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Sl.
Name of the Experiment Time Month
No.
1. To find the diameter of a spherical body 40 minutes June
310
Aim:
To determine the diameter of a spherical body using Vernier Caliper.
Apparatus required:
Vernier Caliper, given spherical body ( cricket ball).
Formula:
(i) Least count (LC) =1 Main scale division -1 Vernier scale division
LC = 1mm – 0.9 mm
LC = 0.1 mm (or) 0.01 cm
(ii) Diameter of the spherical object (d) = M.S.R. + (VC × LC) ± ZC cm
where, MSR - Main Scale Reading
VC - Vernier Coincide
LC - Least Count. (0.01 cm)
ZC - Zero Correction.
Procedure:
• Find the least count of the Vernier caliper.
• Find the zero correction of the Vernier caliper.
• Fix the object firmly in between the two lower jaws of the Vernier.
• Measure the main scale reading and the Vernier scale coincidence.
• Repeat the experiment by placing the jaws of the Vernier at different position of the object.
• Using the formula find the diameter of the object.
Average_________________________________cm
Result: The diameter of the given spherical object (Cricket ball) is _______ cm
311
Aim:
To find the thickness of the given iron nail.
Apparatus required:
Screw gauge and iron nail
Formula:
Pitch scale Reading
(i) Least Count (LC) =
No of divisions in the Head scale
(ii) Thickness (t) = Pitch scale Reading (PSR) +
Head scale coincidence (HSC) × Least Count (LC)] ± zero correction
t = PSR + (HSC × LC) ± ZC
Error:
(i) If positive error is 5 points, for zero correction, subtract 5 points.
t= PSR + (HSC × LC) – ZC
t= PSR + (HSC × LC) – 5
(ii) If negative error is 95 points, for zero correction add 5 points (100 -95 =5).
t= PSR + (HSC × LC) + ZC
t= PSR + (HSC × LC) + 5
Procedure:
• The Least count of screw gauge is 0.01 mm.
• The zero error is to be found when the two faces of the screw gauge touch each other.
• Then place the iron nail between the two faces of the screw gauge. The pitch scale reading
(PSR) and head scale coincidence (HSC) are to be noted.
• Repeat the process by placing other parts of the iron nail in the screw gauge.
• Tabulate the readings.
312
Aim:
To determine the melting point of wax using cooling curve.
Principle:
The determination of melting point is based on latent heat which is the
amount of heat required to change a unit mass (1gm) of a substance from
one state to another state without changing its temperature.
Materials Required:
Beaker, burner, thermometer, boiling tube, retort stand and clamp,wire gauze, tripod stand,
candle wax, stop watch, bowl of sand.
Procedure:
• Melt the wax in a warm water bath.
• When the wax is melted entirely, remove it from the bath, dry it and then bury it in sand.
• Record the temperature each 30 seconds while the liquid is being converted to solid.
• At the same time watch for constant temperature at which liquid and solid are present.
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Thermometer
Boiling tube
Retort stand
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with clamp
Beaker 0
Water
Candle wax
Wire gauze
Tripod stand
Bunsen burner ;
7LPH 6
Suggestion: With the help of ICT corner, the teacher can show the live video of the experiment of
melting point of wax using the link www.kau.edu.sa
313
Aim:
To measure the volume of given colourless and coloured liquids.
Materials required:
Pipette (20ml), sample liquids and beakers
Procedure:
Take a 20 ml pipette. Wash it thoroughly with water and then rinse it with the given liquid.
Insert the lower end of the pipette into the given liquid and suck the solution slowly till the
solution rises well above the circular mark on the stem. Take the pipette out of the mouth
and quickly close it with the fore finger. Take the pipette out the liquid and keep it such a way
that the circular mark on the stem is at the level of the eyes. Now slowly release the fore finger
to let the liquid drop out until the lower meniscus touches the circular mark on the stem.
Now the liquid in the pipette is exactly 20 ml. This can be transferred to an empty beaker by
removing the fore finger.
Tabulation
Sl. Nature of the
Name of the liquid Colour of the liquid Volume of the liquid
No. meniscus
1
2
3
Note:
1. Keeping the circular mark on the stem of the pipette above or below the level of the eyes will lead
to error.
2 . When colored liquids are measured, the upper meniscus should be taken into account.
3 . Never suck strong acids or strong alkalis using a pipette.
Required specimens:
1. Pisces (Fish), 2. Amphibian (Frog), 3. Reptile (Calotes), 4. Aves (Dove),
5. Mammal (Rat)
314
Sl. No. Name of the animal Habitat Body structure Body covering Locomotory organs
1 Fish
2 Frog
3 Calotes
4. Dove
5. Rat
6. I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F P L A N T A N D A N I M A L T I S S U E S
Aim:
To identify the structural features of plant and animal tissues from permanent
prepared slides.
Observation:
Identify the given plant and animal tissues.
a) Simple tissues- parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma
b) Complex tissues-xylem and phloem
c) Epithelial tissue- columnar epithelium, ciliated epithelium
d) Connective tissue- section of bone
e) Muscle tissue- skeletal muscle, smooth and cardiac muscle
f) Nerve tissue
Draw a labelled sketch and write the location and function of the tissues observed.
7. T O D E T E C T T H E A D U L T E R A N T S I N F O O D S A M P L E S
Aim:
To detect the adulterants in the given samples.
Materials required
Beakers, glass bowl, spoon and match box.
315
Observation:
8. I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F M I C R O B E S
Aim:
To identify the different types of microbes (Bacteria and Virus).
Observation:
To observe and identify the following microbes with the help of photograph/picture/permanent
slide using a compound microscope/model/biovisual chart.
a. Escherichia coli
b. Vibrio cholerae
c. Lactobacillus
d. Retrovirus (HIV)
316
Aim:
To identify the plants and animals of economic importance.
Observation:
To observe the following using specimen/photograph/picture/model.
a. Biofertilizer – Rhizobium
b. Medicinal plants – Nilavembu, Aloe vera
c. Mushroom - Agaricus bisporus
d. Indigenous cattle breed - Umblachery
e. Indian major carp - Catla catla
f. Type of Honey bees - Queen bee, Worker bee
10. I D E N T I F I C A T I O N O F A D A P T A T I O N S I N P L A N T S
Aim:
To identify the given plant specimen and list out its adaptations
1. Mesophytic plant – Tomato or Brinjal plant
2. Xerophytic plant – Opuntia
3. Aquatic plant – Eichhornia sp
4. Insectivorous plant – Nepenthes
Observation:
The given plants are identified and the following adaptations are noted.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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