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Protect Device

The document discusses the importance of protection from excess current in electrical circuits, detailing various types of fuses and circuit breakers used for this purpose. It outlines the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of semi-enclosed fuses, cartridge fuses, and miniature circuit breakers, emphasizing their roles in ensuring safety and preventing electrical faults. Additionally, it covers earthing requirements and the significance of maintaining low impedance in fault conditions to ensure effective operation of protective devices.

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evansoduro123
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3 views

Protect Device

The document discusses the importance of protection from excess current in electrical circuits, detailing various types of fuses and circuit breakers used for this purpose. It outlines the characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of semi-enclosed fuses, cartridge fuses, and miniature circuit breakers, emphasizing their roles in ensuring safety and preventing electrical faults. Additionally, it covers earthing requirements and the significance of maintaining low impedance in fault conditions to ensure effective operation of protective devices.

Uploaded by

evansoduro123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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FA e ; CHAPTER SEVEN i PROTECTION FROM EXCESS CURRENT PROTECTION FROM EXCESS CURRENT ag ayrosult AND PARTING. ofan overoas of a short cireutt, ive current may flow in a cireult t / lefined as a current which exceeds the rated value inan otherwi, from a fault of negligible impedance circuit is an over current resulting, i having a difference in potential under normal operating, conditions. fesult in currents of tivo OF three times the rated current Slowing in the igcuit currents may be hundreds of time greater than the rated current. ° cans of a conductor ; the fuse consists of a short length of suit ice for opening a circuit by m ectional area compared with; through it. In its basic form, 4orm of a wite, which has very sauall cross-s } 1 duty should never be a casual may for able ‘particular fuse for circuit-protectio e considered are:- «than the highest voltage obtain nductors ofthe circuit. | i i ‘of the fuse should be suitable for the cirouit and the type of apparatus to be prot FUSES. of the fuse which should be not les: c conditions, ‘These fall into two categories. First, the ambient temperature wi tional characteristics of the fuses. Secondly, an altitude of £000 m: ‘TERMS USED FOR FUSE! part ofa fuse whici is designed to melt, Fessiod without undue deterioration of the fuse elemeni. This is the minimum ov ai and melt or blow. urrent that will cause the fuse ~element to hea sat of es = Part of a fuse which compris:s a fuse “clement and a cartridge or other contain: aS This is the rati fusit tio of the fusing current to the current rating. Hes ha protective device wi | as OE Resse Sault conattioan gives by the fusing factor of the device, Hh iat protease or fusing a . S. three types of fuse. They are:- rable) fuses manufactured to BS 3036 'd 10 BS 136) and BS 336) ; es (HLB.C. fuses) manvfactured to p oh S 88 SEMI-ENCLOSED FUSES. The semi-enclosed firse consists ofa wire, called the fuse elements, secured between two serew terminals in a fuse carrier, The lise elements is connected in series with theyload and the thickness of the clement is sufficient to carry the normal rated circuit current the miotmal rated | circuit current, When a fault occurs an over current flows and the fuse element becomes hot and * melts or blows. { The designs ofthe fuse carrer and base are also important. They mit ed fiom an over current to dissipate|too quickiy from the element) oth current would be required to blow the fuse. If over-enclosed, heat will ot ‘blow’ ata lower Current. The fig. 5.56\shows a semi-enclosed fuse contractions . Fuse carrier Fuse ——:— elenent 4 Screws securing fuse elenont : - Fig, 5.56 A semi-enclosed fuse. f Advantages. | 1. They are very cheap compared with other protective devices both’ 2. Thore are no mechanical moving part. it “ é 3 { ‘4 ' 3. It is easy to identify a “blow fuse”. | 1 a i : iad Disadvantages. Redes 1.” The fuse element may be replaced with wire of the wrong size either det rately or by accident. 1 eae 4 2. The fime element weakens with age due t0 oxidation, which may result in a fai Aiscel normal operating conditions: | byte f The circuit cannot be restored quickly since the fuse element requires screw ‘fixing. They have low breaking since, in the event of a severe fault, the fault current may vaporize the fuse element and continue to flow in the form of an arc across the fuse terminals. ‘There is a danger from scattering hot metal if the fuse carrier is inserted into. the base when the circuit is faulty f Bh ‘The fuse elements is enclosed in a glass or ceramic tube and secured to chd-caps atiached to the body of the fuse so that they do not blow off when the fuse opers “rat The cartridge fuse breaks a faulty circuit in the same way as a semii-cnclas aN rucion eliminates some ofthe disadvantages experienced with an open-fuse oeaiits. z es fuse construction is illustrated in fig. 5.56. it finds common application for doinestic | © > lustrial loads. As bouse-service cu out fuselink (BS 88), they ase use by supply authorities i efit Puse olenent ‘The declared rating is aco, ‘cal size and no external arcing which permits their use in plog « fers. 1 - iore rapids than rewirable fuses. ive to replace than rewirable fuse elements; d with an incorrect cartridge: ; ay be shorted out by wire or silver foil in extreme:cases of bad practic table where extremely high fpult current may develop. “HIGH BREAKING CAPACITY FUSES. : i imply, these cartridge fises are for protecting circuits whete extres develop such as on industrial installations or distribution systems. ists of several parallel Strips of pure silver encased in a substan ff which are sealed with tinned brass end-caps incorporating fixing filed with silica sand o ensure quigk are extraction. eu an inating devices to show when the fase has blown HIBC fie iz, 5.58. i Fixing lug Mee Blenent. ‘quarts eiaien k i The declared rating is debate F2pid under fault condition, Ver reheat cuttonts safely, Persistent fault and a transiént fault su differenc, fo nine? Are monde to ifferent physical size? > pisadvantages. 1 Theyare very expensive compared to semi-enctosed fuses, MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREA KINGS (BS 3871) Kv ‘These are being increasinpry used for excess current protection in single phase, 30 circuits’ They are deemed by the LE.E, Regulations to provide close excess-ciltrent protection. .| The circuit-breaker is essentially a switch which may be: Opened and close manuatly; ii, __ Opened automatically when overloaded, : An MCB incorporates a thermal and magnetic tripping devices. The load current £161 thermal and the electromagneue mechanism, PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION. ae ~ In normal operation the current is insufficient to operate cither devices, vetload ceeurs, the bimetal strip heats up, Bends and trips mechanism: Whit flows through the coil a strong magnetic flux is set up which trips the mech ~_ The time taken for this action to occur provides an MCB with the abit between an overload which persists for a very short time, for example the starting motor, and an overload due to a fault. The devices only trips when a fault éurrei ‘This slow operating time is ideal for overloads but when a short circuits it is faulty circuit very quickly. This is achieved by the coil electromagnetic devices”? 1 aE citeuit can be testored when the faut is removed by pressing the ON, fogele. + Tripping characteristics and therefore circuit protection are set by installet.? i Gireuit protection is difficult to interfere with 5 circuit is providing with discrimination. le fault circuit may be casily and quickly restored, “f ‘supply may be safely restored by ain unskilled operator. is very expensive

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