Unit 3-1
Unit 3-1
E \et}oo roaohon;t-J
Eo6t\ f-onvomstDD
'ffiroech',anic*!
lr.Or-odlutiorrl*
enerflY fpovers)on *:*^-.
ct *^$oe}ic oT o-\euvnc
p)ace Via the *nliLlro, "( sttr r-J fu"
ba;ng rnosb
A'eIoJ Ltre nna6 n€tic 6eld
dev; ce]'
Praornu-I [Pnve$Sion assodd'LJ urit-h
4+ Beco.-l,r:p q t't'e \oarbro
*ernbex S''th'e iiQIJ mulb
rnechon, c"ul,Q nnoY\ nfl c
11e0 au8a"n\g
u
bn s\ot,,'rlg vargioq )^€" 7"^isua},
in nolu" a! .1-, baxi-l+
a
fi -rhi$ Lonvexsircn Wr:Lad
\-eveu\ t\e Dr\o'
E nnnq u in maqneA c
e-d o^r v et r\ e,tl a.d F"orr:
Suox
x Eoagtl c-an be an 'axcl bi nfl Co] I
iY'born bg ro)ea-u q-
a rnagoetic
o L-o"cLe'
Con o,o uU-.J E-D cLn e-\Ot-bAc S
,+pu
r- - teu crel )
*{*
k 16e Coi) Cr'Lrc"-nt caw/>aA roafl nqhc lar
lo ,be eLvdr\isbeJ \n tbe C)runtr
"rflDqA-r
Ri I
1\l
I (
N a.rmatux(
J] +
{[
//
h;nge
hLbra&ed Arrno-Lux q re)oq4
7 = NQ tobfm -O
#- Ptuv- \in)ca.1e =
oD €r (r- q
bY
a-' "6eacfi
T6. =tturt \i o\t-o1e
CoLuA
\ eJn> \ ot't^2
t[) o
1t '-fRq e\rUuUfJ- e1ue'Aoa
?11 +
da
$ -_ ?R + Q'
!-.-
db
n^ dl
V= du
NtuilbiP\Y bX?
vi =- iarE oi$F
ViclF = ?"B-dV + f"{ A
ie)idu = tJn
fu-
Nour ; o pu-L c,\ a+" q-f, €-n *ru ; ntb I JaC cdr I
*@
C hle = €idt = l"l I
+k Ass u-ni n g Torb'heHrDqMnSttraf-arrncr'ttra
uD hel.d =h'Y"d c} Posi bi on Y , a-Q,[ Fha inPU] *n'ff'ff
& suoroA in rnofl n{.h-c +i da)' rfl,utP
ft en.'fll
TF,* a-bsorbed bg H'p A'Cil f,ox 6;niEe
ba\carp\uuoJyoEoh'OuuerelisonJoddtur\raNt
serye'r'*tot outs "^J
d;a
\p y hlle
*here ['we]
supflinol bg o\el-Lvic sDLrYcp-
d\s aua,1
+Tt\to-lAurnpLronetdufs'lJna\JQ''$Coflo"d
ve Scd{b-e$o '
tr ) t>> Yf
-0+ '16 e -r.QLu-ti ocrl h\P Csn be ex?r€l/ eJ a)
?= ? [),)L)
or- cr]
fl+ ) ur inAe4e-r'Aon[ Vcxrcia'So
)= )Lt'x)
t+ i u't indeP@deu vana$e
s+
+.cdnsoAst\nin8^'d{Lmctionq*{^,o
Vax\ .r)ot P/
N& = Ns[ ]'r-)
\nJ+ = w6 tfe
u'r d ebercnt on/ bU int b crn bcrn'aoul
SaIA o;n%3 *;
sualeg [a, rL) o, [f
VoJuet + the sY sLann '
*r k,
b\uo .al ecLric s)xbem 4 radfl ntA c
qstsqq_9& tr-Tiy.dr-
,r r6e 6'QId ennrg y * the ar€o beEuDeon
tfia ) .- au r ond i-a c,Ltrva d rkrL,n,.
{ Co t-en *W crl Cpenple_m,arrbct\ 6LK.eo.
!.Jd =
?)\
\i. r)dD =
l\rns q oA Bo : frdd '^tfr
of,,
J
wd = Lo -erw{\ .
\rot
\- f)
Vt+ + wd
-+-)
<>-=
nd&d 6n@
T
-+ rnrnd- + rrr i . fs
*-> Se Solf t od,u da-nce Lq co))
A
L=
T-
\ . 72 I t--,
+_11 r oa
2L 4
4d
wc [ .l Vz --) ?""fJ
),\L) = a rz-s
"*"r1
lur' ; {-g;ncs'Dr)
q *t go i nJePen"l€M
Vajm.b\€-! P q "t
,o' ci,t) - +LCr)i2- e cD-Q-ruft(
N(= P)
LA :[F- =
_l_:_L
a ap
=
"{A
W4= t'
\
,qh
+ )+ -+ f-trynelic +dd int€^/iLY
-T- =
q flux "lew'*ff
B ->
t"tagneA'c
T/-'
t-inaj-
I/H
V{,e lcno u,' ,
Itto rttl
fr ,82 +uu
$crcp
* trg ) m ndn*ru"!
"Ih" rnqnoh c fi.-td
AcnP bq
-lBn nneAan
'' co! urenr
Fedt
olwrn =
.lw*=Cwa
* dN*
Fso[v-: i"[)
d.r/(
Ftd",t- :
trJt :
o
q dt (/ cl-r
(prn B. nrfg box rrr'r
s \\ Ott'd- =o
'-5\
l\-//J--
J
D>
-
5) DwJ
RG
rg- - AY.-
zfi)-
"bl
A+=
rre Urd
DL" )
i,)t) )
8r= 7
usp-+Jp't ih
1
\
wd t\
in-w+= \
\
b)p \\ .- [ ),*)
o
l2 ? t>,*)
\,DL-
\/ wr La,")
d rp+ - Pu'q
av
dl + #A*
c.r d*- --
tAn -d uti
C*A* iAn
A LP$ Al-.sU
5tt "ty
= ah
5.,* \ An _ 5Y{ dx
(pd'
= fr- ov/ -l
€)*-
o
l- 5t, s -- 4-1
-tJ
5D
o
\
J rr{
Sw+ (h,-)
r+= -
\n robq!,'ono-[ gyb-€-rn r -J & ) A>f-
r/
T-s
swi Lr,*)
JP
r-Qae r
[rror, \iooa)
cpnlinT t\q- '[ q$-vaE"v€J nnr-uL- b<
ln ,
in ? Ax-
-
Gtr\.rIn"d
- q .*t*"fl ( rnan-0 i n CXe-rnzn* '
\
l.
I Lonswnb )
Fe . -4.p-- ConiLcLn"F)
Ar-
cW!'' [irr^,t)
\^oi tr,,.) ._ +LrL)i2
[c= s w+t1i,"1
E*
-t )e2 $
---
Lcr-)
2 EX-
c>[i-r€-q+\rO n ouL fio tcc r.d, So e,\ b',o increa*o )t
bl6 Ln ,r) : *l_
)L
a 7*)
DrDS L>,*)
t
s [-r_ 7z I
;)"L I F-i7ril
= =r L
+-
p
h2 *r*l
/\ (.-Ll
\2 l- l"JLtnl
| '
Irrr)J-aril
-E a,
Bl+r'o!
k= .-
a
) \A SiCxl
b Cr)
Di t erh' gp w go aa Eo d"o*nn SL" rnagnd;c
SForred
"*tu aL Corr: haf\t ) ,
MEo$,ani c-l o-ftott? '-
tongt&* bhdL t\a
a"crnalt uae q sro*
[.* c],ar-'gd i ts ?lsih d)
Sroro { r Vo T>
d,
\
ALll( -) tnCrea-ee \n Cl-4\a)ffi
Al,rc * =
ir.' A(^'/'
*+ t\ruc-aur Ak.
0
I
F"
'*- 5 toC (b, x)
---5o-
\z
)
t s, d^l- =- aLr+
Y-r
o
fr"s \\r,ed'ly (-gJq
-+) [?,-lt)
+l lo t^\
A(,+ = ; L't-t')
N\pm = -
Nwe :o,
pra-ttr'Gl cs)e
n
A
hz
AOto
h, o