LET

NOTES
 LET
NOTES
Philippine History
The Philippine National Hero: Dr. Jose Rizal
The Great Plebian: Andres Bonifacio
The Father of the Katipunan: Andres Bonifacio
Hero of the Tirad Pass Battle: Gregorio Del Pilar
President of the First Philippine General Emilio Aguinaldo
Republic
Brains of the Philippine Revolution: Apolinario Mabini
Martyred Priests in 1872: GOMBURZA
Brain of the Katipunan: Emilio Jacinto
Co-founder of La Independencia: General Antonio Luna
Mother of Balintawak: Melchora Aquino
Tandang Sora: Melchora Aquino
Greatest Filipino Orator of the Graciano Lopez- Jaena
Propaganda Movement:
First Filipino Cannon-maker: Pandar Pira
Managing Editor of La Solidaridad: Mariano Ponce
Lakambini of Katipunan: Gregoria de Jesus
Poet of the Revolution: Fernando Ma. Guerrero
Outstanding Diplomat of the First Felipe Agoncillo
Philippine Republic:
First University of the Philippines Rafael Palma
President:
Greatest Filipino Painter: Juan Luna
Greatest Journalist of the Marcelo H. del Pilar
Propaganda Movement:
First Filipino Poetess: Leona Florentino
Peace of the Revolution: Pedro Paterno
Founder of Philippine Socialism: Isabelo Delos Reyes
Viborra: Artemio Ricarte
Author of the Spanish lyrics of Jose Palma
the Philippine National
Anthem:
Chief of Tondo: Lakandola
The Last Rajah of Manila: Rajah Soliman
Fiancée of Jose Rizal: Leonor Rivera
Maker of the First Filipino Flag: Marcela Agoncillo
Co-founder of Katipunan: Galicano Apacible
Leader of the Ilocano Revolt: Diego Silang
First Filipino Hero: Lapu-lapu
Leader of the Longest Revolt in Bohol: Francisco Dagohoy
The Man of Many Talents: Epifanio Delos Santos
Prince of Tagalog Poets: Francisco Baltazar
Visayan Joan of Arc: Teresa Magbanua
Mother of Biak-na-Bato: Trinidad Tecson
Wife of Artemio Ricarte: Agueda Esteban
Leader of the Tarlac Revolt: Gen. Francisco Makabulos
Composer of the Philippine Julian Felipe
National Anthem:
Spaniards born in the Philippines: Insulares
Leader of Magdalo: Baldomero Aguinaldo
Leader of Magdiwang: Mariano Alvarez
Founder of La Liga Filipina: Jose Rizal
 LET
Painter of the Spolarium: NOTES Juan Luna
 LET
NOTES
Rizal's Life and Works
José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda
 Pepe - Rizal's nickname
 June 19, 1861 - birth date
 December 30, 1896 - date of death at 35 yrs
 June 22, 1861 - baptism date
 More or less 22 languages he can speak
 Uzman - his black dog;
 Alipato - pony old
 Laong Laan - pen name used in newspaper "La Solidaridad";
means ever ready
 Dimasalang - another pen name, untouchable which means
 Berlin, Germany (1887) - Noli Me Tangere was published
 Ghent, Belgium (1891) - El Filibusterismo was published
 Philippine Commission (Taft Commission) - proclaimed Rizal as the
national hero
 Maximo Viola - savior of Noli Me Tangere; loaned Rizal #300 for 2,000
copies
 Valentin Ventura - savior of El Filibusterismo
 Luis Taviel de Andrade - lawyer of Rizal during his trial
 Tondo - katipunan was founded
 Kalayaan - newspaper of KKK
 Rebellion and Organizing Illegal Societies - crimes of Rizal
 Paco Cemetery - where Rizal was buried
 Narcisa - patiently searched to find his body; and only sister who can
recite from memory all his poem
 Ricardo Canicero - guarded Rizal in Dapitan (he gave him freedom)
 Concepcion/Concha - sister who died at age 3 due to sickness, one
of his greatest heartbreak
 Maria - sister who lived up to 1950s
 7/11 Siblings - Saturnina, Paciano, Narcisa, Olympia, Lucia, Maria,
Jose Rizal, Concepcion, Josefa, Trinidad, Soledad
 St. John (20:17) - bible verse where he took the term "Touch Me Not"
 Fort Santiago - prison cell of Rizal
 Doña Consolacion - laundry woman before her marriage to the
officer of the Guardia Civil; known as the Muse of Guardia Civil;
abused Sisa and a wife of an Alferez
 Don Tiburcio - Spanish husband of Doña Victorina who was limp and
submissive to his wife and pretends to be a doctor
 Don Anastacio - Ibarra seeks advice from
 Pare Salvi - priest admirer of Maria Clara
 Pedro - father of Crispin and Basilio; became addicted to cockfighting
 Eibarramendia - real surname of Crisostomo Ibarra
 Linares - Maria Clara's would-be fiancé
 Basilio - became an aspiring doctor in El Fili
 Isagani - a poet and Basilio's best friend who was dumped by Paulita
Gomez
 Juliana de Dios (Juli) - girlfriend of Basilio, youngest daughter of
Kabesang Tales
 Guryon - favorite design of Kite that is of Malay origin
 LET
 Claro M. Recto - authoredNOTES
Rizal law (RA 1425)
 LET
 Magsaysay -
NOTES
signed RA 1425 on June 12, 1956
 8 yrs old- he can read and write age wrote Sa Aking Mga Kababata
 9 yrs old - he wrote the poem A Mother's Birthday (Her request)
 Abraham Ibañez (Ben Zayb) - a journalist who thinks he's the only one
thinking about the Philippines.
 Don Custodio - ordinary fellow who married a rich woman to be a
member of Manila's high society; a famous journalist
 Simoun - reincarnated as a wealthy jeweler, bent on starting a revolution
 Carthaginian - empire which he became the emperor of Through
Education Our Motherland Received Light - poem which suggested
that education is an integral part of national character
 A la Virgen Maria - 1st sad poem
 Atty Pasta - great lawyer of mid-Hispanic Manila
 Quiroga - Chinese businessman who hide weapons inside his house
 Placido Penitente - student of UST who was always miserable
 Consumatum Est - last words of Rizal which means "It Is Finish"
 Leoncio Lopez - signed Rizal's baptism
 Juan Mercado - grandfather in father side
 Domingo Lamco - paternal ancestor (Chinese; Chinchew district)
 Ricial - means rice field
 Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos - List of produced and published names
 R.C 1849 - giving Spanish surnames to Filipino (Narcisco Claveria)
 Colegio de San Juan de Letran - took the entrance exam prior to
Ateneo; passed
 Manuel Burgos - pamangkin of Fr. Burgos; helped Rizal to get in Ateneo
 Magin Fernando - registrar that denied Rizal in Ateneo
 Philo. and Medicine - two simultaneous courses in UST
 Nov. 25, 1881 - issued to him the licensure in surveying
 A La Juventud Filipina - silver pen
 Beside the Pasig - satirical play in Dec. 8, 1880
 The Council of the Gods - allegory won, but was replaced with Spanish art
 May 3, 1882 - first voyage using SS Salvado Ship
 Universidad Central de Madrid - studied Medicine
 Academy de San Carlos - studied painting and sculpture while
studying in UCDM
 Pastor Ullmer at Wilhemsfield - protestant German pastor who
befriended him, stayed at his vicarage where Noli was finished
 Academy de San Carlos - studied painting and sculpture while
studying in UCDM
 Academia de Bella Artes de San Fernando - enrolled drawing classes
 Mr. Haes - professor in drawing
 Count of Monte Cristo - by Alexander Dumas 1st foreign book he read
 July 5, 1887 - started his journey to go back in the Philippines after
Noli was published
 Ferdinand Blumentritt - Austrian best friend whom he always confides
with through letters
 Louis de Wecker - ophthalmologist tutor in Paris
 Otto Becker - ophthalmologist mentor in Germany
 April 22, 1886 - wrote his poem The Flower of Heidelberg
 LET
 NOTES
The Philippines A Century Hence - essay about his prophecies on
the condition of Ph.
 They Ask Me for Verses - product of all melancholy of his aching soul
 Governor-General Ramon Blanco - permit Rizal to go to Cuba as a Doctor
 Governor-General Eulogio Despujol - ordered Rizal's exilea eka in Dapitan
 Governor-General Camilo de Polavieja- ordered Rizal's executioni
 Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo - lead the Cavite Mutiny
/execution of GOMBURZA
 Noli Me Tangere - first written novel; published in Berlin, Germany
(1887); means "Touch Me Not"; English Title: The Social Cancer
 El Filibusterismo - published in Ghent, Belgium (1891); means
"Subversive"; English Title: The Reign of Greed
 Father Pedro Casañas - Godfather of Rizal
 Father Rufino Collantes - baptized Rizal
 February 15, 1889 - Founding date of La Solidaridad
 November 15, 1895 - Last issue of La Solidaridad
 July 14, 1892 - exile date in Dapitan
 La Liga Filipina - secret society founded by Rizal
 July 3, 1892 - founding date of La Liga Filipina
 Jose Maria Basa - helped Rizal in preparing the constitution of La liga
Filipina; smuggler of his novels
 Hongkong - Rizal conceived the idea of establishing La Liga Filipina
 A La Juventud Filipina - "To the Filipino Youth"; dedicated to the
liberal minded students at the UST
 Emilio Aguinaldo - made December 30 as Day of National Mourning
 Penafrancia - Don Kiko brought Rizal to this in 1868
 Biñan - started his formal schooling
 Calamba - early schooling/education
 2 yrs and 6 months - mother was imprisoned due to allegedly
poisoning her cousin-in-law
 Serious nature, frugality, love for children - Hereditary influences from
his Chinese ancestry
 Scientific ability, religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice, passion for arts
and literature - inherited from his mother (more on mental process)
 Profound sense of self respect, habit of independent thinking, love for
work - inherited from his father
 Innate desire to travel, love for freedom, indomitable courage - inherited
from Malayan (Filipino) ancestry Elegance of bearing, sensitivity to
insult and gallantry to ladies - inherited from Spanish ancestry
 Capitan Tiago - father of Maria Clara; became drug addict and
frequently visited Calle Fumadero in Tondo (where Chinese addicts
were allowed to smoke opium) Segunda Katigbak - Miss K, first love
(childhood) but was fixed marriage with Manuel Luz
 Leonor Rivera - the greatest love, engaged with him but married
Henry Kipping' inspiration in Mara Clara
 Suzanne Jacoby - Belgian that led him to continue writing El Fili
 Josephine Bracken - called her his "wife" and "estrangera"; they met
in Dapitan (Francisco - their child)
 Consuelo Ortia y Perez - casual relationship; daughter of liberal
minded Spanish official
 LET
 NOTES
Maestro Celestini, Lucas Padua, Leon Monroy – his teachers who gave
him introduction lessons in Latin (homeschool)
 Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe – inspiration of Noli
Me Tangere
 Paciano Rizal – Pilosopo Tasyo
 Richard Kissling – Swiss sculptor of Rizal monument
 Draco rizali – flying dragon
 Rachophorus rizali – tree frog
 Spathomeles rizali – beetle
 Makimasa – unfinished novel
 Mi Ultimu Adios – farewell poem by Rizal; translated as
Pahimakas by Bonifacio
 La Indolencia de Los Filipinos – poem written as a Defense
against the Spaniards who charged that the Filipinos are inherently
lazy
 Php 20,000 – lottery won by Rizal
 Fray Jose Rodriguez – first Spanish friar to attack his novels
 Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo – took Rizal’s vital sign and pulse rate
before the execution
 LET
NOTES
Social Science
 Simeon Ola – the man who would lead the Bicolano’s fight for
their freedom; last general of the Philippines to surrender to the
American forces after the Philippine-American War
 Macario Sakay – first president of the Tagalog Republic; was
executed because of the Brigandage Act of 1902
 Gregorio Aglipay – founder of Philippine Independent Church
(Aglipayan Church)
 Aglipayan Church – religious institution is the only living remnant
of the Philippine
 Isabelo delos Reyes – co-founder of Philippine Independent
Church; established the Union Obrera Democratica
 Union Obrera Democratica – first labor union
 Baldomero Aguinaldo – President of Magdalo Faction
 Mariano Alvarez – President of Magdiwang Faction
 Manuel Tinio Y Bundoc – Youngest General of the Filipino
Revolutionary Army.
 Ramon Basa – second President of the Katipunan
 Antionio Pigafetta – writer of Magellan
 Enrique of Malacca – interpreter of Magellan
 Daniel Terona – provoked Andres Bonifacio
 Apolionario Mabini – chief advisor of Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo
 Felipe Agoncillo – First Filipino Diplomat
 Francisco Zaldua – stand witness against GomBurZa during the Cavite
Mutiny
 Melchora Aquino – ina ng Katipunan
 Marcela Agoncillo – nagtahi ng Ph flag
 Gregoria de Jesus – Lakambini ng Katipunan
 Teresa Magbanua – Visayan Joan of Arc
 Aguada Cahabagan – Tagalog Joan of Arc
 Monica – first wife of Bonifacio
 Andres Bonifacio – Supremo ng Katipunan; the Great Plebian
 Julio Nakpil – best friend ni Bonifacio
 Emilio Jacinto – Utak ng Katipunan
 Apolinario Mabini – Utak ng Himagsikan
 Gregorio del Pilar – boy general and hero of Tirad Pass
 Bicameralism – Jones Law; present congress
 Unicameralism – 2 chambers combine into 1
 Parliamentary – legislative and executive combined and controlled by 1
 Blood Compact in Bohol – Sikatuna and Legaspi
 Blood Compact in Limasawa – Magellan and Kulambo
 La Spoliarium – Juan Luna
 La Independence – Antionio Luna
 Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa – Andres Bonifacio
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – Andres Bonifacio
 Fray Botod – Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Ninay – Pedro Paterno
 El Vidadero Decalogo – Apolinaro Mabini
 Amor Patrio – Jose Rizal
 Fraylocracia – Marcelo H. del Pilar
 LET
 NOTES
Dasalan at Toksohan – Marcelo H. del Pilar
 LET

NOTES
Bibliotica Filipina – Padre de Tavera
 La Solidaridad – triumverate (Rizal, Jaena, del Pilar); newspaper of La
Liga Filipina
 KALAYAAN – newspaper of Katipunan
 Estado de las Islas Filipinas in 1810 – Thomas de Comyn; cultural
economic of the Philippines
 Doctrina Christiana – Juan de Plasencia; The First Book Printed
in the Philippines
 Historia de las Islas Filipinas - Antonio de Morga
 Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas – Antonio de Morga
 Relacion de las Islas Filipinas – Miguel de Loarce, teach.eka material
culture
 Historia General de Filipinas – Jose Vidal; Philippines as a province of
Spain
 Remarks on the Philippine Islands – Henry Pedington
 Historia de la Provincial delos Santo Rosario – Fr. Diego de
Advante; showcased missionary works

Perspective on Philippine Contemporary

 Historiography – Leslie Brazon
 Pamathalaan – Connie Alaras
 Veneracion Without Understanding – Renato Constantino
 Communal Democracy – Renato Constantino
 Contracting Colonialism – Vicente Rafael
 Milagros Guerrero – emphasized that history should deal with
articulation of conscious experience
 Reynaldo Illeto – Pasyon and Revolution
 Zeus Salazar – used Filipinos in Historical discourse
 Renato Constantino – “peoples are primary movers of history”
 Teodoro Agoncillo – positivist approach in writing history
 Gregorio Zalde – Dean of Historiographers
 Biografia de Rizal – Rafael Palma
 The Great Malayan – Carlos Quirino
 Jose Rizal: Life and Times – Camilo Osias
 Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writing – Gregorio F. Zaide
 The First Filipino: A Biography of Jose Rizal – Leon Ma. Guerrero
 LET
NOTES
Sagisag Panulat
 Jose Rizal – Dimasalang, Agno, Laong Laan
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar – Plaridel, Piping Dilar, Siling Labuyo, Dolores
Manapat, Cupang, Maytiyaga, Patos
 Graciano Lopez Jaena – Bolivar, Diego Laura
 Andres Bonifacio – Agapito, Bagumbayan, May Pag-asa, Magdiwang
 Apolinario Mabini – Bini, Paralitiko, Katabay
 Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo
 Emilio Jacinto - Katipunan
 Juan Luna – J.B, Buan Pingkian, Dimas; ilaw,
 Antonio Luna – Taga-llog
 Mariano Ponce - Nanding, Kalipulako, Tikbalang
 Amado V. Hernandez - Julio Abrii, Amante Ernani, Herininia de la Riva
 Lope K. Santos - Doktor Lukas, Anak-bayan, Lakandalita
 Severino Reyes – Lola Basyang
 Jose Ma. Panganiban - Memoria Fotografika
 Jose de Jesus – Huseng Batute
 Jose dela Cruz – Huseng Sisiw Jomapa, JMP;
 Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila
 Jose Garcia Villa – Goveglion
 Jesus Balmori – Batikuling
 Florantino Collantes – Kuntil Butil
 Nestor Vicente - Madali Gonzales, NVM Gonzales
 Valeriano Peña - Ahas na Tulog, Anong, Damulag, Dating Alba, Isang
Dukha, Kalampag and Kintin Kulirat
 Fernando Ma. Guerrero – Fulvio, Gi, Florisel, eka Hectorat Tristan
 Virgilio Almario – Rio Alma
 LET
NOTES
FIGURE OF SPEECH
1) SYNECDOCHE - an association of some important part with the
whole it represents.
o Example: The face who launched a thousand ships.
2) SIMILE - an indirect association.
o Example: She is like a flower.
3) PERSONIFICATION - giving human attributes to an inanimate object
(animal, idea, etc.)
o Example: The sun is looking down on me.
4) OXYMORON - a self-contrasting statement.
o Example: Loud silence
5) METONYMY - an association wherein the name of something is
substituted by something that represents it.
o Example: Toothpaste is sometimes called Colgate.
6) METAPHOR - a direct comparison.
o Example: You are the sunshine of my life.
7) IRONY - the contrast between what was expected and what actually
happened.
o Example: No smoking sign during a cigarette break.
8) HYPERBOLE - an exaggeration.
o Example: Cry me a river.
9) EUPHEMISM - creating a positive connotation out of something negative.
o Example: Comfort women (prostitute)
10)ELLIPSIS - omission of words in a sentence.
o Example: She walked away and so the world turns....
11)ASYNDETON - not putting any connectors (conjunctions or prepositions).
o Example: No retreat, no surrender
12) APOSTROPHE - a direct address to an abstract things or a person
who passed away.
o Example: Love, please come and take me!
 LET
NOTES
LITERATURE
 Folklore - traditionally derived and orally transmitted literature
 Folktales - reflect the people's beliefs handed down from
generation to generation by word of mouth
 Epilogue - conclusion or final part of non-dramatic literary work
 Genre - distinctive type of literary composition such as epic, tragedy,
comedy & novel
 "Quo Vadis" - means "where are you going"
 Hieroglyphics - oldest form of Egyptian writing
 Allegory - narrative whose meaning is beneath the surface
 Elegy - a meditated poem of grief
 Sonnet - verse w/14 iambic pentameter lines
 Epic - long poem w/c depicts the adventure of a great hero who
reveals his country's aspirations; narrates heroic deeds and
supernatural happenings w/local actor in w/c people sing/chant
 Soliloquy - speech made by a person who reveals his thoughts
 Manuel Arcilla - "How my brother Leon brought home a wife"
 Washington Irving - "The Legend of a Sleepy Hollow"
 Fall of the house of usher - hypochondriac living in morbid fear
 Cyrano de Bergerac - poet & soldier noted for his Peculiar nose
 "The Iliad of Homer" - great epic poem whose plot centers around the
anger & wrath of Achilles against Agamemnon
 "The Bells" - "If eyes are made for seeing, then beauty is its own
excuse for being"
 Cacophony - literary term w/c means harsh & discordant sounds
introduced for poetic effect
 George Bernard Shaw - known for his excellence of
characterization, swiftness of narrative & clarity of style.
 Edgar Allan Poe - greatest American writer of horror and detective stories
 Rabindranath Tagore - best known for his collection of poems
called Gitanjali/song offerings
 Robert Frost - ranked as one of the best modern American poets.
 Geoffrey Chaucer - Morning Star of English Literature
 Mark Twain - "Samuel Clemens"
 Harriet Stowe - "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
 Charles Darwin - Origin of species
 Lazlo Biro - invented the ball point pen
 Harry Potter - epic kind of story
 William Shakespeare – Greatest English writer; Greatest sonnet
writing; The Bard of Avon; Writings:
1. Romeo and Juliet – ill starred-lovers from warring family
2. Macbeth – ambition for power
3. Hamlet – indecision (to be or not to be)
 Edgar Allan Poe – Father of Horror Stories; Father of Detective
Stories; Writings: The Raven; Anabelle Lee; Montellado
 Homer – Mythical Geographer; Writings: Iliad and Odyssey
 William Sydney Porter – “O. Henry”; Writings: The Last Leaf, The
Gift of Magi
 Christopher Marlowe – Father of English Tragedy
 LET
 Geoffrey Chaucer – NOTES
Father of English Literature; Morning Star of
English Literature; Writings: Canterbury Tales
 Edgar Allan Poe – Father of Horror/Detective Stories
 Guy de Maupassant – French Foremost Short Story Writer
 Michael de Montaigne – Father of Essay
 Francis Bacon – Father of English Essay
 Washington Irving – Father of American Literature
 Henry Fielding – Sir Walter Scott; Father of the English novel
 Rabindranath Tagore – Indian National Poet; First Asian to win a
Noble prize; Writing: Gitanjali
 Kalidasa – Shakespeare of India; Greatest sanskrit poet
 Nelson Mandala – model of forgiveness; dream = democracy;
trait = forgiveness; method = nonviolence; campaign unity
 Samuel Clemens – known as Mark Twain
 Wale Soynika – first black Nigerian writer awarded in Nobel 1986
 Yasunari Kawabata – Japanese poet (1968 Nobel)
 Matsuo Basho – Supreme Japanese haiku poet
 Tatamkhulu Afrika – novelist and provate winning poet in Egypt
 Thales of Miletus – first man to replace myth with natur laws
 Elizabeth Barrett Browning – wrote “Sonnets from the Portuguese”
 Nick Joaquin – also known as “Quijano de Manila”; depicts Filipino-
Spanish cultural beliefs
 Jose Garcia Villa – first Filipino National Artist for Literature
(1973); “Art for art’s sake”
 Bienvenido Santos - reflects Filipino’s concept of Americal culture
 Luis San Pedro – composer from Angono, Rizal with National Artist Award

VOCABULARY
Emulate - imitate Dubious - doubtful
Vouchsafe - grant Incriminates - accuse
Abeyance - suspended Frivolous - worthless
Denigrate - malign Susceptible - inclined
Furtive - sneaky Impertinent - irrelevant
Remonstrate - protest Ostracized - excluded
Corroborate - confirm Conglomeration - diffusion
Gullible - easily deceived Cacophonous - loud and
unpleasant
Germane - relevant Carnal - worldly
Plebeian - common Aplomb - composure
Vulpine - cunning Candor - honesty
Spendthrift - spender Contemptuous - scornful
Impolitic - unwise Feeble - weak
Terse - concise Inevitable - certain
Parsimonious - stingy Pariah - outcast
Stupefy - make numb Wizened - shriveled
 LET
NOTES
FILIPINO
 Ang panubong - handog sa dalagang may kaarawan (koronang bulaklak)
 Florante at Laura - (awit) "katiwalian ng mga kastila"
 Jose dela Cruz - tungkod ng tulang tagalog
 Noli Me Tangere - (Rizal) suliraning panlipunan ng bayan
 "Doktrina Kristiyana" - Fr. Domingo de Nieva, unang aklat na
nalimbag sa pilipinas
 Severino Reyes - Ama ng dulaang tagalog
 Juan Luna - La Spolarium
 "Alim" - pinakamatandang epiko ng pilipinas
 Jose Palma - naglikha ng "Himno Nacional Filipino"
 Liwayway - nabigyan ng pagpapahalaga ang sariling wika
 Lope K. Santos - "Ama ng balarila ng pilipino"
 Andres Bonifacio - "anak bayan"
 Pupdok/Kinting kulirat - hindi kailanman ginamit ni Marcelo del Pilar
 Teodoro Agoncillo - isang kilalang manunulat ng kasaysayan
 Manuel Quezon - Ama ng Wikang Pambansa
 Constancio de Guzman - lumikha ng awit na "Ang Bayan Ko"
 Pascual Poblete - Ama ng pahayagang tagalog
 Vicente Sotto – Father of Cebuano Letters and Cebuano Language
 Manuel E. Arsenio - Father of Philippine Folklore
 Hermogenes llagan - Father of Tagalog Zarzuela and Philippine Zarzuela
 Deogracia Rosario - Father of Tagalog Short Story
 Antonio “Troy” Velasquez – Father of Tagalog Comics
 Cecilio Lopez – Father of Philippine Linguistics
 Carlos Bulosan - Father of Filipino-American Literature
 Marcelo H. del Pilar - Father of Philippine Journalism and Philippine
Masonry
 Jose Nepumuceno - Father of Philippine movies
 Julian Manansala – Father of the Nationalistic Film
 Tomas Pinpin - first to publish and print book
 Francisco Baltazar - the Father of Tagalog Poetry
 Alejandro Abadilla - the Father of Modern Tagalog Poetry and
Modern Tagalog Prose; “Ama ng Manggagawa”
 Amado Hernandez – Luha ng Buwaya
 Pascual Poblete - Father of Filipino Newspaper
 Pedro Bukaneg - the Father of Ilocano Literature
 Bukanegan – Ilocano balagtasan
 Juan Crisostomo Sotto - Father of Pampango Literature
 Jose Corazon de Jesus – Hari ng Balagtasan
 Severino Reyes – Ama ng Zarsuelang Tagalog h.ekal
 Lope K. Santos – nagbalangkas ng Abakada; Ama ng Wikang
Pambanda; Ama ng Bararila
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NOTES
Philippine Literature
 Ninay – Pedro Paterno
 Makamisa – Jose Rizal
 Banaag at Sikat – Lope K. Santos
 Barlaan at Josaphat- Antonio Borja
 Urbana at Feliza – Epistolary, Modesto de Castro
 Sa Pula, Sa Puti – Francisco Rodrigo
 Miss Phathupats – Juan Crisostomo Sotto
 Graduation – F. Sionil Jose
 How My Brother Brought Home a Wife – Manuel Aguilla
 My Father Goes to Court – Carlos S. Bulusan
 Si Mabuti – Genoveva Matute
 Aloha – Deogracias Rosario
 Ang Sampaguitang Walang Bango – Iñigo Ed Regalado
 Lupang Tinubuan – Jose Maria Panganiban
 Flora de Filipinas – Manuel Blanco
 Ako ang Daigdig – Alejandro Abadilla
 El Guinto de Pueblo – Jose Palma
 Uhaw and Tigang na Lupa – Liwayway Arceo
 Dalagang Bukid – Hermogenes llagan
 Dekada 70 – Lualhati Bautista
 Bata, Bata, Paano ka Ginawa – Lualhati Bautista
 Satanas sa Lupa – Celso Al Carunungan
 Tanikalang Ginto - Juan Abad Santos; unang itinanghal noong
panahon ng Dula Na Amerikano
 Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas – Aurelio Tolentino
 A Child of Sorrow – Zorio Galang
 Dead Stars – Paz Marquez Benites; Model of Perfection
 Bodabil - dulo na pinaghalong awit, sayaw, drama, katatawanan
 Indarapatra at Sulayman – alamat ng Mindanao.
 Hudhud – epiko ng mga Ifugao
 Alim - piko ng mga Ifugao; pagpapakasal ng Magkapatid
 Hinilawod – epiko ng Panay