CHEMISTRY

Let us learn
about …
Periodic table - groups & periods
Before going to learn this chapter can you answer some
questions?

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any language?

Yes / No
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TELUGU ALPHABET
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ENGLISH ALPHABET
Based on this fact, some scientists considered chemistry as a
language and Periodic table as its alphabet chart
1 2
H He
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
- - - -
Fr Ra Ac* * Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Uuu Uub Uuq Uuh

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
*
Lanthanoids Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu

**
Actinoids 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
 What have you
observed ?

A common growth of
Human
 In the same manner there is a gradual growth in chemistry with the
discovery of elements by scientists

In 1800 only In 1865 ‘63’

‘31’ elements elements were
were there. identified.

At present
‘114’ elements
are known.
To understand the properties of the elements easily
they are classified systematically.
Why do we need to classify elements ?

At present 114 elements

are known. It is very
difficult to study all
elements at a time.

So as to understand the
properties of the
elements easily, they are
classified systematically.
 18 groups VIII
IA VA 2
1 IIA IIIA IVA VIA VIIA He
H
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110
Ac Rf Db -
Fr Ra Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds
59 60 62 64 67 71
*
Lanthanoids 58 61 63 65 66 68 69 70
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
*
Actinoids U Md
Th Pa Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm No Lr
 7 periods Modern Periodic Table or Long form of Periodic Table
1st H He
It consists of ‘7’ periods which are
2nd Li Be horizontal rows B C N O F Ne

3rd Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

4th K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
5th Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

6th Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn

7th Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
 What do we know7 periods
about
Periodic table What is this?
periodic table?
18 18 groups
1
1 2 13 14 15 16 17

2
4 blocks
3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

4
s block p block
5

6
d block
7

f block
Important points of modern periodic table…

The First period of

periodic table consists of
‘2’ Elements

The remaining periods

2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 consist of
8, 8, 18, 18 and 32 elements
respectively.
Important points of modern periodic table…

The seventh period

is incomplete.

‘14’ elements of both 6th and 7th

periods (Lanthanides and
actinides) are placed below the
main body of the periodic table.
Learn group wise [(1 – 2) - (13 – 18)]
elements and period wise (series) elements
of d & f block

Remember atomic numbers also

and work out for electronic
configuration
 18 groups
VIII
IA These are d-block elements
H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He
Li Be B C N O F Ne

Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar

K Ca 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Rb Sr 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd

Cs Ba 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg

Fr Ra 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 -

-
These are f-block
Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds
elements
*
Lanthanoids 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
*
Actinoids 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
 7 periods

1st H He
4d-series elements
2nd Li Be B C N O F Ne
3d-series elements
5d-series elements
3rd Na Mg 6d-series elements Al Si P S Cl Ar
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
4th K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
5th Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
6th Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
110 -
5f-serieselements
4f-series elements
89 104 105 106 107 108 109
7th Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg
58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
1) How many no. of elements present in modern periodic table ?

a) 31

b) 63

c) 114

d) 109
2) No. of periods and no. of groups in modern periodic table ?

a) 7, 18

b) 18, 7

c) 6, 4

d) 7, 7
7 periods (horizontally)

18 periods (Vertically)
3) The shortest period in the periodic table

a) 7th period

b) 6th period

c) 1st period

d) 2nd period
First period consists of ‘2’
elements
4) Actinides are placed ……… the periodic table

a) above

b) below

c) middle

d) none
5) Lanthanides are from atomic number …. to ……

a) 57 - 71

b) 90 - 103

c) 58 - 71

d) 89 - 103
Lanthanides starts after
lanthanum.
 ACTIVITY
CONCENTRATION & CONDUCTIVITY OF THE SOLUTION

 Pure solvent behaves as non conductor

→ shows
conductivity
 Salt solution (solvent + salt)

 Sugar solution (solvent + Sugar) → does not show conductivity

 The solution that has free ions only show conductivity.

 Conductivity depends on the concentration of the solution.

 As concentration increases (amount of solute increases)

conductivity also increases.
 If the solution is diluted conductivity decreases (amount of
solute decreases in given volume)

 If the solution is evaporated (loss of water) then conductivity

increases (amount of solvent decreases).