Crystal Feild

Theory >
When the
ligand
-

the approaches it
According
>
-

to CFT CM1
,

ion behave
central metal experiences two
types of
as a the point charge force :

and ①
anionic
ligand Force
of attraction

behave as a -re
point due to the nucleus
o
charge ,
neutral
ligand CM I

behave as a dipole Force

of repulsion due

> blu the to d-orbital

's CM1
-

Interaction

the
CMI and
ligand >
In particular
-

geometry
a

is electrostatic
ligands
in nature near to
are some

d-orbital and
away from
the other d-orbitals
 d-orbital
>
-
So ,
the d-orbitals =
accial
different
-
non-acial
experience
(along the
(b/wthe
different repulsion forces aris) The
different.
they split
into
so
dryds-e dry dyz dza , ,
=
te

energy
set known as
Splitting In Octahedral u

at face centre of
field splitting Ligand -

crystal cube (along the axis)

>

Energy difference
-

between these orbitals is

known
splitting energy
as

(A)
 DoXntegt
CFSE = -0 : 4

+ P EXx
600
Neg
X
.

0 .

Vezg
- no of
e in
tag
in
neg - no of e
eg
extra pair
a >
- no
of
CFSE = -0 .

6 DtXnet
SplittingIn Tetrahedral
xXp S
0 4 DtXntc +
.

Ligand >
- at the corner

(near to
edge electrons filled
of edge he no
of
in e
centre)
no of electrons filled
Next
in t2

x +no
of extra pair
Relation blu Do At Asp
② A Zeff of CMI
,
,
X

Asp > Do >

At 3d - 4d - 5d

Orbital I 2 3
ddfe zefft
464
Ligand Nich Pou Pecly
2 -

D :

=
De
10 Asp
③ AX strength of ligand
WFL
> A for
Factors
affecting splitting A for SFL

Energy A : u (NH)o] > [Cr (H20s]"-

O
altechargeis
D
④ Effect of Geometry
Do > At
Asp >

[e(n)s] < Ky[e(N1z]

+
A :
ku 6 :
[Co(NHs)g] [Co(NHslg]2>

(Octahedral) (Tetrahedral)
Low and Spin
Spin High Isomerism
Complex
L ~
I

Structural Stereo

M Isomer Isamer

Structural Isomer
N
A > P E
.

P ETA
.

A ① Ionization
-
Hydrate/solvate
iii
z
Linkage
coordination
spin
High position
complex ① Coordination
Low Spin
Complex Ligand
Polymerisation
Ionization Isomerism -Hydrate/solvate
same
Isomerism
>
complexes having
-

compound
furnish different complexe
> In
-

MF but
molecule act as
in water
type of ions ageous
inside
ligand
the
medium in such complex

counterion can act as a

coordination sphere
and ligand
can
and act as
crystalling
ligand the
act as
counterion water outside
in
coordination sphere
:

eg ionic lattice

[MER] A = [MLc-1A] L
the
>
-
complexes having
molecular
same
formula
but different no
of
water molecule
inside or outside of the
eg
:

+
coordination sphere
[Dt (NHg) <N]
,

eg [m (20]
:
Bra ↓ +

[PE (NHb)nc]
[m (H20s Br] Br .
H
<
O

Crystalline Coordination Isomerism

water
isomerism
of
>
-
This
Isomerism
type
-Linkage .

arises in compound
cation
>
- In this the complex having complex
contain ambidentate as well as complexe
an ion .
it
ligand
can
because

ligands
>
The
-

are
be coordinated with

different-different donor exchanged between the

cationic and anionic

site with CMI
 molecule other
part of the each are
ligand
isomer
of
(Cr (NHs) · ][Co(CN)b]
each other .
:
eg
eg
:

[Co (NHy(g] [Cu(cN]] NHS

HgN-t X
NH-CH
di
Ligand
Isomerism

isomerism HinX Cr NH-citc

This type of
>
-

occurs
when
the ligand NHs

can show position NHS

isomerism
HgN-t
Lt
o
3 + XNHC ,

>
- The complexes having Cr

same molecular formula

HNY4 ↑
NH-Citc
NHs
containing ligands which

are position isomers of

 Polymerisation Isomer
eg
:
[PE(Hs)Ua]
>

having
-

U
Complexe PE :
NHz : = 1 : 2 : 2

molecular
different
Pe(NH3)u](Eclu]
formula but same
Pt :
NHS C =
2 4 : 4
emperical formula
: :
are

= 1 :
2 : 2

polymer isomer of
each

other

- It is not true isomerism