Wa Ying College

Mathematics Extended Part Module 2

Revision Exercise
Chapter A01: Matrix and Determinants

Part A
2012−2013 S5M2T4
n
 x 0   xn 0
1. (a) Let x be a real number. Prove by mathematical induction that   =  n−1  for all positive integers
 1 x   nx xn 

n.
 4 −1  1 −1   2 0
(b) Let A =  , B =  and C =  .
4 0   3 −2  1 2
(i) Prove that C = B −1 AB .
(ii) Find An.
(7 marks)

2013−2014 S5M2T2
 a 0
2. (a) Let A =   where a and b are real numbers and a  b .
1 b
 an 0
Prove that An =  a n − b n  for all positive integers n.
n
 b 
 a −b 
2014
 3 0
(b) Evaluate   .
 2 1
 k 0  13k + 12
3
0 
(c) If   = 2
, find the value(s) of k.
 1 1   4k + 5 (k + 2) 
(9 marks)

2015−2016 S5M2T4
   1 1
3. Let A =   and B =   , where   1 .
0 1  0 1
 n  ( n − 1) 

(a) Prove by mathematical induction, that A =  n 
 − 1  for all positive integers n.
 
 0 1 
(b) Hence, evaluate
(i) ( BA)n ,
(ii) ( A + B)n .
 k 1  7 k + 6 2k + 7 
3

(c) If   =  , find the value(s) of k.

 0 1  0 (k − 2) 2 
(10 marks)
P. 1
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2015−2016 S5M2E2
 2a − a 2 
4. Let A =   , where a is a non-zero real number.
1 0 
 (n + 1)a n −na n+1 
(a) Prove that An =  n −1  for all positive integers n.
 na −(n − 1)a n 
(b) Let y0 = p , y1 = q and yn+1 = 2ayn − a 2 yn−1 for all positive integers n.
y   y 
(i) Show that  n+1  = A  n  .
 yn   yn−1 
(ii) Hence, show that yn = qna n−1 − p(n − 1)a n .
(7 marks)

2014−2015 S5M2T4
 cos sin  
5. Let 0o    90o and define A =  .
 − sin  cos 
 cos n sin n 
(a) Prove, by mathematical induction, that An =   for all positive integers n.
 − sin n cos n 
 0 m
(b) It is given that A5 + A3 + A =  . Find the value(s) of m.
 −m 0 
(7 marks)

2013−2014 S5M2E2
 a −b 
6. Let M =   , where a and b are real numbers and a  0.
b a 
(a) Prove that M is invertible.
(b) It is given that M − 30M −1 = I where I is an identity matrix. Find M.
(5 marks)

2014−2015 S5M2E2
a b
7. Let a, b, c and d be real numbers such that bc  0. Define M =   where M = M .
2

 c d 
(a) Show that a + d = 1. Express bc in terms of a.
(b) Show that M is a singular matrix.
(c) Prove by mathematical induction that (I − M )n = I − M for all positive integers n.
(7 marks)

P. 2
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2016−2017 S5M2T4 modified
 5 4  −1 2 
8. Let A =   and B =   , where b is a constant.
 2 3  b 1
(a) Solve the equation det( A −  I) = 0 … () , where I is an 2  2 identity matrix.
(2 marks)
 5 4  −1  −1
(b) Let 1 and 2 ( 1   2 ) be the roots of (). It is given that    = 1   .
 2 3  b  b
(i) Find the value of b.
(ii) Evaluate BAB−1 .
(iii) Express An in terms of n, where n is a positive integer. (6 marks)
(c) Express ( A−1 )n in terms of n, where n is a positive integer. (3 marks)

2017−2018 S5M2E2
1 3   4a 3a 
9. Define M =   . Let X =   be a non−zero real matrix such that MX = XM .
 6 −1 b c
(a) Express b and c in terms of a.
(b) Prove that X is a non−singular matrix.
(c) Denote the transpose of X by X T . Express ( X T )−1 in terms of a.
(7 marks)

2017−2018 S5 M2T4 modified)

 −3 4 
10. Let A =  .
 −2 3 
(a) Solve the equation det( A −  I) = 0 … (), where I is an 2  2 identity matrix.
(2 marks)
a b a a
(b) Let 1 and 2 ( 1   2 ) be the roots of (). Let B =  . It is given that A   = 1   ,
1 c 1 1
b b
A   =  2   and det (B) = 1.
c c
(i) Find B.
(ii) Evaluate B −1 AB .
(iii) Express An in terms of n, where n is a positive integer.
(6 marks)
−1 n
(c) Express ( A ) in terms of n, where n is a positive integer. (3 marks)

P. 3
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2019−2020 S5 M2T3
 7 3 1 0 1 a
11. Define P =   and Q =  . Let M =   such that M = 1 and PM = MQ , where a, b
 −14 −6  0 0 b c 
and c are real numbers.
(a) Find a, b and c.
 −6 −3 
(b) Define R =  .
 14 7 
(i) Evaluate M −1RM .
(ii) Using the result of (b)(i), prove that ( P +  R)999 =  999 P +  999 R for any real numbers  and .
(8 marks)

P. 4
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
Part B
2011−2012 S6M2T1
2 1  cos  − sin   x 0 1 0 
1. Let A =   , B= , C =  and I =   , where 0    .
1 2  sin  cos   0 y 0 1 2
 cos n − sin n 
(a) Prove that B n =   for all positive integers n. (3 marks)
 sin n cos n 
 2 + sin 2 cos 2 
(b) Prove that B −1 AB =  . (3 marks)
 cos 2 2 − sin 2 
−1
(c) Furthermore, B AB = C .
(i) Find , x and y.
(ii) If C n = C + I where n is a positive integer, express  and  in terms of n.
(iii) Prove that An =  A + I , where n is a positive integer. (7 marks)

2011−2012 S5M2E2
5− −3
2. (a) Solve the equation = 0 …() (2 marks)
4 −2 − 
a c
(b) Let x1, x2 (x1 < x2) be the roots of (). Let P =   . It is given that
 b 1
 5 −3  a   a   5 −3  c  c
   = x1   ,    = x2   and P = −1 ,
 4 −2  b   b   4 −2  1  1
where a, b and c are constants.
(i) Find P.
 5 −3 
(ii) Evaluate P −1  P .
 4 −2 
 5 −3 
2012

(iii) Using (b)(ii), evaluate   .

 4 −2 
2012
 5 −3  −1 
(iv) Evaluate    . (11 marks)
 4 −2  

P. 5
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2012−2013 S5M2E2
a b
3. For any matrix M =   , define tr ( M ) = a + d .
c d
e f 
(a) For any matrix N =   , prove that
g h
(i) tr ( M +  N ) =  tr ( M ) +  tr ( N ) where  and  are real numbers,
(ii) tr ( MN ) = tr ( NM ) .
(4 marks)
(b) (i) Show that M − tr ( M ) M + M I = 0 , where I is the 2  2 identity matrix.
2

(ii) If tr ( M 2 ) = 0 and tr ( M ) = 0 , show that M is singular and M 2 = 0 .

(4 marks)
 0
(c) Let A and B be 2  2 matrices such that BAB −1 =  . Show that tr ( An ) =  n +  n where n is a
0  
positive integer.
(3 marks)
(d) Let I be the 2  2 identity matrix. For any real 2  2 matrices S and T, is ST − TS = I possible? Explain
your answer.
(2 marks)

2013−2014 S5M2E2
 k + 1 −k   p 1
4. Let M =   and A =   , where k and p are real numbers and p  1.
 1 0   1 1
(a) (i) Find A−1 in terms of p.
 k 0
(ii) Show that A−1MA =  .
 p − k 1
(iii) Suppose p = k . Using (ii), find Mn in terms of k and n, where n is a positive integer.
(5 marks)
(b) A sequence is defined by
x1 = 1 , x2 = 3 and xn = 3xn−1 − 2 xn−2 for n = 3, 4, 5, …
 x   3 −2   xn−1 
It is known that this sequence can be expressed in the form of  n  =    . Using the result of
 xn−1   1 0   xn−2 
(a)(iii), express xn in terms of n.
(3 marks)

P. 6
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2014−2015 S5M2E2
5. (a) Let  and  be real numbers such that  −   4. Denote the 2  2 identity matrix by I. Define
1 1   −  + 2
A= (2I −  I + M ) and B = (2I + I − M ) , where M =  .
−+4 −+4 2  
(i) Evaluate AB, BA and A + B .
(ii) Prove that A2 = A and B 2 = B .
(iii) Prove that M n = ( + 2)n A + ( − 2)n B for all positive integers n. (8 marks)
2016
3 4
(b) Using (a), or otherwise, evaluate   . (4 marks)
1 0
2016
 3 4  −1 
(c) Evaluate    . (3 marks)
 1 0  

2015−2016 S5M2E2
 k + 7 k + 8  −1 p + 8 
6. Let M =   and B =   , where k and p are real numbers and p  −9 .
 1 0  1 1 
(a) (i) Find B−1 in terms of p.
 −1 p − k 
(ii) Show that B −1MB =  .
 0 k +8
(iii) Suppose p = k . Using (a)(ii), find Mn in terms of k and n, where n is a positive integer.
(7 marks)
2016
16 18 
(b) Evaluate   . (3 marks)
2 0
2016
16 18 −1 
(c) Evaluate    . (3 marks)
 2 0  

2016−2017 S5M2E2
2 0
7. Let A =   . Denote the 2  2 identity matrix by I.
1 2
0 0
(a) Using mathematical induction, prove that An = 2n I + 2n−1 n   for all positive integers n.
1 0
(4 marks)
 3 −1
(b) Let B =  .
1 1 
 1 1 −1
(i) Define P =   . Evaluate P BP .
 0 1 
1 −1
(ii) Prove that B n = 2n I + 2n−1 n   for any positive integer n.
1 −1

(iii) Does there exist a positive integer m such that Am − B m = m2 ? Explain your answer.

(8 marks)
P. 7
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2017−2018 S5M2E2
 + k  −  + k  1
8. Let A= , where , , k  R with   . Define X= ( A −  I) and
 −k  − k   −
1
Y= ( A −  I) , where I is the 2  2 identity matrix.
 −
(a) Evaluate XY, YX, X + Y , X2 and Y2. (4 marks)
(b) Prove that A =  X +  Y for all positive integers n.
n n n
(4 marks)
 6 −4 
2018

(c) Evaluate   . (4 marks)

 −4 6 
2018
 6 −4  −1 
(d) Evaluate    . (3 marks)
 −4 6  

2018−2019 S5M2T4
 3 −2  1 a 
9. Let A =   and P =   where a is a real numbers.
1 0  1 1 
(a) Solve the equation det( A − I) = 0 ... (), where I is an 2  2 identity matrix.
(2 marks)
 3 −2  a  a
Let 1 and 2 be the roots of () where 1 < 2. It is known that    = 2   .
 1 0  1  1
(b) (i) Find the value of a.
(ii) Prove that P is a non−singular matrix.
(iii) Evaluate P−1AP.
 d 0  −1
(iv) For any positive integer n, find d1 and d2 such that An = P  1 P .
 0 d2 
(7 marks)
(b) For any positive integer n, find A + A + ... + A in terms of n. 2 n

(4 marks)

2018−2019 S5M2E2
 −1 2 
10. Let M =   . Denote the 2  2 identity matrix by I .
 0 3
(b) Find a pair of real numbers a and b such that M 2 = aM + bI . (3 marks)
(b) Prove that 4M = (3 − (−1) ) M + (3 + 3(−1) )I for all positive integers n.
n n n n n
(4 marks)
1
(c) Does there exist a pair of 2  2 real matrices A and B such that ( M n )−1 = (−1) n A + B for all positive
3n
integers n? Explain your answers. (5 marks)

P. 8
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2020−2021 S5M2E2
2− 7
11. (a) Solve the equation = 0 … () (2 marks)
−1 −6 − 
a c 
(b) Let x1, x2 ( x1  x2 ) be the roots of (). Let P =   . It is given that
 b −1
 2 7  a   a   2 7  c  c
   = x1   ,    = x2   and P = 6 ,
 −1 −6  b   b   −1 −6  −1  −1
where a, b and c are constants.
(i) Find P.
2 7
(ii) Evaluate P −1  P .
 −1 −6 
2022
2 7
(iii) Using (b)(ii), evaluate   . (9 marks)
 −1 −6 
2022
 2 7  −1 
(c) Evaluate    . (3 marks)
 −1 −6  

2021−2022 S5M2E2
 cos − sin   
12. Define P =   , where 0    .
 sin  cos  2
 
(a) Let A =  , where  ,   R .
  
  −  sin 2  cos 2 
Prove that PAP −1 =  . (3 marks)
  cos 2  +  sin 2 
 1 3
(b) Let B =  .
 3 1
 0
(i) Find  such that PBP −1 =  , where  ,   R .
0  
1  (−2)n + 4n −(−2) n + 4n 
(ii) Using the result of (b)(i), prove that B n =   for any positive integer n.
2  −(−2)n + 4n (−2) n + 4n 
(iii) Evaluate ( B −1 )2022 . (9 marks)

2022−2023 S5M2E2
4 1  sin  − cos  
13. Let A =   and B =   , where 0    .
1 4  cos sin   2
 4 − sin 2 − cos 2 
(a) Write down B −1 and show that BAB −1 =  . (3 marks)
 − cos 2 4 + sin 2 
 0 
(b) Find the values of , 1 and 2 such that BAB −1 =  1 . (3 marks)
 0 2 
(c) Use (b) to find An, where n is a positive integer. (3 marks)
−1 2023
(d) Find ( A ) . (3 marks)

P. 9
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
Part C
2012−2013 S5M2E2
1 a 1
 
1. Let M be the matrix  a 2 0  , where a  0 .
1 0 1
 
(a) Find M−1.
 x  a 
   
(b) If M  1  =  − 2  , find the value of x.
 2  0 
   
(5 marks)
2013−2014 S5M2E2
 1 0 −1
 
2. Let A =  0 −1 1  .
 −1 1 0 
 
(a) Prove, by mathematical induction, that for all positive integers n, A2 n+1 = 3n A .
(b) Using the result of (a), Edwin proceeds in the following ways:
A3 = 3A
−1
3
A A = 3AA−1
A = 3I
Explain why Edwin arrives at a wrong conclusion.
(6 marks)

2016−2017 S5M2E2
3. (a) Let M be a 3  3 real matrix such that M T = −M , where M T is the transpose of M.
Prove that M = 0 .
 1 − a −c 
 
(b) Let A =  a 1 −b  , where a, b and c are real numbers. Denote the 3  3 identity matrix by I .
c b 1 

(i) Using (a), or otherwise, prove that A − I = 0 .
(ii) Someone claims that A5 − I is a singular matrix. Do you agree? Explain your answer.
(6 marks)
2018−2019 S5M2E2
( x +  )3 0 5
4. Let P( x) = 4 ( x +  )2 3 , where   R + , where R + is the set of positive real numbers. It is given
2 1 x+
that the coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of P ( x) is 135. Find
(a) ,
(b) P '(0) .
(5 marks)

P. 10
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
2022−2023 S5M2E2
5. Let A be a 22 real matrix such that A2 − A + I = 0 , where I is the 22 identity matrix.
(a) Prove that A3 = −I .
(b) Prove that A is non−singular.
(c) Somebody claims that ( A100 + ( A−1 )200 )−1 can be expressed in the form of  I +  A , where  and  are real
numbers. Is the claim correct? Explain your answer.
(7 marks)

P. 11
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
Answers
Part A Part B
Part A Part B
 (n + 1)(2 ) −n(2 ) 
n n−1

1. (b) (ii)  n +1  1. (c) (i) = , x = 3, y =1
 n(2 ) (1 − n)(2n )  4
 32014 0 1 1
2. (b)  2014  (ii)  = (3n − 1) ,  = (3 − 3n )
 3 −1 1  2 2
(c) −1 2. (a) 1 or 2
 n (  + 1)( n − 1)   3 1
  (b) (i)  
3. (b) (i)
  −1   4 1
 0 1  1 0
(ii)  
  ( + 1) − 2  
n n
0 2
 ( + 1) (  + 1) 
n

(ii)    −1    4(22012 ) − 3 3 − 3(22012 ) 
 0  (iii)  2012 
2n  4(2 ) − 4 4 − 3(2 ) 
2012
 
(c) k =3  4(2−2012 ) − 3 3 − 3(2−2012 ) 
(c)  −2012 
5. (b) When  = 30o , m = 2  4(2 ) − 4 4 − 3(2−2012 ) 
When  = 60o , m = 0 1  1 −1 
4. (a) (i)  
 6 0   −5 0  p − 1  −1 p 
6. (b)  ,  
 0 6   0 −5  1  k n+1 − 1 k − k n+1 
(iii)  
7. (a) a − a2 k −1  k n −1 k − k n 
8. (a) 1 or 7 (b) xn = 2n − 1
(b) (i) b =1 5. (a) (i) AB = O, BA = O, A + B = I
1  2(7 n ) + 1 2(7 n ) − 2  1  42017 + 1 42017 − 4 
(ii)   (b)  
3  7n − 1 7n + 2  5  42016 − 1 42016 + 4 
1  2(7 − n ) + 1 2(7 − n ) − 2  1  4−2015 + 1 4−2015 − 4 
(c)   (c)  
3  7− n − 1 7− n + 2  5  4−2016 − 1 4−2015 + 4 
9. (a) b = 6a and c = 2a 1  −1 p + 8 
6. (a) (i)  
1  2 −6  p+9 1 1 
(c)  
−10a  −3 4  (iii)
10. (a)  = 1 1  (−1)n+2 + (k + 8) n+1 (−1) n+1 (k + 8) + (k + 8) n+1 
 
 2 1 k + 9  (−1) n+1 + (k + 8) n (−1) n (k + 8) + ( k + 8) n 
(b) (i)  
 1 1 1  22016 + 9(18)2016 9(182016 ) − 9(22016 ) 
(b)  
 −1 0  10  182016 − 22016 9(22016 ) + 182016 
(ii)  
 0 1 1  2−2016 + 9(18−2016 ) 9(18−2016 ) − 9(2−2016 ) 
(c)  
 2(−1)n − 1 2(−1) n+1 + 2  10  18−2016 − 2−2016 18−2016 + 9(9−2016 ) 
(iii)  n+1 
 (−1) − 1 (−1) + 2 
n
2 0
7. (b) (i)  
 2(−1)n − 1 2(−1) n+1 − 2  1 2
(c)  n +1 
 (−1) − 1 (−1) + 2 
n
(iii) No
11. (a) b = −2 , a = −3 and c = 7
0 0
(b) (i)  
0 1

P. 12
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1
8. (a) XY = 0 , YX = 0 , Part C
X +Y = I , X = X , Y = Y
2 2
 2 −a −2 
1  
1  22018 + 102018 22018 − 102018  1. (a) 2 
−a 0 a 
(c)   −a  2
2  22018 − 102018 22018 + 102018   −2 a 2 − a 
1  2−2018 + 10−2018 2−2018 − 10−2018  (b) −2
(d)  
2  2−2018 − 10−2018 2−2018 + 10−2018  2. (b) No
9. (a) 1 or 2 3. (b) (ii) The claim is agreed.
(b) (i) 2 4. (a) 3
1 0 (b) 1317
(iii)  
0 2 5. (c) The claim is incorrect.
(iv) d1 = 1 , d2 = 2n
 2 n + 2 − 4 − n 2n + 4 − 2 n + 2 
(b)  n+1 n+1 
 2 − 2 − n 2n + 2 − 2 
a = 2
10. (a) 
b = 3
(c) Yes
11. (a) 1 or −5
1 7
(b) (i) P= 
 −1 −1
 −5 0 
(ii)  
 0 1
1  7 − 52022 7 − 7(52022 ) 
(iii)  
6  −1 + 52022 −1 + 7(52022 ) 
1  7 − 5−2022 7 − 7(5−2022 ) 
(c)  
6(52022 )  5−2022 − 1 7(5−2022 ) − 1 

12. (b) (i)
4
1 2 −2022
+ 4−2022 −2−2022 + 4−2022 
(ii)  
2  −2−2022 + 42022 2−2022 + 4−2022 
 sin  cos 
13. (a)  
 − cos sin  

(b)  = , 1 = 3 , 1 = 5
4
1  3n + 5n 5n − 3n 
(c)  
2  5n − 3n 3n + 5n 
1  3−2023 + 5−2023 5−2023 − 3−2023 
(d)  
2  5−2023 − 3−2023 3−2023 + 5−2023 

P. 13
CCM\2022-2025\Mathematics\M2\Chapter A01\Revision Exercise\1