in the trade of compaction for this
foresight to design the analytical engine.
The developments of the computers are closely associated with the development in mechanical
technology, particularly the semi conductor technology.
Application: Now days there are the most widely used machine, education, Business,
Communication, Personal, and Fun.
Such system would integrate the advantage in the both hard were and soft were technology and would
facility computer added problems slowing with the help of organized information many specialize
area.
Reference: Early one chemical compute.
IBM PC CLONES – B Gonvindarajalu.
INTRODUCTION TO MICROPROCESSORS – R. Gaonkar.
Next Lesson: Function of Computer.
GOVT. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING INSTITUTE,
FATEHPUR SHEKHAWATI
LESSON PLAN
Name :MD. JAVED Unit/Block No.: Week No.: Lesson no. :
KHAN Trade :COPA Date: Time :
Title: Function Of Computer. ( Input, Output, ALU, Control Unit, Memory) & Application of
Computer
Objectives:
Introduction
Development
Components
Application
E-governance Application
Commercial application use like railway reservation, telephone billing etc.
Aids: Chalk, Duster, Black Board, Pointer.
Preparation:
The applications of components are so wide that they will be playing vary important rots and future
life of man to relieve him from many physical and mental ban dens.
The complain does everything as per the instructions given by the programmer in his program. It
cannot think of its own like human being.
Introduction:
The first mechanical calculation machine was made in 1642 by the great French matumatwan and
philosopher Blasé Pascal pres.
Motivation:
Before use of computer all work was done by paper and it was very lengthy process to do and after
use of computer in various application paper is work is reduced and work is become very fast.
Presentation:
Topics Information Points Spot Hints
Input unit memory BLOCK DIAGRAM OF
unit ALU COMPUTER
ALU
Control unit Input unit: The purpose of the input
Output unit unit is to accept the input data which
is required to store the problems
I/P CU O/P
Memory unit: the memory unit
retains the slips for solution and
initial input –data, the intermediate
MEMORY
and final results.
Arithmetic unit: the arithmetic unit
per forms all mathematical
computation apon receiving
instruction from control unit.
Control unit: This unit performs the
most vital function in the computer. It
actual all this unit and controls the
data flow between them to solve the
problem.
Output units: The output unit accepts the
final result and translates them from
machine code to the readable from.
Computer Computer- controlled seat reservation It saves your valuable time.
Application in bring benefit to customers. This is
railway reservation achieved by using computer networks.
Electricity billing by maintaining the list You can even get the status
Electricity of all the user name, connection number, update.
number of units and the amount to be
paid.
Question: Classify the Computer according to the their speed and storage capacity
(1) What do you mean by ‘Machine language’?
(2) Why H.L.L. is required?
(3) Function of Translator.
(4) Difference between Compiler and Interpreter.
Summary: Computers are classified according to their technology and extreme use of its purpose.
Application: Application of each computer varies from business to business and it s potential
capacity of processing. Application in the electronic, petroleum engineering Weather for casting
structural analysis chemistry, medicine and physics.
Next Lesson: Input / Output device & their Features
* Introduction : various input & Output devices are used to give data to system & to get information from
system.
Motivation :
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Input device Input devices are used to enter data from
outside world into primary storage.
Keyboard devices Allow data entry into a computer system by 101 keys QWERTY key board
pressing a set of keys is most popular.
Non-impact printers printers do not touch the paper while printing. Inkjet, Deskjet, Laser,
They use chemical, heat or electrical signals to Thermal printers fall under
etch the symbols on paper. Inkjet, Deskjet, this category of printers.
Laser, Thermal
printers fall under this category of printers.
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Input devices are the devices through which we can give instruction to
system. output device gives the output of our given instructions .
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is the full form of VDU,LCD?
QUESTION (2) What is Soft Copy & Hard Copy?
(3) Explain it’s feature
REFERENCE : Computer Operator & Programming Assistant – NIMI
NEXT LESSON : BIOS Settings & Various Type of Memories
* Introduction : various types of storage devices are used to store data temporary or permanent..
Motivation :
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Types of memory - Primary storage
device - Secondary storage
Every computer has a
Primary storage RAM (Random Access Memory) temporary storage built into
devices Primary storage of a computer is often referred computer hardware. This
as RAM because of its random access temporary storage is known
capabilities. as main memory.==
RAM chips are volatile memory. Data is
burnt by manufacturer User can load and
ROM (Read only store “read-only” programs and data in it.
memory ) User can erase information stored in it and
chips can be reprogrammed to store new. Also known as auxiliary
It has unlimited capacity. memory.
Secondary storage Speed is far slower than primary storage.
Used to store large volumes of data on permanent Example : magnetic tape ,
basis. CDROM , floppy disk ,
hard disk.
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Input devices are the devices through which we can give instruction to
system. output device gives the output of our given instructions .
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) Describe Types of Memory and it’s Function
QUESTION (2) What is key to Enter in BIOS setting
(3) What is use of BIOS Setting.
REFERENCE : Computer Operator & Programming Assistant – NIMI
NEXT LESSON : Basic Hardware & Software Issues & Software Installation
Topic / Aim : Basic Hardware & Software Issues & Software Installation
Objective : What is hardware and software, Types of Software and It’s
Installation Aids : Marker, White Board ,Duster ,Computer ,Projector
Preparation :
* Review : Types of Input / Output device & their Features
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY :
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is Required to Install any Software
QUESTION (2) Describe Hardware and Software Issue
Open Source : The main advantage of linux is , it is open Why Linux is called Open
source operating system means Any one can Source ?
download it easily without any cost. Also the
source code for this OS is easily available. So
we can also modify it as per our views and
ideas. Installation and utilization of the linux is
also free. So that Linux called Open Source
Operating system.
Advantage There is no any owner of Linux Os . So any What are the advantages
OfLinux : one can debug it without License Permission. Of Linux Operating
System?
The main advantage is , its Free and most of
the softwares comes with General Public
License.
Echo Command : This command is use to display message on E.g. echo HELLO_COPA
screen. We can also display echo in a color.
Different escape sequence code is used to
display foreground color as well as back ground
color.
Syntax : cd directory_name
Mkdir Command : E.g. mkdir iti_babra
This command is use to make new directory
in to current directory. The new directory must
not be in the same directory.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Edit Menu In edit menu following options are available. Detail Discussion of all
Undo , Repeat, Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Special, above option of edit
paste as hyperlink, clear, select all, find, Menu
Replace, Go to, Link, Object
View menu. In view menu following options are available. Detail Discussion of all
above option of View
Normal, Web layout, Print layout, Out line, Tool Menu
bar, Ruler, Document map, header & footer,
Footnote, Comment, Full screen, Zoom
Insert menu. In Insert menu following Options are available. Detail Discussion of all
Break, Page Number, date & Time, auto text, above option of Insert
Field, Symbol, Comment, Footnote, Caption, Menu.
Cross reference, index & Tab, picture, Book
mark, file, object.
APPLICATION : Edit , View and Insert menu is useful for editing word document.
SUMMARY : View for Different view of document, Insert and Edit menu for editing
document
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) Work all short cut key of option of edit, view and insert menu?
QUESTION (2) What is the use of Header & Footer?
(3) difference between paste and paste special?
(4) How to add new page in document?
REFERENCE :
NEXT LESSON : Format & Tools menu, Table and Windows menu.
Motivation : Window & dos base program like typing tutor, MS-Office etc.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Format menu --> Font: This will change the font attributes of --> What is the use of font
either the currently selected text command?
-->Paragraph: select the text you wish to change
and then use this command to make the --> What is the use of
alterations, such as alignment, indentation, and borders and shading?
spacing.
-->Bullets and Numbering: This is a handy --> What is the use of
command; it creates indented lists with various change case?
formats.
-->Borders and Shading: This command allows
you to create borders and shading on elements
within your Microsoft Word document.
-->Columns: The Columns command will split
the current document into the number of
columns you specify.
-->Drop Cap:This tool allows you to either add
a drop cap character to your document or
change an existing letter (at the start of a
sentence) to a drop cap.
-->Text Direction: This allows you to change
the text direction of a text object, for example a
text box.
-->Change Case: The Change case tool allows
you to alter the case of existing text.
-->Background: This changes the background
color of your Microsoft Word document. It also
allows you to add watermarks and use different
gradient effects.
-->Styles and Formatting: This will open the
Styles and Formatting toolbar, allowing you
create headings, lists and more.
Tools Menu -->Spelling and Grammar: This command will --> What is the use of
check the spelling and grammar of the current spelling and grammer?
Microsoft Word document.
--> Explain mail merge.
-->Language: The language tool has various
options, including setting the language of the explain macro.
document, translating text, open the thesaurus
and manage hyphenation.
-->Word Count: This will open the Word Count
dialogue box, enabling you to count the amount
of words in the whole document, or the
currently selected text.
-->Protect Document: This command allows
you to control the protection of the document,
including tracked changes, comments and
forms.
-->Letters and Mailing: Gives you access to
various features, including the Mail Merge
Wizard, the Letter Wizard, the Envelopes and
Labels tool, and the Mail Merge Toolbar.
-->Macro: This opens the Macro Dialogue box,
allowing you to manage subsequent and existing
macros. We will be covering Microsoft Word
macros in a future tutorial.
-->Templates and Add-Ins: Opens the Templates
and Add-Ins Dialogue box, allowing you to add,
remove or update styles and template.
-->AutoCorrect Options: Opens the AutoCorrect
dialogue box, enabling you to manage
capitalization, and also the replace text as you
type settings.
-->Options: This opens the main options
dialogue box in Microsoft Word. It allows you
to change many aspects of the current document
and Microsoft Word environment.
Table menu -->Draw Table: This command opens the Tables --> What is the use of
and Borders dialogue box with the draw table merge cells?
tool active.
--> What is the use of split
-->Insert: Allows you to insert a whole table or cells?
just columns, rows and cells into the current
document. --> What is the use of sort?
-->Delete: Delete complete tables, columns,
rows and selected cells.
-->Select: This command allows you to select
the current table, column, row or cell.
-->Merge Cells: This tool will merge the
currently selected cells into one.
-->Split Cells: This will split the selected cell/s
into your chosen amount of columns and rows,
it will also offer (if more than one cell selected)
to merge the selected cells before the split.
-->Table AutoFormat: This command will open
the Microsoft Word Table AutoFormat dialogue
box, where you can choose from a number of
different table templates, including preset fonts
and cell background colors.
-->Convert: This command will convert
existing text into a table format. The text will
have to have a common separator to indicate the
different columns, it will also needs new
paragraphs where you would like each row.
-->Sort: This opens the Sort Table dialogue
box. You can choose which column you would
like to sort and by what order.
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Thus, format, tools and table menu is very useful for making document
Attractive.
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) Explain mostly used commands of format menu in word.
QUESTION (2) Explain mostly used commands of tools menu in word.
(3) Explain mostly used commands of table menu in word.
REFERENCE :
Insert menu --> Cells: Inserts new cells into your worksheet, --> What is use of chart?
prompting you to ask how you would like to
--> What is use of
move the surrounding cells out of the way.
pagebreak?
--> Rows : Inserts a new row above the selected
cell(s). --> What is the use of
-->Columns: Inserts a new column to the left of function?
the selected cell(s).
--> Worksheet: Inserts a new Worksheet, with its
tab to the left of that of the selected Worksheet.
--> Chart... Launches the Chart Wizard to help
you insert a chart based on given data within
your Worksheet.
--> Page Break: Inserts a page break above the
selected cell(s).
--> Function: Launches the Function Wizard to
insert a function based on given given data
within your Worksheet. Picture: Inserts a Clip
Art, an image file, WordArt or acquires a new
file from a scanner.
--> Object: Inserts an object such as a Windows
Media Player video or other OLE (Object
Linking and Embedding) compatible file.
--> Hyperlink : Inserts a link to a specified
website or file location. If you click on the link,
you will be brought to that location.
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY :
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) Explain mostly used commands of edit menu in excel.
QUESTION (2) Explain mostly used commands of view menu in excel.
(3) Explain mostly used commands of insert menu in excel.
REFERENCE :
NEXT LESSON : Format , Tool And Data menu of EXCEL
Row And Column:- This option is use to set How can you set row
height and width of the cell should be adjustable height or column width ?
as per data.You can also hide Row and Column.
Sheet:- Using this option, User can gives the Is it possible to set back
name to sheet as per its requirement and also set ground image to sheet ?
background picture for the sheet and tab color. How?
User can hide the sheet using this option.
DATA MENU : Sort:- Use to sort data according to specific How can you arrange data
sort order like ascending or descending. in particular order ?
If data in one column will be same
then it will checks the 2nd and 3rd column which
we specify in sort option of data menu.
Filter:- We can filter data as per our E.g.In result sheet we have
requirement. Sheet contains different cell values to see only those rows
in different rows but if we want to see particular which contains “Science”
cells which contains same value or value to as a stream then it should
above or below to specific criteria , then it be possible with filter
should be done only with filter option. option.
VIEW MENU :
Normal:- It is the main editing view. User can How many types of view
normally works with normal view. available in power point ?
Slide Sorter:- It is an exclusive view of our
slide in thumbnail from , helpful for rearranging the
order of our slides.
Slide Show:- Slide show view takes up the
full computer screen , like an actual slide show
presentation. In this full screen view you see your
presentation the way your audience will.
Task Pane:- When this option is ticked , It
will display the task pane to the right side of the
slide.
Toolbar:- Use to enable different toolbar
like picture , drawing , standard , formatting etc… How can you add different
on the screen. toolbar in power point ?
Ruler:- Use to display vertical as well as
horizontal ruler on the screen.
Header and Footer:- Using this option , we can
add date & time as well as slide number and footer How can you add slide
text which display bottom side of the slide. number in power point ?
Zoom:- maximum 400% zoom.
APPLICATION To represent any data on computer Easily & Attractively.
SUMMARY When You are making your presentation , create the content of your
presentation first and then get creative with colors and animation.
ASSIGNMENT/ 1. What is Power Point ? Explain the file menu.
QUESTION 2. Explain the edit menu with all sub menus in power point.
3. How many types of views are available in power point ? Explain
each with details.
REFERENCE Internet.
NEXT LESSON Insert and Slide show menu.
Presentation
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Questions
(Ask)
INSERT MENU : New Slide(ctrl+m):- It is use to insert new What is the shortcut
blank slide into current presentation. key for new slide ?
Duplicate Slide:- It is use to insert another slide
same as selected slide into presentation.
How can you add
Slide Number:- Use to insert slide number
slide number , date &
in all slides of presentation. time into
Date & Time:- To insert date and time into presentation ?
current slide.
Picture:- It is use to insert graphics like clip How can you add
art , auto shapes , word art and organization chart. auto shapes in
We can also insert picture from scanner and camera. power point ?
Diagram:- It is also possible to add different
diagram in our presentation. We can add different
diagrams like chart , cycle diagram , radial diagram , What is the need of
pyramid diagram , target diagram into our organization chart ?
presentation.
Textbox:- Use to insert textbox in slide
which is use to write text. Which Option is
Movies and Sound:- We can add movie clip with use to insert video
sound using this option, Its also provides the facility clip into
to record the sound. presentation ?
Table:- We insert table with specific rows
and columns into our slide using this option. Is it possible to add
Object:- It is also possible to add object of word document in
other applications like Excel , Word , Adobe Reader our presentation ?
and Word pad etc… using this option. How ?
SLIDE What is the short cut
SHOWMENU: View Show:- We represent our presentation key of slide show ?
in full screen view using this option. The short cut
key for this option is F5.
Set up Show:- We sets how many slides What is the use of Action
have to display and also sets slide show Buttons ?
resolution using this option.
Action Buttons:- We add different buttons
icons like next , previous , home etc.. using this
option.
After adding buttons specify hyperlink
for that button. So when we click on that button
How we can apply
during slide show , we moves on slide which set
animation to our content ?
into hyperlink.
Animation Schemes:- It contains different
animation schemes like fade in , faded zoom ,
flash bulb and much more for the contents in What is the main difference
our slide. between animation scheme
and slide transition ?
Custom Animation:- It’s use to apply
custom animation effects to our content in slide. How we can apply
If we select this option , animation effect will animation to our slide ?
apply by software on our content automatically.
Topic / Aim : Rules for designing good tables, Data Integrity Constraints and Relationships
in tables.
Objective : (1)Rules for Designing Table
(2) Data Integrity
constraints (3)Relationship
In Table.
Aids : Chalk, Duster,
Pointer. Preparation :
* Review :
* Introduction : Designing Good Table With
Relationship. Motivation : Data integrity in Relationship
of Tables.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Rules for Designing ● Field name Must be --> What is Table?
Table Between 0 to 255
Characters. -->what is Row and
● Select proper Data type of Column?
Field.
● Set the primary key. For NO- --> What are the rules of
Duplication Table Designing ?
● Set Default Value . For Blank
Value
● Set Validation of Field
● Set Format of Number Field
● Set Yes of Field for
Data Must Be entered
Set validation text for
Validation Error
Data Integrity ● What is Data Integrity? -->what is Data Integrity?
Constraints ● Primary key -->what is Primary key?
● Check Constraints --> what is Check
● Default Constraints Constraints ?
● Foreign Key -->What is Default
Constraints ?
-->What is Foreign Key?
● Unique Constraints
--> What is Unique Key?
Relationship In ● What is Relationship? -->what is RDBMS ?
Table ● Explain Types of Relation --> what is Relationship?
ship --> Explain Types of
1. One – to –one Relationship.
2. One – to – many
3. Many –to –many
4. Many – to – one
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Rules of Designing Table with Data Integrity and Relationship
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) Explain Rule of Designing Table .
QUESTION (2) Explain Data integrity .
(3) Difference Between Primary key and Foreign key
(4) Explain Check, Default and Unique Constraints
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Create Database and Table in Ms-Access
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) How to Awaking in Ms-Access?.
QUESTION (2) How To Create Database in Ms-Access ?
(3) Explain Data types In Ms-Access.
(4) Explain Types Of Create Table.
(5) How to create table in Design View?
(6) Explain Properties of Data Types.
(7) Write Steps for Create table by using Wizard.
(8) Write steps For Create Table By Entering Data.
REFERENCE : Complete Reference of Microsoft Access - 2007
NEXT LESSON : . Creating Queries & Forms
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Introduction Queries within a DBMS system can do more than --> What is the full form
display answers to the questions you ask. They of DBMS?
can actually perform various actions on the data in
your database. Action queries are queries that can
add, change, or delete multiple records at one
time. The added benefit is that you can preview
the query results in Access before you run it.
Microsoft Access provides 4 different types of
Action Queries: Make-Table, Append, Update, and
Delete.
How to create -->Start Microsoft Access and open your database --> What is Action
query? Click on the Queries tab of your database. Query ?
-->Click on the New button and then select Design
View to start creating a query in Design view. --> How can we create
Choose the tables or other queries you wish to query?.
query
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Queries are used to do task and forms are collectors of multiple objects.
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is the full form of DBMS?
QUESTION (2) What is Query and Form?
(3) Explain Query creation.
(4) Explain form creation.
REFERENCE : .
NEXT LESSON : Creating Report Using Different Views
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : Reports organize and summarize data for viewing online or for printing.
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is the Report?
QUESTION (2) How can we create report?
REFERENCE : .
Topic / Aim : Introduction to network, Client Server & Peer to Peer Network
Objective : 1) Networking.
2) Client and Server.
3) Peer to Peer Network.
Aids : Chalk, Duster, Pointer.
Preparation : Importance of Networking in Computing Environment..
* Review :
* Intoduction : Networking.
Motivation :
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Network A computer network or data network is a --> What is the Network?
telecommunications network that
allows computers to exchange data. In computer
networks, networked computing devices pass data
to each other along data connections. Data is
transferred in the form of packets
Peer to Peer -->A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is created when --> What is a peer to peer
Network two or more PCs are connected and share resources network?
without going through a separate server computer.
--> A P2P network can be an ad hoc connection a
couple of computers connected via a Universal
Serial Bus to transfer files.
--> A P2P network also can be a permanent
infrastructure that links a half-dozen computers in
a small office over copper wires. Or a P2P network
can be a network on a much grander scale in which
special protocols and applications set up direct
relationships among users over the Internet.
-->The initial use of P2P networks in business
followed the deployment in the early 1980s of free-
standing PCs.
APPLICATION : Networking is used in many areas like railway,telecome sector …etc
SUMMARY : A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that
allows computers to exchange data.
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is the Network? (2) What is a client server network? (3) What is a
QUESTION peer to peer network?
REFERENCE : .
NEXT LESSON : Concepts of Proxy Server, Firewall Server & Network Topologies.
Topic / Aim : Understanding concepts of Proxy Server, Firewall Server & Network
Topologies Objective : (1) Server Details
(2) Different Types of Servers & Network Topologies
(3) Difference between Proxy , Firewall and other Servers
Topic / Aim : Understanding Network Cables, Wireless Networking & Blue Tooth Technology
Objective : (1) Types of cables.
(2) Wireless technology
(3) Bluetooth technology.
Aids : Chalk, Duster, Pointer.
Preparation :
* Review :
* Introduction : Networking Cables and Mediums.
Motivation :
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
Network Cables Networking cables are used to connect Types of Network
one network device to other network Cables.
devices or to connect two or more
computers to share printer, scanner
etc.
Different types of network cables
like Coaxial cable, Optical fiber
cable, Twisted Pair cables are used
depending on
the
network's topology, protocol and size.
Twisted pair cabling is a form of
wiring in which pairs of wires are
twisted together for the purposes of
canceling out electromagnetic (EMI)
from other wire pairs and from
external sources. This type of cable is
used for home and corporate Ethernet
networks.
An optical fiber cable consists of a
center glass core surrounded by
several layers of protective material.
The outer insulating jacket is made of
Teflon or PVC to prevent interference.
It is expensive but has higher
bandwidth and can transmit data over
longer distances.
Coaxial lines confine the
electromagnetic wave to area inside
the cable, between the center
conductor and the shield. The
transmission of energy in the line
occurs totally through the dielectric
inside the
cable between the conductors.
Wireless Networking ● Using Infrared Signals or Radio What is Wireless
Frequency Signals connect computer or Technology?
any other device in the home or any other What is Ad-hoc
place is called Wireless Networking. Network?
● Two types of Wireless LANs are there.
(1) Infrastructure Network (2) Ad-hoc
Network.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topic Information Points Tell
s Question
(Ask)
OSI-7 Layer Model: ● Application layer: User Level Processing. --> What is the full
Ex. Telnet, FTP, Mail, HTTP form of OSI?
● Presentation layer: Data Representation &
Syntax. --> HTTP, telnet, and ftp
Ex. ISO Presentation protocols run in which
layer?
● Session layer: Sync Points and Dialogs.
Ex. ISO Session
● Transport layer: Reliable End to End.. Ex. TCP, --> Explain layer of
UDP. OSI model.
● Network layer: Unreliable Thru Multi- Node
Network.
Ex. X.25 Pkt, IP
● Data Link layer: Reliable Across Physical Line.
Ex. LAPB, HDLC
● Physical layer: Unreliable Wire, Telco Line
Ex. EITHERNET, ATM
Network Protocol: ● TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP is --> To which OSI
known as a connection- oriented protocol, which layerdoes TCP/IP
means that a connection is established and maintained protocolbelong?
until the application programs at each end have
completed exchanging messages. --> What is the full form
● FTP (File Transfer Protocol): This is a popular way of SMTP ?
to transfer files from machine to machine across a
network. --> Explain FTP protocol.
● SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): It's a set of
communication guidelines that allow software to
transmit email over the Internet.
Classes Of Network: ● Class A: The high-order bit in a class A -->What is the range of
address is always set to zero. The next seven Class B IP Address?
bits (completing the first octet) complete the
network ID. The remaining 24 bits (the last -->Which Class is
three octets) represent the host ID. reserved for multicast
● Class B:.The two high-order bits in a class B addresses?
address are always set to binary 1 0. The next
14 bits (completing the first two octets)
complete the network ID. The remaining 16
bits (last two octets) represent the host ID.
● Class C: The three high-order bits in a class C
address are always set to binary 1 1
0. The next 21 bits (completing the first
three octets) complete the network ID. The
remaining 8 bits (last octet) represent the host
ID.
● Class D: Class D addresses are reserved for IP
multicast addresses. The four high- order bits
in a class D address are always set to binary 1
1 1 0. The remaining bits are for the address
that interested hosts
recognize.
APPLICATION :
SUMMARY : OSI reference model is to make networks more manageable and to aid the
problem of moving data between computers.And communications
protocol is a system of digital rules for data exchange within or between
computers.
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is the full form of SMTP ?
QUESTION (2) What is the Logical Address?
(3) Explain layer of OSI model
(4) What is the full form of OSI?
REFERENCE :
NEXT LESSON : Concepts of FIREWALL & DHCP Server
Concept Of DHCP Server • Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol --> What is the full form of
DHCP?
• Standard protocol
• Defined by RFC 1541 (superseded by RFC --> What is DHCP ?
2131)
• Runs over UDP
• Utilizing ports:
67 – connections to server
68 – connections to client
• Extension of BOOTP (protocol used for
simple interaction)
• Uses client–server model
• support of dynamic allocation of Network
Addresses
• IP addresses are assigned on-demand
• Avoid manual IP configuration
APPLICATION : Firewalls are software programs or hardware devices that filter the traffic that
flows into you PC or your network through a internet connection. They sift
through the data flow & block that which they deem (based on how & for what
you have tuned the firewall) harmful to your network or computer
system.
SUMMARY : A firewall is a system designed to prevent unauthorized access to or from a
private network or also controls the incoming and outgoing network traffic
ASSIGNMENT/ : (1) What is firewall??
QUESTION (2) What is the full form of DHCP?
(3) What is DHCP ?.
(4) Explain Benefits of DHCP.
REFERENCE :
NEXT LESSON : Concept of Internet, Web Browser, Search Engines & E-Mail Communication
Topic / Aim : Concept of Internet, Web Browser, Search Engines & E-Mail
Communication Objective : (1) Services provided by Internet.
(2) Access Internet
Aids : Chalk, Duster, Computer with Internet
connectivity Preparation :
* Review :
* Intoduction : Internet Services & Application
Motivation : Internet is very famous nowadays for satisfying people with various services
related to each and every different field. It is a very versatile facility which can
help you in completing many tasks easily and conveniently with few clicks.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question
(Ask)
Introduction Of Internet & ● The Internet is the physical connection Ex.
history of millions of networks. 1. Apply for jobs
● It’s the first mass medium that involves or schools
computers and uses digitized data. 2. Fill out
● ARPANET was the network that became government
forms
the basis for the Internet
● loosely hierarchical “network of
3. Check bank accounts
4. Communicate with
networks” family, friends and
● Uses TCP/IP protocols and co- workers
packet switching. 5. Do research
● How To Access Internet: 6. Learn new skills
Computer 7. Read news
Modem 8. Watch videos
Telephone Connection
Shell or TCP/IP account from
the ISP
Internet browser.
WWW(World Wide ● WWW is the acronym for the World Wide Web. -->What is Full Form Of
Web): ● It is also commonly known as ‘The WWW?
Web’.
● The WWW is hypertext based
information retrieval tool.
● The World Wide Web (The Web) is
only a portion of what makes up the internet, but
it is the fastest growing part of the interne
● The functionality of the WWW is based on 3 main
standards:
URL (Universal Resource Locator)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTTP (Hypertext transfer Protocol)
Terminology : ● ISP(Internet Service Provider): --> What is full form of
Provide Internet Connection ISP?
● Browser: programs used to explore the
-->What is URL?
Internet.
● Home Page: First hypertext Document. --> What is full form of
HTML?
● Internet Protocol: Defines rules and
conventions for communication between -->What is full form of
network devices HHTP?
● Hypertext: www is based on this term.
--> Give name of popular web
● HTML: Used to create Web pages. browser.
● HTTP: Hypertext transfer Protocol
● URL: Universal Resource Locators
Web Browser ● A web browser or Internet browser is a Ex .Internet Explorer, Netscape,
software application for retrieving, presenting, Mozilla, Firefox, Opera
and traversing information
resources on the World Wide Web
Search Engine: ● A Web Search Engine is designed to search Ex. Google, Yahoo
for information on the World Wide Web.
● The search results are generally
presented in a line of results
often referred to as search engine results
pages (SERPs).
Email Communication: ● Electronic mail, most commonly Ex. Different e-mail service
referred to as email or e-mail. providers
● It is a method of exchanging digital messages • GMail
from an author to one or more recipients. • Yahoo Mail
Modern email operates across the Internet or
other computer • Hot Mail
networks.
APPLICATION : The Internet changed our life enormously; there is no doubt about that. The
computer is a fix part of every modern office, companies, schools etc and also
at our home and the greatest part has also an access to the Internet.
SUMMARY : The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks
How Cloud Storage ● While cloud storage sounds like it has --> How Cloud Storage
Works? something to do with weather fronts and Works?
storm systems, it really refers to saving
data to an off-site storage system
maintained by a third party. Instead of
storing information to your computer's
hard drive or other local storage device,
you save it to a remote database. The
Internet provides the connection between
your computer and the database.
Types of security
Network layer security
TCP/IP which stands for Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)
aka Internet protocol suite can be made secure
with the help of cryptographic methods and
protocols. These protocols include Secure
Sockets Layer (SSL), succeeded by Transport
Layer Security (TLS) for web traffic, Pretty
Good Privacy (PGP) for email, and IPsec for the
network layer security.
Motivation : Improve content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the
specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share
formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content.
Presentation :
Spot hints /
Topics Information Points Tell
Question (Ask)
About CSS Cascading Style --> What is the full form of
Sheets (CSS). CSS?
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style
sheet language used for describing the --> What is use of CSS?
look and formatting of a document
--> What are the
written in a markup language. advantages of CSS?
CSS is designed primarily to enable the
separation of document content from
document presentation, including
elements such as the layout, colors, and
fonts.
It can also be used to allow the web page
to display differently depending on the
screen size or device on which it is being
viewed.
Before CSS, nearly all of the
presentational attributes of HTML
documents were contained within the
HTML markup; all font colors,
background styles, element alignments,
borders and sizes had to be explicitly
described, often repeatedly, within the
HTML.
How to insert CSS? ● External style sheet: An external style --> What is External and
sheet is ideal when the style is applied to Internal style sheet?
many pages. With an external style sheet,
you can change the look of an entire Web --> What is the use of
site by changing just one file. multiple style sheets?
You have learned how to use CSS to add backgrounds, format text, add and
format borders, and specify padding and margins of elements.
Features of ● FrontPage 2003 consists of a Split View option --> What is DWT ?
FrontPage 2003 to allow the user to code in Code View and
preview in Design View without the hassle of --> What is Split view in
switching from the Design and Code View tabs Frontpage 2003 ?
for each review.
● Dynamic Web Templates (DWT) were
included for the first time in FrontPage 2003
allowing users to create a single template that
could be used across multiple pages and even
the whole Web site.
● Interactive Buttons give users a new easy way
to create Web graphics for navigation and
links, eliminating the need for a complicated
image-editing package such as Adobe
Photoshop
which Microsoft does not sell.
● The accessibility checker gives the user
the ability to check if their code is What is intellisence ?
standards-compliant and that their Web
site is easily accessible for people with
disabilities. An HTML optimizer is
included to aid in optimizing code to
make it legible and quicker to process.
● Indirect Attacks
● Risk Assesment
->Risk analysis
(1)Defining Threats
(2)Defining Vulnerability
(3)Defining Risk Types
->Risk Evaluation
● Risk Treatment.
->Risk Avoidance
->Risk Reduction
->Risk Transfer
->Risk Retention
● Risk Acceptancee
● Risk Communication
:
NEXT LESSON Concept of Cloud Storage & Internet Security