ACS IBA QUANTITATIVE

Ratio and Proportion

Ratios
Ratios are a fundamental concept in mathematics that compares two quantities. They are often
written as a colon (a:b), a fraction (a/b), or as "a to b." For example, if there are three red apples
and five green apples, the ratio of red apples to green apples is 3:5.

Example: If a recipe calls for 2 cups of flour to 1 cup of sugar, the ratio of flour to sugar is:

Colon notation: 2:1

2
Fraction: 1
Phrase: "2 to 1"

This means that for every 2 cups of flour, you need 1 cup of sugar.

Types of Ratio
1. Equivalent Ratios: Ratios that represent the same comparison, even if they have
different numerical values. For example, 2:3, 4:6, and 6:9 are equivalent ratios.
2. Simplifying Ratios: Reducing a ratio to its simplest form by dividing both parts by their
greatest common divisor (GCD). For instance, 12:18 can be simplified to 2:3.
3. Part-to-Whole Ratios: Compare a part of something to the whole. For example, if there
are 5 blue and 3 red marbles in a jar, the ratio of blue marbles to all marbles is 5:8.
4. Part-to-Part Ratios: Compare one part of something to another part. In the same
example, the ratio of blue and red marbles is 5:3.

Exercise

A map has a scale of 1 inch: 10 miles. If two cities are 5 inches apart on the map, how far
apart are they?

Solution: Given, 1 inch on the map = 10 miles in reality

Distance on the map: 5 inches
So, Actual distance: 5 inches × 10 miles/inch = 50 miles

Therefore, the two cities are 50 miles apart in reality.

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Proportions
Proportions are equations that state that two ratios are equal. They are often written as a:b =
c:d. For example, if the ratio of boys to girls in a class is 2:3 and there are 12 boys, then the
number of girls can be found by setting up the proportion 2:3 = 12:x and solving for x.

Types of Proportions

1. Direct Proportion:
When two quantities increase or decrease together at the same rate.
For example, if you increase a car's speed, the distance it travels in a given time will also
increase proportionally.
2. Inverse Proportion:
When one quantity increases as the other decreases, or vice versa.
For example, if you increase the number of workers on a project, the time it takes to complete
it will decrease proportionally.

Solving Proportions

Proportions are often used to solve problems involving unknown quantities. To solve a
proportion, you can cross-multiply the means and extremes. If a:b = c:d, then ad = bc.

Example: If 3 apples cost $5, how much would 12 apples cost?

Set up the proportion: 3:5 = 12:x

Cross-multiply: 3x = 60

Solve for x, Now x = 20. Therefore, 12 apples would cost $20.

Types of Proportion
There are two main types of proportion:

1. Direct Proportion:

When two quantities increase or decrease together at the same rate.

For example, if you increase the speed of a car, the distance it travels in a given time will also
increase proportionally.

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Few more examples: Speed and distance, price and quantity, hours worked etc (we will be
discussing more of these in exercise)

In a direct proportion, the ratio of the corresponding values of the two quantities remains
constant.

Example of Direct Proportion:

If a car travels 100 miles in 2 hours, how far will it travel in 4 hours?

The distance traveled is directly proportional to the time taken.

100 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠 200 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑠

=
2 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠

2. Inverse Proportion:

When one quantity increases as the other decreases, or vice versa.

For example, if you increase the number of workers on a project, the time it takes to complete
the project will decrease proportionally.

Few more examples: project time and number of workers hired, time and speed,
food/water/supplies and number of people

In an inverse proportion, the product of the corresponding values of the two quantities
remains constant.

Example of Inverse Proportion:

If 5 workers can complete a job in 8 days, how many workers are needed to complete the same
job in 4 days?

The number of workers is inversely proportional to the time taken.

5 workers × 8 days = 10 workers × 4 days

Basic Ratio and Proportion Theory Problems

Ratio is a comparison of two quantities. It is expressed as a:b or a/b.
Proportion is an equation stating that two ratios are equal.

It is expressed as a:b = c:d or a/b = c/d.

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1. Finding the Missing Term in a Proportion

If 3:4 = x:12, find the value of x.

Solution:

We can solve this problem by cross-multiplying. This means multiplying the numerator of one
ratio by the denominator of the other ratio and setting it equal to the product of the other
numerator and denominator.
3 × 12 = 4 × x
36 = 4x
x=9

2. Simplifying a Ratio

Simplify the ratio 12:18.

Solution:

To simplify a ratio, we need to find the Highest Common Factor (HCF) of the two terms and
divide both terms by the HCF.

HCF (12, 18) = 6

12 18
: = 2:3
6 6

3. Solving Problems Involving Ratios

A recipe calls for 2 cups of flour for every 3 cups of sugar. If you use 6 cups of flour, how many
cups of sugar do you need?

Solution:

We can set up a proportion to solve this problem. The proportion will be:

2 cups of flour : 3 cups of sugar = 6 cups of flour : x cups of sugar

Cross-multiplying, we get:
2×x=3×6
2x = 18
x=9

Therefore, you need 9 cups of sugar.

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Past Year Questions:

1. The ratio of ¼ to ⅗ is [IBA BBA 93-94]
(A)1 to 3 (B)3 to 2 (C)5 to 12 (D)3 to 4 (E)5 to 4

2. If x:y=y:z =1.5 and z=2, what is the value of x? [IBA BBA 94-95]
(A)3 (B) 4 (C) 4.5 (D)2.5 (E)5

3. A jar contains 10 pencils. Some sharpened and some unsharpened. Each of the following
could be the ratio of sharpened to unsharpened pencils, except. [IBA BBA 96-97]
(A)9:1 (B)5:1 (C)4:1 (D)3:2 (E)1:1

4. Given that (p+7q)/4p = 19/20, what is the ratio q:p? [IBA BBA 97-98]
(A)2:7 (B)2:5 (C)2:4 (D)1:3 (E)1:2

5. If A: B = 1:2, B: C = 4: 3 and A+B+C = 630, what is the value of A? [IBA BBA 99-00]
(A)70 (B)80 (C)100 (D) 120 (E) 140

6. If 25% of x equals 30% of y and 24 % of y equals 20% of Z, what is the ratio of x to z?

[IBA BBA 01-02]
(A)1.2 (B)1 (C)0.8 (D) .75 (E) None of these

7. A box contains 24 balls, some red and some black. Each of the following could be the
ratio of red to black balls except. [IBA MBA 02-03]
(A) 1:1 (B)3:1 (C)5:3 (D)4:3 (E)5:1

𝒚𝒙 𝒚𝟐 𝟏
8. If 𝒛𝟐
= 27 and 𝒛𝒙= 𝟑√𝟑, what is the ratio of z to y? [IBA BBA 02-03]
1
(A)√3 (B) 3√3 (C) (D) 1 (E) None of these
√3

9. If 30% of (x - y) = 20% of (x + y), then what is the ratio of x to y? [IBA MBA 17-18]
(A)5:1 (B) 3:1 (C) 4:1 (D) 5:2 (E) None of these

Answers of past year questions

1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 5.E 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.A

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1
1 3 4
1. The ratio of 4 to 5 = 3
5
1 5
=4×3
5
= 12, which translates to 5 to 12.
So, the correct answer is (C)

2. Given,
x:y = y:z = 1.5 and z = 2

𝑦
Therefore, = 1.5
𝑧
=> y= 1.5 x z = 1.5 x 2 = 3
Again, x:y = 1.5
=> x = 1.5y = 3 x 1.5 = 4.5
So, the correct answer is (C)

3. The jar contains 10 pencils, so the sum of the number of sharpened and unsharpened pencils
must equal 10.
Option A: 9 sharpened pencils and 1 unsharpened pencil, which sums up to 10.
Option B: 5 sharpened pencils and 1 unsharpened pencil, which sums up to 6.
Option C: 4 sharpened pencils and 1 unsharpened pencil, which sums up to 5.
Option D: 3 sharpened pencils and 2 unsharpened pencils, which sums up to 5.
Option E: 1 sharpened pencil and 1 unsharpened pencil, which sums up to 2.

Therefore, the only option that cannot be the ratio of sharpened to unsharpened pencils is option
B: 5:1. The sum of 5 and 1 is 6, which is less than the total number of pencils (10).

So, the correct answer is (B)

4. Given,
(𝑝+7𝑞) 19
= 20
4𝑝
or, 20(p+7q)=19 x 4p
or, 20p+140q=76p
or, 140q=56p
𝑞 56 2
or, 𝑝 = 140 = 5

So, the correct answer is (B)

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5. Given, A:B = 1:2 and B:C = 4:3

Multiplying A:B by 4 and B:C by 2 will yield

A:B = 4:8 and B:C = 8:6
Therefore, A:B:C = 4:8:6

Let A = 4x, B = 8x and C = 6x.

Given, A+B+C = 630

or, 4x+8x+6x = 630
or, 18x = 630
630
or, x = = 35
18

Hence, the value of A = 4x = 435 = 140.

So, the correct answer is (E)

6. From the first equation, we can establish a relationship between x and y:

25% of x = 30% of y
0.25x = 0.3y
𝜘 0.3 6
= =
𝑦 0.25 5
6𝑦
X = 5 (i)
From the second equation, we can find the value of y:

24% of y = 20% of z
0.24y = 0.2 × z
0.24y = 0.2z
0.24𝑦 6𝑦
z= = 5 (ii)
0.20
Dividing (i) by (ii)-

𝑥 6𝑦 6𝑦
= / =1
𝑧 5 5
So, the ratio of x and z is 1.

So, the correct answer is (B)

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7. A) 1:1: This means an equal number of red and black balls, which can total 24.

B) 3:1: This means 3 red balls for every 1 black ball, which can also total 24.

C) 5:3: This means 5 red balls for every 3 black balls, which can also total 24.

D) 4:3: This means 4 red balls for every 3 black balls, which cannot be equal to 24.

E) 5:1: This means 5 red balls for every 1 black ball, which can also total 24.

Therefore, the ratio 4:3 is the only one that is impossible for the red and black balls in the box.

So, the correct answer is (D)

8. Let,
𝑦𝑥
= 27……..(1)
𝑧2
𝑦2 1
𝑧𝑥
= 3 3……(2)
√

Multiplying both equation:

(1) X (2)

𝑦𝑥 𝑦2 1
× = 27 ×
𝑧2 𝑧𝑥 3√3
𝑦3 27
= 3√3
𝑧3

𝑦 3 9
(𝑧 ) =
√3
4
𝑦 3 (√3)
(𝑧 ) =
√3

𝑦 3 3
( 𝑧 ) = (√3)
𝑦
= √3
𝑧
𝑧 1
Now, 𝑦 =
√3

So, the correct answer is (C)

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9. Expanding the expressions:

30% of (x - y) = 20% of (x + y)
0.3(x - y) = 0.2(x + y)
0.3x - 0.3y = 0.2x + 0.2y
0.3x - 0.2x = 0.2y + 0.3y
0.1x = 0.5y
𝑥 0.5𝑦
=
𝑦 0.1𝑦
𝑥
=5
𝑦

Therefore, the ratio of x to y is 5:1.

So, the correct answer is (A)

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Practice questions
1. What is the ratio of 2 feet to 4 yards?
(A) 1 : 9 (B) 1 : 8 (C) 1 : 7 (D) 1 : 6 (E) 1 : 5

2. If Mashrur can shape 3 surfboards in 50 minutes, how many can he shape in 5 hours?
(A) 16 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 19 (E) 20

3. In a class, 10% of the girls have blue eyes, and 20% of the boys have blue eyes. If the
ratio of girls to boys in the class is 3: 4, then what is the fraction of the students in the
class having blue eyes?
11 11 14 12 23
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E)
70 45 45 33 49

4. Sherlock takes 3 minutes to inspect a car, and John takes 4 minutes. If they both start
inspecting different cars at 8:30 AM, what would be the ratio of the number of cars
inspected by Sherlock and John by 8:54 AM of the same day?
(A) 1 : 3 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 3 : 4 (D) 4 : 3 (E) 7 : 4

5. A recipe for a cake calls for 2 cups of flour, 1 cup of sugar, and 1/2 cup of butter. If you
want to make a larger cake, and you increase the flour to 3 cups, how much sugar and
butter should you use?

(A) 1.5 cups sugar, 0.75 cups butter (B) 1.5 cups sugar, 0.8 cups butter

(C) 1.5 cups sugar, 1 cup butter (D) 2 cups sugar, 1 cup butter

(E) 2 cups sugar, 1.5 cups butter

Answers of Practice questions

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. To find the ratio of 2 feet to 4 yards, we first need to convert both measurements to the same
unit. Since there are 3 feet in 1 yard, we can convert 4 yards to feet:

4 yards x 3 feet/yard = 12 feet

Now we can find the ratio:

2 feet : 12 feet = 1 : 6

Therefore, the ratio of 2 feet to 4 yards is 1 : 6.

So, the correct answer is (D)

2. First, we have to calculate the number of minutes in 5 hours:

5 hours x 60 minutes/hour = 300 minutes

Now, In 50 min can shape 3 surfboards

3
In 1 min can shape 50 surfboards

3
In 300 minute can shape (50) x 300 = 18 surfboard

Therefore, Mashrur can shape 18 surfboards in 5 hours.

So, the correct answer is (C)

3. Given, the ratio of girls to boys in the class is 3 : 4. Let's assume there are 3x girls and 4x boys
in the class.

Now, 10% of the girls have blue eyes,

So 0.1(3x) = 0.3x girls have blue eyes.

And, 20% of the boys have blue eyes,

So 0.2(4x) = 0.8x boys have blue eyes.

So, the total number of students with blue eyes is 0.3x + 0.8x = 1.1x.

The total number of students in the class is 3x + 4x = 7x.

1.1𝑥 11
Therefore, the fraction of the students in the class having blue eyes is = 70
7𝑥

So, the correct answer is (A)

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4. Let's first calculate how many minutes have passed from 8:30 AM to 8:54 AM:

8:54 AM - 8:30 AM = 24 minutes

Now, calculate how many cars each person can inspect in 24 minutes:

Sherlock: 24 minutes /3 minutes/car = 8 cars

John: 24 minutes/4 minutes/car = 6 cars

Therefore, the ratio of the number of cars inspected by Sherlock and John is 8:6, which can be
simplified to 4:3.

So, the correct answer is (D)

5. Let, we have to use x cups of sugar and y cups of butter.

We know that the original recipe has a ratio of 2 cups flour to 1 cup sugar to 1/2 cup
butter. As, we increased the flours to 3 cups; so, we can set up the following proportion:

2 cups flour/1 cup sugar = 3 cups flour/x cups sugar

2 cups flour × x cups sugar = 1 cup sugar × 3 cups flour
x cups sugar = (1 cup sugar × 3 cups flour)/2 cups flour
3
= 2 cups sugar

= 1.5 cups sugar

Similarly, we can set up a proportion for the butter:

1
2 cups flour/2 cup butter = 3 cups flour/y cups butter

2 cups flour × y cups butter = 1/2 cup butter × 3 cups flour

1
y cups butter = (2 cup butter × 3 cups flour)/2 cups flour
3
= cups butter
4

= 0.75 cups butter

So, the correct answer is (A)

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Finding Values from Ratios

Finding Missing Values

If you know the ratio of two quantities and the value of one of them, you can find the value of the
other.

Some common methods:

Set up a proportion: Write the given ratio as a fraction and set it equal to a fraction with the
missing value as the denominator.

Cross-multiply: Multiply the numerator of one fraction by the denominator of the other, and
set the products equal.

Solve for the missing value: Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of the
missing value.

Example:

If the ratio of apples to oranges is 2:3 and there are 12 apples, how many oranges are there?

Given,

Number of apples: Number of oranges= 2:3

2
=> Number of apples/ Number of oranges= 3
2
=> 12/ Number of oranges= 3
12×3
=> Number of oranges= 2

= 18
Therefore, there are 18 oranges.

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Past Year Questions

1. A certain pole casts a shadow 24 ft. long. At the same time, another pole, which is 3 feet
high, casts a shadow 4 feet long. How high is the first pole, given that the heights and
shadows are in proportion? [IBA BBA 97-98]
(A) 21 (B) 20 (C)19 (D) 18 (E) None of these

2. Ages of three persons are now in the proportion of 2: 3: 4, and in five years from now the
proportion will be 5:7:8. What is the present age of the youngest person?
[IBA MBA 96-97]
(A)30 (B)25 (C)20 (D) 15 (E) None of these

3. The ratio of incomes of Ali & Baby is 5: 4, and the ratio of their expenditure is 4:3. If Ali
saves Tk 500 per month, what is the income of Baby? [IBA BBA 98-99]
(A) Tk 2,500 (B) Tk. 2,000
(C)Tk. 1,500 (D) Tk. 1,000
(E)Cannot be determined

4. Three workers. X, Y and Z are paid a total of Tk 5,500 for a particular job. X is paid 133.33%
of the amount paid to Y, and Y is paid 75% of the amount paid to Z; how much is paid to
Z? [IBA MBA 02-03]
(A) 1,750 (B)1,850
(C) 1,950 (D) 2,000
(E) None of these

5. 8 litres are drawn from a container full of mango juice and then filled with water. This
operation is performed three more times. The ratio of the quantity of mango juice now left
in the container to that of water is 16: 81. How much mango juice did the container hold
originally? [IBA BBA 2013-14]
(A) 24 litres (B) 30 litres
(C)36 litres (D) 42 litres
(E) none of these

Answers of past year questions

1.D 2.C 3.E 4.D 5.A

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. Set up a proportion:

height of first pole/length of shadow of first pole = height of second pole/length of shadow of
second pole
𝑥
=> ¾ = 24

=> x = 24× ¾ = 18 ft

Therefore, the height of the first pole is 18 feet.

So, the correct answer is (D)

2. Let the present ages of the three persons be 2x, 3x, and 4x.

In five years, their ages will be 2x + 5, 3x + 5, and 4x + 5.

We know that the proportion of their ages in five years will be 5:7:8.

Therefore, we can set up the following equation:

2𝑥 + 5 5
=
3𝑥 + 5 7
=> 7(2x + 5) = 5(3x + 5)
=> 14x + 35 = 15x + 25
=> x = 10

The present age of the youngest person is 2x, which is 2 × 10 = 20.

Therefore, the present age of the youngest person is 20.

So, the correct answer is (C)

3. Let Ali's income be 5x and Baby's income be 4x.

And, Ali's expenditure be 4y and Baby's expenditure be 3y.
We know that Ali saves Tk 500 per month.
Therefore, we can set up the following equation:
Saving= Income - Expense
5x - 4y = 500
We don't have enough information to solve for x and y separately.
Therefore, the income of Baby (4x) cannot be determined.
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So, the correct answer is (E)

4. Let's denote the amount paid to Z as Z.

According to the problem,

Y is paid 75% of Z.
So, Y's pay is 0.75Z.

X is paid 133.33% of Y.
Since 133.33% is equivalent to 4/3, X's pay is (4/3) × 0.75Z = Z.

Now, we know that the total pay is 5,500. So, we can write the equation:

Z + 0.75Z + Z = 5,500

Combining like terms, we get:

2.75Z = 5,500
Or, z = 2000
So, the correct answer is (D)

5. Set the total original volume of mango juice as x liters.

𝟖
Each time we take away 8 liters of the solution, we lose of the juice (and water too!),
𝒙
𝟖
and we are left with (1 – 𝒙) of the juice.

This ratio does not change, as the total volume is always filled back to x. If we perform this 4
times in total we multiply x by this ratio 4 times, so we have the equation:
8 4
𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝑗𝑢𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑥 . (1− 𝑥) 16
= =
𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑥 81
1−8 4 16
=> ( ) = 81
𝑥
1−8 2
=> =
𝑥 3
8 1
=> =
𝑥 3
=> x = 24
So, the correct answer is (A)

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Practice questions
1. Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. The ratio of the
two numbers is:
(A) 2 : 5 (B) 3 : 5
(C) 4 : 5 (D) 6 : 7 (E)None of these

2. Red, blue and yellow marbles in a bag have a ratio of 5 to 2 to 6. After removing the red
marbles, there are 32 marbles left in the bag. How many red marbles were in the bag?
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 20 (D) 24 (E) 52

3. 3 men can paint 3 rooms in 3 hours. How long would it take 1 man to paint 1 room?
(A) 3 hours (B) 2 hours
(C) 1 hour (D) 1.5 hours (E) 2.5 hours

4. A cask initially contains pure syrup up to the brim. The cask can be emptied by removing
exactly 5 liters at a time. Each time this is done, the cask must be filled back to the brim
with water. The capacity of the cask is 15 liters. When the cask is completely emptied and
filled back to the brim two times, what is the ratio of syrup to water in the cask?

(A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 4 : 5 (E) 5 : 4

5. Salaries of Rahim and Karim are in the ratio 2:3. If the salary of each is increased by tk
4000, the new ratio becomes 40:57. What is Karim's salary?

(A) 38000 (B) 46800

(C) 36700 (D) 5000 (E) none of these

Answers of practice questions

1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.E

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. Let the third number be x.

Then, the first number is 1.2x and the second number is 1.5x.

The ratio of the first number to the second number is:

1.2𝑥 4
=
1.5𝑥 5

Therefore, the ratio of the two numbers is 4:5.

So, the correct answer is (C)

2. Let the number of red, blue, and yellow marbles be 5x, 2x, and 6x, respectively.

After removing the red marbles, there are 2x + 6x = 8x marbles left.

We know that 8x = 32. So, x = 4

Therefore, the number of red marbles was 5x = 5 × 4 = 20.

So, the correct answer is (C)

3. 3 men can paint 3 rooms in 3 hours.

This means that each man paints 1 room in 3 hours because they all work at the
same rate.

Now, if 1 man is painting 1 room, it would still take 3 hours since 1 man can paint 1 room in the
same time it takes 3 men to paint 3 rooms.

Thus, the correct answer is 3 hours.

So, the correct answer is (A)

4. We have that the volume of the cask is 15 liters.

Emptying + Filling up (first time):

The volume of alcohol initially available is 15 liters. When 5 liters are removed, the cask
has 10 liters of alcohol.

When filled back to the brim (with 5 liters of water), the solution now consists of 10 liters
of alcohol and 5 liters of water.

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The cask now has 10 liters of alcohol and 5 liters of water.

Now, the ratio of alcohol to water is 10 : 5 = 2 : 1.

Emptying (second time):

𝟐 𝟏𝟎
The next time 5 liters are removed, the removed solution is 𝟐+𝟏 × 𝟓 = 𝟑 liters of alcohol
and 5/3 liters of water.
Here, we are comparing the amount of water and alcohol available among water and
alcohol in the water.
𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟎 𝟓 𝟏𝟎
Hence, the remaining solution is 𝟏𝟎 – = liters of alcohol and 𝟓 – 𝟑 = liters of
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
water.
However, we are replacing the solution with water.
20 10
The cask now has liters of alcohol and liters of water.
3 3

Filling up (second time):

When the cask is filled the second time (with water), the solution is now 20/3 liters of
𝟏𝟎 𝟐𝟓
alcohol (already existing) and 𝟑 + 5 = 𝟑 liters of water.

𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟓
The cask now has liters of alcohol and liters of water.
𝟑 𝟑
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟓
Hence, the solution now has alcohol and water in the ratio ∶ = 4 : 5.
𝟑 𝟑

So, the correct answer is (D)

5. Let Rahim's salary be 2x and Karim's salary be 3x. After an increase of Tk 4000, their salaries
become 2x + 4000 and 3x + 4000, respectively.

The new ratio is 40:57, so we can write the equation:

2𝑥 + 4000 40
=
3𝑥 + 4000 57
57(2𝑥 + 4000) = 40(3𝑥 + 4000)
114𝑥 + 228000 = 120𝑥 + 160000
6𝑥 = 68000
68000
𝑥 =
6
68000
Therefore, Karim's salary is 3x = Tk 3 × ( ) = Tk 34000.
6

So, the correct answer is €

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Proportional Distribution Problems

Proportional distribution involves dividing a quantity into parts that are proportional to
given ratios.

This means that the parts should be in the same proportion as the ratios.

Steps to Solve Proportional Distribution Problems:

1. Determine the total ratio: Add the individual ratios to find the total ratio.
2. Calculate the value of each unit: Divide the total quantity by the total ratio.
3. Multiply by the individual ratios: Multiply the value of each unit by the corresponding
individual ratio to find the proportional parts.

Example:

If a prize of $1000 is to be divided among three people in the ratio of 2:3:5, how much should
each person receive?

Given, Total ratio = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10

Value of each unit = $1000/10 = $100
Person 1: $100 × 2 = $200
Person 2: $100 × 3 = $300
Person 3: $100 × 5 = $500

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Past Year Questions

1. Four children aged 11, 9,7 and 4 share a sum of money in the ratio of their ages. If the
youngest child receives Tk.1,200, what is the sum of money? [IBA BBA 97-98]
(A) 8,400 (B)8,600 (C)9,000 (D) 9,300 (E) 9,600

2. A cake weighing 750g has three ingredients: flour, sugar, and fruits. There is twice much
flour as sugar and one and a half times as much sugar as fruits. What is the quantity of
sugar (in gram) in the cake? [IBA BBA 97-98]
(A) 50 (B) 125g (C) 250g (D) 100g (E) none of these

3. Taka 1105 was divided between A, B & C. The amounts of money received by A & B were
in the ratio 1: 2. Amounts of money received by B & C were in the ratio 3: 4. How much
money did A receive? [IBA BBA 98-99]
(A) Tk 205 (B)Tk 195 (C) Tk 150 (D) Tk 100 (E) None of these

4. Three friends - Anwar, Bobby and Dipu divided Tk. 1105 amongst them in such a way that
if Tk. 10, Tk. 20 and Tk. 15 were removed from the amount that Anwar, Bobby and Dipu
received respectively, then the share of the amount they got would be in the ratio of 11:
18: 24. How much did Dipu receive? [IBA BBA 08-09]
(A)495 (B) 510 (C) 480 (D) 375 (E) none of these

5. Taka 3660 is divided among X, Y and Z in such a way that if Tk. 10, Tk. 20 and Tk. 30 are
removed from the sums that X, Y and Z received respectively, then the share of the sums
that they will get will be in the ratio of 3:4:5. How much did x receive? [IBA MBA 13-14]
(A)890 (B)905 (C)910 (D) 915 (E) none of these

Answers of past year questions

1.D 2.E 3.B 4.D 5.C

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. Let, the total sum of money be S.

The ratio of the ages of the children is 11:9:7:4.

𝟒 𝟒
Therefore, the youngest child receives 𝟏𝟏+𝟗+𝟕+𝟒 = 𝟑𝟏 of the total sum.

We know that the youngest child receives Tk. 1,200.

Therefore, we can set up the following equation:

4
( ) × 𝑆 = 1200
31
31
𝑆 = 1200 × ( )
4
𝑆 = 9300
The total sum of money is Tk. 9,300.
So, the correct answer is (D)

2. Let the quantity of fruits be x grams.

The quantity of sugar is 1.5x grams.

The quantity of flour is 2 × 1.5x = 3x grams.

The total weight of the cake is 750 grams.

Therefore, we can set up the following equation:

x + 1.5x + 3x = 750
5.5x = 750
x = 136.36

Therefore, the quantity of sugar is 1.5x = 1.5 × 136.36 = 204.55 grams.

So, the correct answer is (E)

3. Originally, the ratios were:

A:B = 1:2 & B:C = 3:4

Multiplying the first ratio by 3 and the second ratio by 2, we get:

A:B = 3:6 & B:C = 6:8

Now, we can combine these ratios to find A:B:C:

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A:B:C = 3:6:8

Therefore, the simplified ratio of A:B:C is 3:6:8.

3 3
A’s money to total money’s ratio =3+6+8 = 17
3
𝐻𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐴’𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒 = 1105 × = 195
17

So, the correct answer is (B)

4. Let, the shares of Anwar, Bobby, and Dipu after deducting the given amounts be 11x, 18x, and
24x, respectively.

We know the total of these shares is 1105 - 10 - 20 - 15 = 1060.

So, 11x + 18x + 24x = 1060.

53x = 1060.
1060
x= = 20.
53

Dipu's original share (including the deducted amount) is 24x + 15 = 24(20) + 15 = 495.

So, the correct answer is (D)

5. Let the shares of X, Y, and Z after deducting the given amounts be 3x, 4x, and 5x, respectively.

We know the total of these shares is 3660 - 10 - 20 - 30 = 3600.

So, 3x + 4x + 5x = 3600.
12x = 3600.
x = 300.

X's original share (including the deducted amount) is 3x + 10 = 3(300) + 10 = 910.

So, the correct answer is (C)

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Practice Problems
1. A company’s budget of Tk. 120,000 is allocated to three departments: Marketing, Sales,
and Research. The budget for Sales is twice the budget for Marketing, and the budget for
research is 1.5 times the budget for Sales. What is the budget for Marketing?
(A) Tk. 12,000 (B) Tk. 16,000
(C) Tk. 20,000 (D) Tk. 24,000 (E) Tk. 28,000

2. A businessman divided his profit of Tk. 10,500 between his two partners, X and Y, in the
ratio of their investments. X had invested Tk. 35,000 and Y had invested Tk. 50,000. If Y
decided to give 10% of his share to X as a goodwill gesture, what would be X's
approximate final share?
(A) Tk. 3,150 (B) Tk. 3,780
(C) Tk. 4,320 (D) Tk. 4,725 (E) Tk. 5,040

3. Three partners A, B, and C invested Tk. 50,000, Tk. 75,000, and Tk. 100,000 respectively
in a business. They agreed to divide the profit in the ratio of their investments. If the total
profit was Tk. 56,000, but A and B decided to give 20% of their combined share to C as a
bonus, what will be C’s final share?
(A) Tk. 27,200 (B) Tk. 30,000
(C) Tk. 31,200 (D) Tk. 35,200 (E) Tk. 38,400

Answers of practice questions

1.C 2.E 3.C

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Solution To Practice Problems

1. Let's denote the budget for Marketing as M.

According to the problem, the budget for Sales is twice the budget for Marketing, so it's
2M.

The budget for research is 1.5 times the budget for Sales, so it's 1.5(2M) = 3M.

The total budget is Tk. 120,000, so we can write the equation:

M + 2M + 3M = 120,000
6M = 120,000
M = 20,000
Therefore, the budget for Marketing is Tk. 20,000.

So, the correct answer is (C)

2. Given, X had invested Tk. 35,000 and Y had invested Tk. 50,000

The total investment is Tk 35,000 + Tk 50,000 = Tk 85,000.

X's initial share = (35,000/85,000) × 10,500

= 4,352.94 (rounded to two decimal places)

Y's initial share = (50,000 /85,000) × 10,500

= 6,147.06 (rounded to two decimal places)

Y's 10% share = 6,147.06 × 0.1 = Tk 614.71 (rounded to two decimal places)

X's final share = X's initial share + Y's 10% share

= Tk 4,352.94 + Tk 614.71
= Tk 4,967.65 (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, X's final share would be approximately Tk 4,968.

So, the correct answer is (E)

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3. Given, Three partners A, B, and C invested Tk. 50,000, Tk. 75,000, and Tk. 100,000 respectively
in a business.

The total investment is (50,000 + 75,000 + 100,000) = Tk 225,000.

50,000
A's initial share = (225,000) × 56,000
= 12,444.44 (rounded to two decimal places)
75,000
B's initial share = (225,000) × 56,000
= 18,666.67 (rounded to two decimal places)
100,000
C's initial share = (225,000) × 56,000 = 25,000

A and B's combined share =12,444.44 + 18,666.67

= 31,111.11 (rounded to two decimal places)

Now, 20% of A and B's combined share = Tk 31,111.11 × 0.2 = Tk 6,222.22 (rounded to two
decimal places)
C's final share = C's initial share + 20% of A and B's combined share
= Tk 25,000 + Tk 6,222.22
= Tk 31,222.22 (rounded to two decimal places)

Therefore, C's final share would be approximately Tk 31,222.

So, the correct answer is (C)

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Finding Ratio Related Problems

A ratio compares two quantities, typically expressed as a

or a/b. For example, if there are 3 boys and 4 girls in a class, the ratio of boys to girls is 3:4.

Key Concepts:
Simplifying Ratios:
To simplify a ratio, divide both terms by their Highest common factor (HCF).

Example: Simplify the ratio 12:18.

HCF of 12 and 18 is 6,

12 18
so : = 2: 3.
6 6

Finding Missing Terms:

Given a ratio and one value, you can find the missing value by setting up a proportion.

Example: The ratio of apples to oranges is 2:3. If there are 12 apples, how many oranges are
there?
12 3
⅔= => 𝑥 = 12 × 2 = 18
𝑥

Proportions:
Two ratios are said to be proportional if they are equal when simplified.

Direct and Inverse Proportions:

Direct proportion: If one quantity increases, the other increases at the same rate (e.g.,
the more ingredients you add to a recipe, the bigger the result).

Inverse proportion: If one quantity increases, the other decreases (e.g., if the speed of
a car increases, the time it takes to travel a fixed distance decreases).

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Past Year Questions

1. If 55 percent of the people who purchase a certain product is female, what is the ratio of
the number of females who purchase the product to the number of males who purchased
the product? [IBA BBA 00-01]
11 10 9 9 5
(A) 9 (B) 9 (C)11 (D)10 (E) 9

2. To mix a certain color of paint, Alana combines 5 liters of red paint, 2 liters of blue 12
paint, and 2 liters of yellow paint. What is the ratio of red paint to the total amount of paint
[IBA MBA 05-06]
(A)5:2 (B)9:4 (C)5:4 (D)5:9 (E)None of these

3. Mr. Noman is in charge of a special snake farm in Gaibandha. The farm has two types of
snakes: Cobras and Pythons. After a recent stock-taking, he was surprised to find that ¼
of the number of cobras in the farm was exactly equal to ⅙ of the total number of snakes
in the farm. What is the ratio of the number of Pythons to the number of Cobras in the
farm? [IBA BBA 09-10]
(A) 1:4 (B)1:3 (C)1:2 (D)2:3 (E)cannot be determined

4. The ratio of income of X and Y is 3:4. The ratio of their expenditures is 4:5; find the ratio
of their savings if the savings of X is one-fourth of his income. [IBA MBA 09-10]
(A)5:4 (B)19:12 (C)4:6 (D) 12:19 (E) 10:20

Answers of past year questions

1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. If 55% of the people who purchase a certain product are female, then 45% of them are male.

Therefore, the ratio of females to males is 55:45.

Simplifying this ratio by dividing both sides by 5, we get:

The ratio of females to males =11 : 9

So, the correct answer is (A)

2. Given, Alana combines 5 liters of red paint, 2 liters of blue 12 paint, and 2 liters of yellow paint.

The total amount of paint is 5 + 2 + 2 = 9 liters.

5
The ratio of red paint to the total amount of paint is = 9= 5:9.

So, the correct answer is (D)

3. According to the problem, ¼ of the number of cobras is equal to ⅙ of the total number of snakes.

So, we can write the equation: (¼)C = (⅙)(C + P)

Multiplying both sides by 12 (LCM of 4 and 6) to eliminate the fractions, we get:

3C = 2(C + P)
3C = 2C + 2P
C = 2P

Therefore, the ratio of the number of pythons to the number of cobras is 1:2.

So, the correct answer is (C)

4. Given, The ratio of income of X and Y is 3:4.

Now, let, income of X is 3k and Income of Y is 4k

And, The ratio of their expenditures is 4:5

Now, let expense of X is 4p and expense of Y is 5p

𝑥 3𝑘
The ratio of their Income: = 4𝑘
𝑦
𝑥 4𝑃
Ratio of their expenditure: 𝑦 = 5𝑝

Given, the savings of X is one-fourth of his income.

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1 3𝑘
So, Savings of x = (4) x Income = 4

Savings = Income - Expenditure

3𝑘
=> 4 = 3k-4p

=> 3k = 12k-16p
=> 16p = 9k
𝑘 16
=> 𝑝 = 9

Savings of y = 4k-5p = 4 x 16 – 5 x 9 = 64-45 = 19

3𝑘 3×16
Savings of x = = = 12
4 4

𝒙 𝟏𝟐
Savings ratio of x and y: =
𝒚 𝟏𝟗

So, the correct answer is (D)

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Practice Problems
1. A jar contains a mixture of three liquids A, B, and C in the ratio 4:5:6. If 24 liters of liquid
C is removed and replaced with liquid A, the new ratio of liquids A, B, and C becomes
8:5:4. What was the initial quantity of liquid B in the jar?
(A) 30 liters (B) 40 liters (C) 50 liters (D) 60 liters (E) None of these

2. In a village, the ratio of adults to children is 7:3. If 60 the adults leave the village, the ratio
of adults to children becomes 3:2. What is the initial number of adults in the village?
(A) 160 (B) 164 (C) 168 (D) 172 (E) None of these

3. A mixture contains milk and water in the ratio of 7:3. If 10 liters of water is added to the
mixture, the ratio becomes 7:5. What is the initial quantity of milk in the mixture?
(A) 35 liters (B) 30 liters (C) 25 liters (D) 40 liters (E) None of these

4. Two alloys are mixed in the ratio 2:3. The first alloy contains silver and copper in the ratio
3:4, and the second alloy contains silver and copper in the ratio 4:5. What is the ratio of
silver to copper in the final mixture?
(A) 17:23 (B) 18:25 (C) 19:26 (D) 20:27 (E) None of these

Answers of practice questions

1.A 2.C 3.A 4.E

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Solution To Practice Problems

1. Let the initial quantities of liquids A, B, and C be 4x, 5x, and 6x liters, respectively.

After removing 24 liters of liquid C and replacing it with liquid A, the quantities become:

Liquid A: 4x + 24 liters
Liquid B: 5x liters
Liquid C: 6x - 24 liters

The new ratio is 8:5:4, so we can write the equation:

(4𝑥+24) 8
=
5𝑥 5
20x + 120 = 40x
20x = 120
x=6

Therefore, the initial quantity of liquid B was 5x = 5 × 6 = 30 liters.

So, the correct answer is (A)

2. Let, the number of adult is 7x and the number of children is 3x.

After 50 adults leaving, total number of adults become 7x-60

The new ratio of children to adult becomes 2:3

Now,
7𝑥−60 3
=2
3𝑥
=> 14x -120 = 9x
=> 5x = 120
=> x = 24

Hence, the total number of adult initally was 24 x 7 = 168

So, the correct answer is (C)

3. Let the initial quantities of milk and water be 7x and 3x, respectively.

After adding 10 liters of water, the quantities become:

Milk: 7x liters
Water: 3x + 10 liters

The new ratio is 7:5, so we can write the equation:

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7𝑥 7
(3𝑥+10)
=5
35x = 21x + 70
14x = 70
x=5

Therefore, the initial quantity of milk was 7x = 7 x 5 = 35 liters.

So, the correct answer is (A)

4. Let's denote the quantity of the first alloy as 2x and the quantity of the second alloy as 3x.

In the first alloy, the ratio of silver to copper is 3:4,

3 6𝑥
So the quantity of silver in the first alloy is (7) × 2𝑥 = ( 7 ) and
4 8𝑥
The quantity of copper in the first alloy is (7) × 2𝑥 = ( 7 )

In the second alloy, the ratio of silver to copper is 4:5,

4 4𝑥
So the quantity of silver in the second alloy is (9) × 3𝑥 = ( 3 ) and

5 5𝑥
The quantity of copper in the second alloy is (9) × 3𝑥 = ( 3 )

Therefore, in the final mixture,

6𝑥 4𝑥 38𝑥
The total quantity of silver is ( 7 ) + ( 3 ) = ( 21 )
8𝑥 5𝑥 49𝑥
The total quantity of copper is ( 7 ) + ( 3 )= ( 21 )

38 49
Hence, the ratio of silver to copper in the final mixture is (21) 𝑥 : (21) 𝑥, which simplifies to 38:49.

So, the correct answer is (E)

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Changes in Ratios
A ratio is a comparison of two quantities. When one or both of these quantities change, the ratio
also changes.

Types of Changes in Ratios:

Direct Variation: If both quantities increase or decrease proportionally, the ratio remains
constant.
For example, if the number of apples and oranges in a basket doubles, the ratio of apples
to oranges remains the same.

Inverse Variation: If one quantity increases while the other decreases proportionally, the ratio
changes inversely.
For example, if the speed of a car increases, the time it takes to travel a certain distance
decreases. The ratio of speed to time changes inversely.

Calculating Changes in Ratios:

To calculate the change in a ratio, you can:

1. Find the new ratio: Calculate the new ratio after the quantities have changed.
2. Compare the ratios: Compare the new ratio to the original ratio to determine the change.
3. Express the change as a percentage: Calculate the percentage increase or decrease in
the ratio.

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Past Year Questions

1. A football team had a ratio of win to loss of 3:1. After winning 6 games in a row, the team's
ratio of win to loss became 5.1. How many games had the team won before it won the six
games? [IBA BBA 96-97]
(A)24 (B)12 (C)9 (D)6 (E)3

2. The ratio of green, red and yellow marbles in a box is 3:4:5. If 10 green marbles are
removed and 5 red marbles are added, the total numbers of marbles becomes 103. How
many yellow marbles were in the box? [IBA BBA 01-02]
(A)32 (B)45 (C)48 (D)50 (E) None of these

3. The ratio of water and salt in a 16 kg of salt-water solution is 3:1. How much water in kg
must be added to make the ratio of water to salt 4:1 [IBA BBA 01-02]
(A)2 (B)3 (C)4 (D)6 (E) None of these

4. The ratio of green marbles to red marbles in a box is 3: 5. If there are 24 marbles in the
box, how many additional green marbles will be required to make the ratio of green
marbles to red marbles 1:1? [IBA MBA 01-02]
(A)12 (B)9 (C)6 (D)3 (E) None of these

5. The ratio of marbles collected by Amir. Babu and Enam is 1:2:5. If Babu gives 3 marbles
to Amir and receives 6 marbles from Enam the ratio becomes 3:5:8. How many marbles
did Enam have? [IBA MBA 07-06]
(A)25 (B) 30 (C)35 (D)45 (E) None of these

6. In 24 kg of salt water, 8% is salt; of another mixture, 4% is salt. How many kgs of 2nd
solution must be added to the first mixture- to get a solution that is 5% salt?
[IBA BBA 99-00]
(A)24 (B)36 (C)48 (D)72 (E)96
7. Nahiyan and Moon's salary was BDT 43,200 and BDT 28,800, respectively. Both their
salary got increased by X, and now ratio of their salary is 7:5. Find the value of X
[IBA MBA 19-20]
(A) 5400 (B) 7200 (C) 8800 (D) can't remember (E) none of these

Answers of past year questions

1.C 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. Let the number of wins before the 6-game winning streak be 3x and the number of losses be x.

After winning 6 games in a row, the number of wins becomes 3x + 6 and the number of
losses remains x.

The new ratio of wins to losses is 5:1, so we can write the equation:

3𝑥 + 6 5
=
𝑥 1
3x + 6 = 5x
6 = 2x
x=3
Therefore, the number of games the team had won before the 6-game winning streak was 3x =
3 × 3 = 9.

So, the correct answer is (C)

2. Let the initial number of green, red, and yellow marbles be 3x, 4x, and 5x, respectively.

After removing 10 green marbles and adding 5 red marbles, the number of green marbles
becomes 3x - 10, the number of red marbles becomes 4x + 5, and the number of yellow marbles
remains 5x.

The total number of marbles after these changes becomes:

(3x - 10) + (4x + 5) + 5x = 103

12x - 5 = 103
12x = 108
x=9

Therefore, the initial number of yellow marbles was 5x = 5 × 9 = 45.

So, the correct answer is (B)

3. Let the initial quantity of water be 3x and the initial quantity of salt be x.

The total weight of the solution is 16 kg, so we can write the equation:

3x + x = 16
4x = 16
x=4

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Therefore, the initial quantity of water is 3x = 3 × 4 = 12 kg and the initial quantity of salt is x = 4
kg.

Let the quantity of water added be y kg.

After adding y kg of water, the total quantity of water becomes 12 + y kg and the total quantity
of salt remains 4 kg.

The new ratio of water to salt is 4:1, so we can write the equation:

(12 + y)/4 = 4/1

12 + y = 16
y=4
Therefore, 4 kg of water must be added to make the ratio of water to salt 4:1.

So, the correct answer is (C)

4. We have a box with green and red marbles.

The initial ratio of green to red marbles is 3:5.

The total number of marbles is 24.

We need to find how many green marbles to add to make the ratio 1:1.

Total number of green marble = 24 × 3/(3+5) = 9 marbles

Total number of red marble = 24 × 5/(3+5) = 15 marbles

Lets assume we need to add x red marbles to make the ratio 1:1
Hence,
9+𝑥 1
=
15 1
=> 9+x = 15
=> x = 6

Therefore, we need to add 6 marbles.

Therefore, 6 additional green marbles are required to make the ratio of green marbles to red
marbles 1:1.

So, the correct answer is (C)

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5. Let the initial number of marbles Amir, Babu, and Enam have be x, 2x, and 5x, respectively.

After the exchange, Amir has x + 3 marbles, Babu has 2x - 3 + 6 = 2x + 3 marbles, and Enam
has 5x - 6 marbles.

The new ratio is 3:5:8, so we can write the equation:

𝑥 + 3 3
=
2𝑥 + 3 5
5(x + 3) = 3(2x + 3)
5x + 15 = 6x + 9
15 = x + 9
x=6
Enam initially had 5x-5 × 6= 30 marbles:

So, the correct answer is (B)

6. Given, the first mixture is 24 kg.

The amount of salt in the first solution is 8% of 24 kg, Which equals to= 0.08 × 24 = 1.92 kg.

Let x be the amount of the second solution added.

The amount of salt in the second solution is 4% of x kg, which is 0.04x kg.

The total amount of salt in the final mixture is 1.92 + 0.04x kg.
The total amount of the final mixture is 24 + x kg.

We want the final mixture to be 5% salt, so we can set up the equation:

Amount of salt/ Total amount of final mixture= 5%

1.92 + 0.04𝑥
= 0.05
24 + 𝑥
1.92 + 0.04x = 1.2 + 0.05x
1.92 = 1.2 + 0.01x
0.72 = 0.01x
x = 72

Therefore, 72 kg of the second solution must be added to the first mixture to get a solution that
is 5% salt.

So, the correct answer is (D)

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7. Given, both salaries are increased by X.

After the increase, Nahiyan's salary becomes 43,200 + X.

Moon's salary becomes 28,800 + X.

The new ratio of their salaries is 7:5.

Now,

43200 + 𝑥 7
=
28800 + 𝑥 5
=> 201600 + 7𝑥 = 216000 + 5𝑥
=> 2𝑥 = 14400
=> 𝑥 = 7200

Therefore, the value of X is 7,200.

So, the correct answer is (B)

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Practice Problems
1. In The salaries A, B, C are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If the increments of 15%, 10% and 20% are
allowed respectively in their salaries, then what will be new ratio of their salaries?
(A) 3 : 3 : 10 (B) 10 : 11 : 20
(C) 23 : 33 : 60 (D) 1:2:3 (E) Cannot be determined

2. Two alloys A and B are composed of two basic elements. The ratios of the compositions
of the two basic elements in the two alloys are 5 : 3 and 1 : 2, respectively. A new alloy X
is formed by mixing the two alloys A and B in the ratio 4 : 3. What is the ratio of the
composition of the two basic elements in alloy X ?

(A) 1 : 1 (B) 2 : 3 (C) 5 : 2 (D) 4 : 3 (E) 7 : 9

3. In a club, the ratio of male to female members was 5:4. After 20 new female members
joined, the ratio became 1:1. What was the original number of male members in the club?

(A) 25 (B) 50 (C) 75 (D) 100 (E) 125

Answers of practice questions

1.D 2.A 3.D

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Solution To Practice Problems

1. Let's assume the initial salaries of A, B, and C are 2x, 3x, and 5x, respectively. After the
increments, their new salaries will be:

A's new salary = 2x + 15% of 2x = 2x + 0.15(2x) = 2.3x

B's new salary = 3x + 10% of 3x = 3x + 0.10(3x) = 3.3x

C's new salary = 5x + 20% of 5x = 5x + 0.20(5x) = 6x

Therefore, the new ratio of their salaries is:

=> 2.3x : 3.3x : 6x

=> 2.3 : 3.3 : 6

=> 23 : 33 : 60

So, the new ratio of their salaries is 23 : 33 : 60.

So the correct answer is (D)

2. We have two alloys, A and B, with different ratios of their basic elements. We're mixing them in
a specific ratio to form a new alloy, X. The goal is to find the ratio of the basic elements in alloy
X.

Alloy A: 5 parts of element 1 to 3 parts of element 2 (ratio 5:3)

Alloy B: 1 part of element 1 to 2 parts of element 2 (ratio 1:2)

Mixture X: 4 parts of alloy A to 3 parts of alloy B (ratio 4:3)

To find the overall ratio of the basic elements in alloy X, we can use a weighted average
approach. We'll weigh the ratios of the individual alloys based on their proportions in the mixture.

Weight of alloy A: 4

Weight of alloy B: 3

Weighted Average Ratio:

5 1
( ×4+ ×3)
8 3
Ratio of element 1 in the mixture = 4+3

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5
( +1)
2
=
7

7 1
= 14 = 2

Determining the Ratio:

1 1 1
Since the ratio of element 1 is 2, the ratio of element 2 must be 1 − 2 = 2.

Therefore, the ratio of the composition of the two basic elements in alloy X is 1:1.

So the correct answer is (A)

3. Let the original number of male members be 5x and the original number of female members be
4x.

After 20 new female members join, the number of female members becomes 4x + 20.

The new ratio is 1:1, so we can write the equation:

5𝑥 1
(4𝑥+20)
=1

5x = 4x + 20

x = 20

Therefore, the original number of male members was 5x = 5 × 20 = 100.

So the correct answer is (D)

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Partnership
Partnership is a business arrangement where two or more individuals agree to combine their
resources and skills to operate a business. The profits and losses of the partnership are shared
among the partners according to their agreed-upon ratio.

Key Concepts in Partnership and Ratio-Proportion

Profit-Sharing Ratio: This is the ratio in which the profits of the partnership are divided among
the partners. It can be based on factors such as capital investment, time contributed, or a
combination of both.

If the capital ratio of Partner A to Partner B is 2:3, then Partner A will receive 2/5 of the
3
profits, and Partner B will receive 5.

Loss-Sharing Ratio: This is the ratio in which the losses of the partnership are divided among
the partners. It is typically the same as the profit-sharing ratio, unless otherwise specified.

If Partner A works for 10 hours per week and Partner B works for 15 hours per week, the
profit-sharing ratio will be 10:15, or 2:3.

Capital Ratio: This is the ratio of the capital contributions of the partners. It is often used as a
basis for determining the profit-sharing and loss-sharing ratios.

If a partner increases their capital contribution, their share of profits and losses will
increase accordingly.

Example:
Partner A invests $10,000, and Partner B invests $15,000.
The capital ratio is 2:3.
The partnership earns a profit of $5,000.
So, Partner A's share of the profit is (2/5) × $5,000 = $2,000.
Partner B's share of the profit is (3/5) × $5,000 = $3,000.

Another Partnership Problem

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Three partners, A, B, and C, start a business. A invests $50,000 for 8 months, B invests $40,000
for 10 months, and C invests $30,000 for 12 months. If the profit at the end of the year is $24,000,
how should it be divided among the partners?

First we have to calculate the equivalent investments:

A's equivalent investment for 12 months: $50,000 × 12/8 = $75,000

B's equivalent investment for 12 months: $40,000 × 12/10 = $48,000

Then we will determine the profit-sharing ratio:

The profit-sharing ratio is based on the equivalent investments: 75,000:48,000:30,000.

Which can be simplified to 25:16:10.

Total ratio= 25 + 16 + 10= 51

Now, divide the profit:

25
A's share: (51) x $24,000 = $11,764.71
16
B's share: (51) x $24,000 = $7,529.41
10
C's share: (51) x $24,000 = $4,705.88

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Past Year Questions

1. Hami, Jamee and Samee invest Tk. 5000, Tk. 7000, and Tk. 12000 respectively in a
business. If the profits are distributed proportionately, what share of a Tk. 1111 profit
should Samee receive? [IBA MBA 00-01]
(A) Tk. 231.40 (B) Tk. 254.00
(C) Tk. 333.33 (D)Tk.370.33 (E) Tk.555.50

2. Polash started a business on the first day of 2008. Qader joined the business of Polash
on partnership contract with double investment of Polash on July 1 of 2008. Sohel, on the
first day of September 2008, joined the partnership business of Polash and Qader with
thrice the investment of Polash. The firm earned a profit of Tk. 72,000 on 31" December,
2008. What will be the share of profit of Sohel? [IBA BBA 09-10]
(A) Tk. 36,000 (B) Tk. 24,000
(C) Tk. 12,000 (D) Tk. 18,000 (E) none of these

3. Two friends, Rajib and Rahat, entered into a partnership investing Tk. 700 and Tk. 600
respectively. After 3 months, Rajib withdrew 2/7 his investment but after 3 months, he
𝟑
reinvested 𝟓 of what he had withdrawn. The profit at the end of the year was Tk. 726, If the
profit was shared according to time weighted investment, then what was the difference
between the profits of those two friends? [IBA BBA 09-10]
(A) Tk.360 (B) Tk. 183 (C)Tk.36 (D)Tk. 6 E) None of these

4. Arif, Babu and Salam started a business jointly with a total amount of Tk. 280. Arif paid
Tk. 45 more than Babu and Babu paid Tk. 70 less than Salam. If the company made a
profit of Tk. 56, how much profit should Babu receive? [IBA MBA 98-99]
(A)22 (B)20 (C)25 (D) 27 (E) none of these

5. One year ago, the ratio of salary of Nasir and Gaurav was 5:8. Ratio between this year's
and last year's salary of Nasir is 28:25 and the same for Gaurav's is 23:20. If the sum of
their present salary is Tk. 1184, the difference between their present salary is:
[IBA MBA 17-18]
(A) Tk. 448 (B) Tk. 340 (C) Tk. 288 (D ) Tk. 240 (E) none of these

Answers of past year questions

1.E 2.B 3.D 4.E 5.C

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. The total investment is Tk. 5000 + Tk. 7000 + Tk. 12000 = Tk. 24000.

12000 𝟏
Samee's share of the total investment is= 24000 = 𝟐.

Therefore, Samee's share of the Tk. 1111 profit is:

1
(2) × Tk. 1111 = Tk. 555.50

So the correct answer is (E)

2. Investment and Time Periods:

Polash: Invested from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008 (12 months)
Qader: Invested from July 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008 (6 months)
Sohel: Invested from September 1, 2008, to December 31, 2008 (4 months)

Since the investments are not equal and the time periods differ, we'll calculate the ratio based
on the product of investment and time for each partner.

Polash: Investment × Time = x × 12 = 12x

Qader: Investment × Time = 2x × 6 = 12x
Sohel: Investment × Time = 3x × 4 = 12x

The ratio of Polash, Qader, and Sohel's shares is 12x:12x:12x, which simplifies to 1:1:1. This
means they will share the profits equally.

Given that the total profit is Tk. 72,000 and the ratio is 1:1:1,

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑓𝑖𝑡
Sohel's share will be = (𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑠)

72,000
= Tk. = Tk. 24,000
3

Therefore, the correct answer is (B)

3. Rajib’s activity throughout the year:

Initial investment: Tk. 700
2 2
After 3 months, withdrew 7 of his investment: Tk. 700 × 7 = Tk. 200

Remaining investment: Tk. 700 - Tk. 200 = Tk. 500

3 3
Reinvested 5 of the withdrawn amount: Tk. 200 × 5 = Tk. 120

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Total investment for the remaining 9 months: Tk. 500 + Tk. 120 = Tk. 620

Rahat’s activity throughout the year:

Initial investment: Tk. 600, and o changes to investment.

Rajib’s investment calculation:

First 3 months: Tk. 700 × 3 = 2100

Next 3 months: Tk. 500 × 3 = 1500
Last 6 months: Tk. 620 × 6 = 3720

Total time-weighted investment: 2100 + 1500 + 3720 = 7320

Rahat’s investment calculation:

Investment for the entire year: Tk. 600 × 12 = 7200

The profit-sharing ratio is based on the time-weighted investments.

So, the ratio between Rajib and Rahat is 7320:7200, which can be simplified to 366:360.

Since the total profit is Tk. 726 and the ratio is 366:360, we can calculate the difference in profits
as follows:

Total profit: 366 + 360 = 726

Rajib's share: 726 × 366/726 = Tk. 366
Rahat's share: 726 × 360/726 = Tk. 360

Difference: Tk. 366 - Tk. 360 = Tk. 6

Therefore, the difference between the profits of Rajib and Rahat is Tk. 6.

So, the correct answer is (D)

4. Let's denote Salam's investment as "S."

Salam's Investment: S
Babu's Investment: S - 70
Arif's Investment: (S - 70) + 45 = S - 25

We know the total investment is Tk. 280,

S + (S - 70) + (S - 25) = 280

3S - 95 = 280
3S = 375
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S = 125

Therefore, Salam's investment is Tk. 125.

Babu's Investment: 125 - 70 = Tk. 55
Arif's Investment: 125 - 25 = Tk. 100

The profit-sharing ratio is based on the investments. So, the ratio among Arif, Babu, and Salam
is 100:55:125, which simplifies to 20:11:25.

To calculate Babu's profit share, we'll use the following formula:

Babu's Profit Share = (Babu's Investment/Total Investment) × Total Profit

= 11/(20+11+25) × 56
≈ 11

Therefore, Babu should receive approximately Tk. 11 in profit.

Since none of the given options match the calculated value,

the correct answer is (E) none of these.

5. Let the salary of Nasir last year be 5x and Gaurav's salary last year be 8x, where The ratio of
Nasir’s salary this year to last year is 28/25

The ratio of Gaurav’s salary this year to last year is 23/20.

So, their present salaries are:

Nasir’s present salary = 28/25×5x=5.6x,

Gaurav’s present salary = 23/20×8x=9.2x.

The sum of their present salaries is Tk. 1184, so:

5.6x+9.2x=1184

=> 14.8x = 1184

=> x = 80

Nasir’s present salary = 5.6x=5.6×80=448 Tk.

Gaurav’s present salary = 9.2x=9.2×80=736 Tk.

The difference between Gaurav's and Nasir's present salaries is: 736−448=288 Tk.

So, the correct answer is (C)

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Practice questions
1. A, B and C jointly thought of engaging themselves in a business venture. It was agreed
that A would invest tk. 6500 for 6 months, B, tk. 8400 for 5 months and C, tk. 10,000 for 3
months. A wants to be the working member for which, he was to receive 5% of the profits.
The profit earned was tk. 7400. Calculate the share of B in the profit.
(A) 1900 (B) 2660 (C)2800 (D) 2840 (E) None of these

2. A, B, C subscribe a total of BDT 50,000 for a business. A subscribes BDT 4000 more than
B and B BDT 5000 more than C. Out of a total profit of BDT 35,000, A receives:
(A) BDT 8400 (B) BDT 11,900
(C) BDT 13,600 (D) BDT 14,700 (E) None of these

3. A began a business with tk 85,000. He was joined afterwards by B with tk. 42,500. For how
much period does B join, if the profits at the end of the year are divided in the ratio of 3 :
1?
(A) 4 months (B) 5 months (C) 6 months (D) 8 months (E) None of these

4. Partner Baker Invests $100,000 in a business. Partner Bodi invests $150,000. After 3
months, Baker increases their investment by 50%, and after 6 months, Bodi increases
their investment by 25%. If the total profit at the end of the year is $110250, how much
does Bodi receive?
(A) $60750 (B) $62500 (C) $65750 (D) $68500 (E)$70,000

Answers of past year questions

1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A

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Solution To Past Year Questions

1. Given Investment periods: A invested for 6 months, B for 5 months, and C for 3 months.

Each person’s investment amounts by time period:

A= Tk. 6500 × 6 = 39000

B= Tk. 8400 × 5 = 42000

C= Tk 10000 × 3= 30000

So, the ratio of their investment amounts:

A: B: C = 39000: 42000: 30000

Simplify the ratio: A :B: C = 13:14:10

Now, A wants to be the working member for which, he was to receive 5% of the profits.

A's share: 5% of 7400 = Tk. 370

Remaining profit: 7400 - 370 = Tk. 7030

Now, the remaining profit (tk 7030) is divided into a ratio of 13:14:10.
14
So, B's share is = 13 + 14+ 10 × 7030

14
=(37) × 7030

≈ 2660

Therefore, B's share in the profit is approximately taka 2660.

So, the correct answer is (B)

2. Let C's investment be x.

B invested 5000 more than C, so B's investment is x + 5000.

A invested 4000 more than B, so A's investment is (x + 5000) + 4000 = x + 9000.

Given, the total investment is 50,000.

So, x + (x + 5000) + (x + 9000) = 50,000.

3x + 14000 = 50,000.
3x = 36000.
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x = 12,000.

C's investment is x = 12,000.

B's investment is x + 5000 = 12,000 + 5000 = 17,000.

A's investment is x + 9000 = 12,000 + 9000 = 21,000.

The profit ratio is proportional to the investments.

So, A: B:C = 21,000:17,000:12,000.

Simplifying this ratio, we get A:B:C = 21:17:12.

Therefore, A's share is (21/50) × 35,000 = 14,700.

So, the correct answer is (D)

3. Lets assume, B joined for x months and A did the business for the whole year or 12 months.

A’s investment was tk 85,000 and B invested tk 42,500.

Now, the product of investment and investment time should be proportional for dividing profits.

The ratio of A & B’s profit is 3:1

So, time weighted investment ratio should be:

12
85000×42500×x = 3/1
12
850 × 425𝑥 = 3

1275x = 10200
10200
x= =8
1275

Hence, B invested money for 8 months.

So, the correct answer is (D)

4. Baker:

First 3 months: $100,000 × 3 = $300,000

Last 9 months: $150,000 × 9 = $1,350,000

Total weighted investment: $300,000 + $1,350,000 = $1,650,000

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Bodi:

First 6 months: $150,000 × 6 = $900,000

Last 6 months: $187,500 × 6 = $1,125,000

Total weighted investment: 900,000 + 1,125,000 = $2,025,000

Therefore, The total weighted investment is the sum of the individual weighted investments:
1,650,000 + 2,025,000 = 3,675,000

Calculating Profit Shares:

The profit share for each partner is calculated by dividing their weighted investment by the total
weighted investment and multiplying by the total profit.

Baker: (1,650,000/3,675,000) × 110250 = $49,500

Bodi: (2,025,000/3,675,000) × 110250 = $60,750

Therefore, Bodi receives $60750 of the total profit.

So, the correct answer is (A)

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