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Level 4 Referee - Participant Manual 2018 March

The Level 4 Referee Participant Manual outlines the training program for developing referees, focusing on practical skills and understanding the Laws of the Game. It includes various units covering ethics, game management, foul identification, and practical officiating, with a two-year completion timeline. Upon successful completion, participants receive a Level 4 Referee certificate, valid for four years, and must engage in revalidation or upgrade processes to maintain their qualification.

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Level 4 Referee - Participant Manual 2018 March

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Match Official

Development

Level 4 Referee
Participant Manual

Name

Ma rc h 2 01 8
2 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Contents
Overview .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Unit 1 - Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image ...................................................... 5
Unit 2 - Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct .......................................................... 17
Unit 3 - Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations ............................................................................... 21
Unit 4 - Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling ................................................. 26
Unit 5 - Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play .......................................................................... 28
Unit 6 - Game Management 1 - Wall Management, the 9.15m and Penalty Kicks ............................... 30
Unit 7 - Assistant Referee Development 1 - Introduction ...................................................................... 33
Unit 8 - Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations ................................................................................................ 35
Unit 9 - Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing .......................................... 37
Units 10 and 11 - Practical Officiating ................................................................................................... 39
Program References and Resources .................................................................................................... 40

Images on front cover supplied by Football Federation Victoria and Football West

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 3

Overview
Welcome to the Level 4 Referee training program.
You have begun a very important phase in your development as a match official. The emphasis is now on
the development of your practical skills as a beginning referee, though we will also review the Laws of the
Game. The end result should be the beginning of an exciting career in football.
Substantial participation is required by you. Your presenter will summarise the type and degree of
participation expected of you given the program’s emphasis on the development of your basic refereeing and
assistant refereeing skills. There is a two-year time limit to complete this program.
Referee Career Development
There are four levels of referee qualifications ranked from lowest (Level 4) to highest (Level 1):
Qualification Target Audience
Level 4 Referee Developing referees who referee junior and youth matches.
Developing referees who referee lower divisions of adult football as well as junior and youth
Level 3 Referee
matches.
Developing referees who referee from junior to the penultimate level of senior football in their
Level 2 Referee
State, Territory or region.
Referees of matches from junior football to the highest level of senior football in their State or
Level 1 Referee
Territory and potentially at national level.
Databases and Qualifications

MyFootballClub
FFA’s MyFootballClub database stores the required personal details, including referee qualifications, of its
registered members. This data may also be provided to the Australian Sports Commission as required.

Gaining the Qualification

Once you complete this program you will receive your Referee Level 4 certificate from the organisation that
conducted the program or you can log into MyFootballClub here to print your own copy. Your qualification is
valid for a period of 4 years and all qualifications end on 31 December.
FFA reserves the right to refuse to provide a qualification or revalidate a qualification and may deregister a
participant at any time by notice in person or sent to the address advised by a participant in their
MyFootballClub record.

Maintaining Your Qualification

FFA supports their members’ needs including updating and revalidation processes. During the term of their
qualification members may be able to undertake further upgrade work, or refresher exercises to count
towards the revalidation requirements.
You must revalidate or upgrade your qualification before the qualification expires.
There are three options to maintain a referee qualification:
• revalidate by undertaking the Level 4 Referee program again; or
• revalidate by being an active referee for 4 matches and attend one formal coaching session * each year; or
• upgrade by undertaking the Level 3 Referee program.
*
A ‘formal coaching session’ may include a branch coaching session including pre-season seminar.
For more details consult the Australian Officiating Development Schedule (AODS) available on the FFA
website under the Get Involved - Referee - Resources section.
Program Resources
You need to bring this document with you to the course.
You will also need a current edition of the FFA Laws of the Game publication.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
4 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Program Summary

This training program consists of 9 theory units that should take approximately 6 contact hours. Additional
time should be allowed for breaks.
Unit 1 should be completed prior to attending the course.
There are also two practical assessments (units 10 and 11) that require additional time - normally one match
per unit. You must complete units 1 to 9 before you undertake units 10 and 11.
You are required to attend all sessions and complete all exercises to the satisfaction of your Instructor.
The timings below are approximate and depend on a number of factors including group discussions and the
number of participants. The program structure is:
Unit Title Time
Home Study - Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image variable
1
- in-class discussion 30 mins
2 Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct 30 mins
3 Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations 45 mins
4 Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling 45 mins
5 Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play 30 mins
6 Game Management 1 - Wall Management, the 9.15m and Penalty Kicks 30 mins
7 Match Official Development 1 - Introduction to Assistant Referees 45 mins
8 Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations 30 mins
9 Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing 45 mins
10 Practical Officiating 1 - Assistant Referee 1 match
11 Practical Officiating 2 - Referee 1 match

Program Competencies

On graduation from this program you will be able to:

• Summarise and discuss FFA’s Code of Conduct and the ethical behaviour expected of match officials.
(*OGP)
• Describe and action the broad duties and responsibilities of match officials including the limited role of the
official in injury management. (*OGP)
• Define the concepts of safety and fair play as applicable to matches. (*OGP)
• Describe how people can be treated with integrity, respect and empathy, regardless of gender, race,
disability or age. (*OGP)
• Detail the basic features, interpretations and requirements of the Laws of the Game.
• Identify cautionable and sending-off offences in matches.
• Prepare for officiating, present as a professional official, exhibit integrity and ethical conduct. (*OGP)
• Manage the basic risks of officiating in competition matches and abide by the associated legal
responsibilities. (*OGP)
• Check pitches and surrounding areas for potential risks and hazards prior to and during matches. (*OGP)
• Apply other basic safety and harm minimisation techniques during matches. (*OGP)
• Apply the concept of fair play during matches.
• Use a range of communication strategies that enhance relationships, minimise conflict and deal with
disputes effectively. (*OGP)
• Identify infringements of the Laws of the Game and apply the appropriate sanctions for basic law breaches.
• Execute basic referee and assistant referee roles, duties and signals.
• Demonstrate refereeing techniques in basic level matches including application of:
o positioning concept of angled view of play;
o wall management and penalty kick player management techniques;
o basic whistling techniques that are appropriate for the incident or offence.
• Work as a member of the officiating team including observation of and appropriate reaction to AR advice.
• Undertake a basic review of performances. (*OGP)
* Indicates competencies linked to NOAS Introductory Level Officiating General Principles (OGP).

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 5

Unit 1 - Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
This unit is completed as ‘home study’ and should be done prior to attending the course followed by a 30
minute class discussion.
Alternatively the whole unit can be completed as a longer classroom-based exercise for 60 minutes.

Aims
• To introduce the concepts of ethical officiating; and
• To develop a basic understanding of their professional responsibilities as match officials.

Learning Outcomes
On completion of this unit you will be able to:
• outline the broad ethical and professional responsibilities of a match official;
• describe and apply the principles of honesty, integrity and ethical conduct;
• summarise how people can be treated with integrity, respect and empathy, regardless of gender, race,
disability or age;
• describe the requirements and implications of FFA’s Code of Ethics;
• define the concept of safety as it applies to the Laws of the Game.

Resource requirements and reference materials

You’ll find the home study questions on the following pages.

Assessment Criteria
Completion of workbook exercises requiring research and recording of field and equipment specifications,
player equipment requirements and safety factors.
Australian Sports Commission - Officiating General Principles
This is based on excerpts from the ASC Online Learning Portal - “Introductory Level Officiating General Principles” 2015.

Self-Management
Officials need to be of strong character if they are to cope with the officiating environment in a positive
manner. It is important that officials know their own strengths and weaknesses in order to undertake
effective self-management.
Officials should be aware that their approach to officiating can influence participants’ experience and
enjoyment of the sport. (e.g. junior competitions are usually designed to focus on fun and skill development,
rather than winning.) Officials provide participants with leadership and guidance, facilitating and ensuring
that the competition is conducted in a safe and fair manner.
Qualities such as integrity, honesty, trustworthiness and respect are integral to the role of the official. The
official’s actions should be linked to these qualities, including the manner in which they behave and relate to
others prior to, during and following competition, how they present as an official and how they go about
undertaking their role.
The role and responsibilities of the official
It is important for officials to understand the important role that they play, and the impact they have on
participants and others. An official needs to display ethical behaviour at all times, and show integrity,
empathy and respect to others. Officials should be aware of the needs of various groups, including juniors,
athletes with a disability, indigenous athletes and other cultural groups. Most sporting organisations will
have policies, such as junior sport policies, member and/or child protection policies and disability action
plans that officials should become familiar with. Officials can contribute to an inclusive environment within a
sport.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
6 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Professional presentation and approach to officiating

Officials can be the ‘public face’ of a sporting organisation, as they are often the first person that a participant
comes into contact with when involved in a sport for the first time. It is important that officials demonstrate
professional presentation and behaviour. Officials should be:
• well presented • punctual and prepared
• trustworthy and responsible • courteous and respectful.

What do you consider to be the key roles and responsibilities of the official?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

How can officials adapt their approach when working with specific groups of participants, such as children or
people from different cultures?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

What can officials do to present a professional image?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Case Study : Integrity of officials

Officials are often placed under pressure from participants, coaches and spectators when making decisions.
This pressure can be tough on the official, but it’s important to always stay impartial.
Q 1. What strategies can you use to ensure that you remain impartial?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Case Study : Working with children

Jane is an experienced referee coach and knows many of the referees and their parents. The next state
titles are two weeks away and 150 kilometres from Jane’s home. Most of the referees can get to the
tournament with their parents, however one of the referees - Greg who is 14 years of age - cannot as his
parents will be overseas and he is staying with an aunty who does not have a car. Jane has been asked to
drive Greg to the tournament.
Q 2. What are the issues in this situation, and how should Jane respond?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 7

Quick Tips - Child-protection

• Officials should be familiar with child-protection policies and practices designed to keep children safe from harm. Go to
www.ausport.gov.au/supporting/ethics/child_protection and the Play by the Rules web site www.playbytherules.net.au
for further information.
• Although child-protection requirements vary in different states and territories, most require people who work with
children, such as officials, to undergo a national criminal history check to determine their suitability for working with
children.
• Officials should avoid situations in which an adult may be alone with a child; for example, dressing rooms or in a
vehicle when children need to be transported.

Case Study: Working with children

Bill has been refereeing football for many years at senior grades. Because of a number of referees being
unavailable Bill has been appointed to some junior matches, something he hasn’t done for some years.
Q 3. How should Bill modify his approach when officiating young children?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick Tips - Working with children

• Officials must use positive and acceptable language when talking about or to a child.
• Officials should develop a calm and non-confrontational behaviour-management style.
• Any physical contact with children (or adults, for that matter) should be in a way that makes them feel comfortable; for
example, shaking hands, or a congratulatory pat on the back.
• Officials should encourage children to be a ‘good sport’, to recognise that they have a right to feel safe, and know what
they can do if they do not feel safe.

Quick Tips - Working with people from a range of cultures and backgrounds
• Officials should acquire a basic understanding of cultural issues.
• Officials need to be aware of cultural sensitivities and beliefs, for example:
- direct eye contact is not regarded by some Indigenous people as an essential part of communication and shouldn’t
be regarded by non-Indigenous people as a lack of interest
- physical contact is sometimes regarded by Indigenous people as an invasion of personal space, unless friendship,
mutual respect and trust has been established.
• Officials should make it clear to participants that racist jokes, language and behaviour are not acceptable.
• It is important for officials to understand that people who are new arrivals to Australia may lack an awareness and
understanding of the sport.
• Language can act as a barrier to approaching and becoming involved in a sport. Officials should look for alternative
communication methods as necessary.

Professionalism
Officials need to communicate effectively with coaches
Officials should strive to work cooperatively with coaches. Respect between coaches and officials is
important. Officials can contribute to a good relationship with coaches by getting to know them “off the field”
and engaging in rational, fruitful discussions regarding officiating issues. Each official becomes the ‘face’ of
officiating at competitions. People often judge all officials by how an individual official behaves, hence the
need for professional and responsible approaches when dealing with coaches.
Working cooperatively with the players is important
It is important to remember that the competition in which the official is officiating is the most important
competition that day to those participating in it. Officials can gain the respect and trust of the participants by
speaking and behaving in a courteous and respectful manner, including the use of appropriate language.
Officials should be respectful towards all participants.
Working cooperatively with other officials is vital
Working cooperatively with other officials is important for a competition to run smoothly. The way that each
official undertakes their role often impacts on other officials. Aspects such as being punctual, understanding
each other’s roles, working cooperatively, sharing information, and completing their own duties are important
for an officiating team to work effectively. Officials should support each other and provide encouragement to
other officials to contribute to the officiating team.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
8 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Managing Environment
Officials need to manage the risks of officiating in competition, and abide by the legal responsibilities
expected of an official. Officials have the responsibility to enforce both the rules of the particular sport and to
abide by all relevant laws.
Officials have a duty to take reasonable care to avoid injury to participants, and this includes keeping up to
date on the rules of the sport, particularly rules relating to safety aspects. Officials have a role in identifying
potential risks and hazards in the competition environment (facilities, playing area, equipment and athletes)
and taking action to ensure that there is a safe environment for all.
Officials also have a role in managing injury and emergency situations. This may be as simple as enforcing
safety rules such as the blood rule, or more complex if a serious injury has occurred.

Legal responsibilities of the official

Officials have legal responsibilities that will protect participants from harm. These include:
• Duty to enforce the rules • Duty to protect participants
• Duty to warn participants • Duty to ensure that the sport can be conducted safely
• Duty to control and supervise the competition
There are a number of areas of law that affect officials. These include:
• negligence and duty of care • Privacy laws
• Child-protection legislation • Criminal law (for example assault and battery)
• Anti-Discrimination laws (including disability
discrimination and sex discrimination)

Risk management for officials

Risk management is a systematic approach to managing possible exposure to liability. The process
generally involves identifying and assessing risks, then designing and implementing a risk-reduction plan.
Regular review and modification of the plan, as well as good record keeping are all important elements of
risk management.
Specific elements of risk management for officials may include:
• Inspecting equipment • Minimising risks during competition
• Checking for potential risks and hazards in the • Enforcing safety rules and controlling the conduct of
competition environment participants
• Checking that they are covered by insurance

Emergency management procedures

In the event of an injury or emergency situation, officials have an important role to play. Officials should
ensure that they are familiar with their sport’s procedures for dealing with an injury or emergency situation.
Officials play an important role in stopping play, and enforcing safety rules such as the blood rule. While
officials may often be the first on the scene in the event of an injury, there are limits to the official's role if they
are not trained in first aid.

How can officials assist in creating a safe environment for the participants?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Which safety rules in your sport are vital for officials to implement?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 9

What do you think the official’s role should be in the event of an on-field injury or emergency?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Case Study: Safe environment

Tony is a football referee, and is about to officiate a match at a ground that he has never been to before. An
important role of the referee is to ensure that the playing field, equipment and surrounds are safe.
Q 4. What should Tony be looking for in his pre-match inspection?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick Tips - Tips for ensuring the safety of playing areas

Ensure that:
• the playing area is level, firm and free from obstructions, for example, holes or exposed sprinkler heads.
• permanent fixtures such as goal posts are padded, flexible and highly visible.
• corner posts and other field posts cannot injure participants on contact (these should be made of cardboard or other
‘non-threatening’ material).
• there is adequate lighting if playing at night.
• there is adequate matting where necessary, for example, gymnastics or high jump.
• perimeter fences are well back from the playing area.
• spectators are kept well away from the playing area.

Case Study: Safe environment

Sam is a hockey umpire and is refereeing a match in an outdoor setting. Storm clouds are brewing, and
there are rumbles of thunder and flashes of lightning nearby. The storm appears to be heading towards the
playing venue. A couple of players have suggested to Sam that he will have to stop the match. Sam recalls
that there was a recent instruction to officials about what to do in the event of a thunderstorm and lightning.
Q 5. What should Sam do in this situation?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick Tips - Risk management tips for officials

• Always inspect and clear the competition area of visible dangers.
• Cancel the contest or event if there is inclement or dangerous weather (for example, extreme heat or thunderstorms
where lightning is likely).
• Inspect and control use of both competition and protective equipment.
• Enforce the rules of the sport and control the conduct of participants (a warning to ‘tone down’ behaviour before things
get out of hand can be effective).
• Know how to deal appropriately with injury situations.
• Keep an officiating diary and record any incidents that occur during a competition.
• Seek regular evaluation of your performance and make sure you know about changes to the rules.
• Undertake training in conflict management.
• Have insurance to cover potential claims made against you and also to cover medical expenses or lost income if you
are injured.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
10 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Spotting risks
Think about the environment you officiate in and give some thought to the types of risks you may encounter.
You may be responsible for identifying and minimising risks when you officiate. Your sport’s rules will
determine your responsibilities in this area
Quick Tips - Legal responsibilities of officials
An official has a duty to:
• enforce the rules/laws of the competition.
• protect participants.
• warn participants.
• ensure that the sport can be conducted in a safe manner.
• control and supervise the competition.

Case Study: Emergency situation

The match has been going along without incident until suddenly a goalkeeper dives to catch a ball and hits
the goal post with his shoulder, yells out in pain and lies on the ground holding his shoulder.
Q 6. What action should the referee take?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick tips - For officials dealing with emergency situations

• Be aware of the emergency management plan for the venue/event
• Remain calm and composed in an emergency situation
• Ensure no additional harm is done
• Co-operate with other people or services - assist where you can
• Take mental notes of events/actions as a critical incident report may be required.

People Management
The success of an official is strongly linked to how well they manage and get on with people in the sporting
community. Effective people management skills are essential for officials working at any level of sport. The
official is involved in interacting with a wide range of people, including other officials, coaches,
administrators, participants, parents and passionate supporters.
Officials have a vital role in managing themselves, participants and others during competition. The official
sets the tone for the way in which the competition will be conducted, including the conduct of participants,
and what will be accepted or tolerated in terms of participant behaviour. Communication is an important skill
that the official needs to develop, as it plays a key role in many aspects of the official’s role during
competition.

Communication
An important ingredient in managing people is communication. Good communication is not just about
speaking well and delivering clear messages. It is about the quality of the connection between the sender of
the message and the receiver. Important aspects include:
• Confidence when communicating • Communication with a diverse range of groups
• Listening skills • Use of communication tools including voice, whistle, signals,
flags, written reports and body language
Working with other officials as part of an officiating team
Officials in many sports work as part of a team with other officials. Working together as a team is imperative
to the success of the event at hand.
Important aspects of working as an officiating team include:
• Cooperation • Communication
• Understanding each other’s roles within the officiating team

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 11

Minimising and dealing with on-field conflict situations

The officiating environment can be challenging, potentially hostile and competitive. In most sporting
situations, the potential for conflict between players is ever-present. Good officiating relies on dealing with
threatening behaviour in a professional and positive manner.
Important aspects of dealing with conflict include:
• Preventing conflict before it arises (e.g. building rapport, ensuring your approach and manner suits the
level of competition)
• Dealing with conflict in a calm, professional and constructive manner.
Dealing with abuse from spectators and others
Comments from spectators at sporting competitions are part of the officiating environment. As a group,
spectators usually exhibit highly emotional responses and often take delight in antagonising officials. Their
behaviour can be off-putting, not only to the inexperienced official.
Important aspects of dealing with spectator abuse include:
• Displaying a positive approach and manner when officiating staying calm
• Blocking out the abuse
• Remaining focused on the job at hand, and not getting distracted
• Knowing what to do if spectator abuse escalates to a point where the environment is dangerous.

How can you work cooperatively with other officials in your sport to effectively officiate a competition / event?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

How do you react when a participant, coach or parent questions you about a decision you have made during
a competition / event?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Communication Tools
Body Language
Body language is an important part of communication. It can let others know information about us, and can
alert us to the intentions of others. Officials can create a positive atmosphere with their own body language.
Think about the following:
• Make eye contact, but don’t stare or glare • Use your hands confidently when talking
• Keep your head up and smile when possible • Don’t slouch, sit up straight and relax your shoulders
• Nod when someone else is talking to indicate you • Don’t cross your arms or legs as it might make you
are listening seem defensive or guarded
Communication and listening tips
Officials need to use a range of communication styles, appropriate to each situation. There are times when
the official needs to be assertive e.g. when a participant is questioning a decision in a demonstrative
manner. At other times, the official will use a less-assertive and calm approach, such as when the
competition is being conducted in a good spirit.
It is often said that how officials ‘sell’ their decision is the most important thing. This includes the official
using:
• a strong clear voice • a confident, decisive manner
• appropriately chosen words

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
12 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Officials also need to listen effectively, so they can respond appropriately. Officials should ensure that they:
• Listen attentively • Do not interrupt
• Listen reflectively by restating in ordinary speech • Avoid emotional responses (listening stops when an
what the person said exchange becomes heated).
Officials need to communicate effectively with players
Officials need to use a range of communication styles, appropriate to each situation. There are times when
the official needs to be assertive and at other times, a calm quiet approach works best. The official needs to
use their voice effectively, by being clear, concise and confident when they speak. They also need to listen
effectively, so they can respond appropriately.
Case Study: Working with other officials
Gary is an Australian football field umpire. He is umpiring a match with two goal umpires and two boundary
umpires. The match is progressing well. During the final quarter a player has a quick kick at goal. The goal
umpire is not in good position to judge the score but the boundary umpires are standing in the correct
position behind the behind post. Gary detects that the goal umpire is unsure of the score and appears a little
flustered.
Q 7. Players are hassling the goal umpire to signal a goal. What can Gary do?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Quick Tips - Working as an officiating team

• Communicate with colleagues in a clear and concise manner.
• Co-operate with colleagues in a positive way.
• Support each other, this helps build a strong team.
• Be honest and share information with each other.
• Be aware of your roles/responsibilities in certain situations, this can reduce confusion and ultimately strengthen a
team’s performance.

Quick Tips - Dealing with spectator abuse

• Remain composed.
• Don’t respond in any way to the abuse, either verbally or non-verbally.
• Block out the abuse by focussing on the matter at hand.
• Develop a simple strategy to regain concentration if you have been distracted by spectator abuse - this could be a
couple of questions to yourself about some aspects of officiating e.g. technical or procedural “where is the ball/players,
where should I be positioned at the moment?”
• Be aware of actions you can take, or are expected to take in response to abuse.

Quick Tips - Dealing with conflict with a participant

• Prevention is always better than cure! If action is taken early in the match, conflict is less likely to occur.
• Make participants aware of your presence by reacting immediately to rule/law infringements (when appropriate).
• Be approachable and be prepared to listen to what a participant has to say.
• Remain objective, no matter what prior knowledge of participants/teams you have.
• Be definite and firm with decisions and communication.
• Look sharp and act sharp - this will gain respect for you as an official.
• Speak clearly and firmly in heated situations. This will indicate confidence in managing the situation.
• Stay cool and calm if things starts to get heated.

Quick Tips - Dealing with conflict with a coach

• Don’t take criticisms personally.
• Remember that coaches see the competition from a different perspective to the officials.
• Be prepared to listen to a coach (only if you are treated respectfully).
• Allow the coach to have their say (don’t interrupt).
• Focus only on the issue/s and don’t be distracted.
• Reinforce - “I can only call it as I see it”

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 13

Model Answers
Q 1. What strategies can you use to ensure that you remain impartial?
The official could use some of the following strategies:
• Blocking out the comments from players, coaches and others and ensuring that they focus on what is
happening in the competition.
• Ensuring that they always behave professionally, and make decisions based on what they see, rather than
responding to pressure from others.
• Avoiding any situation that may lead to a conflict of interest.
Q 2. What are the issues in this situation, and how should Jane respond?
• The main issue is Greg potentially being alone in a car with an adult, which is not advisable.
• Jane should speak with Greg and his aunty to see if they are happy for Greg travel with her.
• Jane should ensure that there is another person travelling in the car along with Greg. This would minimise
a potential risk of harm occurring to Greg and any innuendo directed at Jane.
Q 3. How should Bill modify his approach when officiating young children?
• Bill should check if any modified rules are in place for the age group he is umpiring.
• He should remember that junior players will not have the same physical strength or skill as senior players,
so this may affect his positioning.
• Bill can assist players by offering encouragement and taking a ‘teaching’ role and try to ensure that the
young players have an enjoyable experience.
Q 4. What should Tony be looking for in his pre-match inspection?
• Inspect the playing surface - check for dangers such as broken glass, exposed sprinkler heads, or holes in
the ground. He should also check whether the ground is too wet or dry.
• Check the equipment and surrounds - including goal post padding and signage not too close to the playing
area
• Check player's personal equipment - this includes boots, pads, clothing, jewellery, nails and other
equipment.
Q 5. What should Sam do in this situation?
• Sam should keep an eye on the approaching storm, and be in contact with the ground officials who may
make the decision to stop all matches.
• Sam may need to use his own judgement about stopping the match if the weather changes rapidly.
• Sam should liaise with the team captains and explain that the match may be stopped. He should ask them
to cooperate with him and assist in getting the players to leave the ground and seek shelter if needed.
Q 6. What action should the referee take?
This should include:
• stopping the match immediately and request medical assistance.
• remain calm and show leadership to others.
• ensure that the goalkeeper is safely removed by qualified medical personnel before re-commencing the
match.
Q 7. Players are hassling the goal umpire to signal a goal. What can Gary do?
• Gary should ask the players to move away from the area and calling the goal umpire and boundary
umpires together to discuss the situation.
• The discussion should be carried out quickly and calmly, seeking input from everyone to reach the correct
decision.
• Once the decision is made and communicated, Gary needs to be alert for any player who tries to dispute
the decision or argue with the goal umpire, as he may need to take further action.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
14 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

FFA National Code of Conduct

The FFA National Code of Conduct is available from the FFA website www.ffa.com.au.
Some excerpts from the Code are duplicated below. Consult the FFA website for full wording.
1. Application and scope
1.1 This Code of Conduct aims to promote and strengthen the reputation of football in Australia by establishing a standard
of performance, behaviour and professionalism for its participants and stakeholders. In addition, it seeks to deter
conduct that could impair public confidence in the honest and professional conduct of Matches or in the integrity and
good character of its participants.
1.2 This Code ... forms part of the FFA Statutes and applies to the conduct and behaviour of FFA, Member Federations,
Competition Administrators, Clubs, Players, Officials and Agents (Members); applies to all forms of organised football
under FFA’s jurisdiction ...;

2. Bringing the game into disrepute

2.1 A Member must not bring FFA or the game of football into Disrepute.
2.2 ... brought football into Disrepute ... (includes)...: discriminatory behaviour...; harassment, including sexual harassment
or any unwelcome sexual conduct ...; offensive behaviour... offensive, obscene or insulting gestures, language, chanting;
... incitement of hatred or violence; ... spectator or crowd violence;... intimidation of Match Officials, including use of
violence or threats to pressure a Match Official to take or omit to take certain action;

3. Liability for supporter and spectator conduct

3.1 A Club is responsible, and liable, for the conduct and behaviour of its supporters, whether at home or away Matches.
3.2 Each patron at a Match must comply with the Spectator Code of Behaviour. It is the host Club’s responsibility to ensure
this Spectator Code of Behaviour is implemented and enforced against all spectators...
3.3 A guest Club is liable for improper conduct among its own group of supporters. Supporters occupying the guest sector
of a stadium are regarded as the guest Club’s supporters, unless proven to the contrary.

4. Betting, match fixing and corruption

4.1 A Member must not engage, directly or indirectly, in... any bet, wager, gamble or any other form of financial
speculation where the relevant person stands to win or gain from the win, draw or loss of any Club competing in a
Match; ... the throwing or fixing of a Match; or ... any conduct or behaviour intended to unfairly affect the result of a
Match ...
4.2 A Player, an Official and an Agent must not ... accept bribes through the offer, promise or acceptance of any Benefit in
return for violating his or her duties; ... provide for a Benefit any information concerning a Club…

5. Disparaging media statements

5.1 A Member must not make any statement in public, including any contribution to television, radio or print media that: ...
is disparaging of a Match Official, opposition team or any Player or Team Official; ...
5.3 A Member must not make or issue any public or media statement or release that incorporates a reference to FFA or an
FFA property... without FFA’s prior written consent.

What are implications for you in the FFA Code of Conduct?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Who do you report issues to?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 15

Additional notes
Laws containing legal consequences and requirements include:
• Law 1: safe playing field, flag posts - specifications, goal posts secure;
• Law 2: safety check of match balls;
• Law 4: safety of players’ equipment including jewellery requirements;
• Law 5: authority, powers and duties of the referee including player protection, application of the Laws,
injuries to players and the ‘blood rule’, suspension or termination of matches; disciplinary actions;
• Law 6: duties of the assistant referees.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Online Resources
Football Federation Australia (www.ffa.com.au) for all the latest news and resources for Australian referees.
The Australian Sports Commission (www.ausport.gov.au) offers a range of resources.
Play by the Rules (www.playbytherules.net.au) offers free advice on a range of current topics and provides
various resources for individuals and organisations.
Sports Medicine Australia (sma.org.au) has a range of sport health resources.
The Australian Alcohol and Drug Foundation's Good Sports program (goodsports.com.au) supports
community sporting clubs to provide safe, healthy and family friendly environments.
The Australian Sports Anti-Doping Authority (ASADA) (www.asada.gov.au) protects Australia's sporting
integrity through the elimination of doping.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
16 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Be a Complete Referee

It’s not just about applying the Laws! Are you serious about being the best referee you can possibly be? If
so there are basic elements to develop.

Your Preparation

Pre-season build up
Long term goals
Physical Preparation
Tomorrow’s match: • Fuel up • Hydration and rehydration
Recovery techniques

Stress control
Mental Preparation Review of previous match
Planning improvements

Application

Communicate with: • Players • Officials • Colleagues

Interpersonal Skills
Using oral and body language

Control of match
Match Skills - 3 Key Areas Decision making: • Law application • Law interpretation
Communicating (see above)

Review and Planning

Self-assessment - the RIPA cycle:

Review you think about the match you have just officiated.

Identify skills or techniques you believe you carried out really well. That’s the good bit. Now identify skills
and techniques you think you could and should improve.

Plan ways to improve no more than two of the items you have identified above in your next match.

Action! carry out your plans when you next officiate. You could also tell a mentor or an observer, if one is
present, what you intend to do. These people can then focus on those elements and give you
some specific feedback.

(BT: 03/2013 revision)

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 17

Unit 2 - Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 30 minutes.

Aims
To review aspects of the Laws of the Game relating to fouls and misconduct.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• identify and distinguish between fouls punished by a DFK or an IFK;
• identify offences resulting in cautions and send offs.

Free Kicks

1. When can free kicks be awarded?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the seven fouls that result in a direct free kick where the action must be careless, reckless, or
excessive force?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What are the other fouls that also result in a direct free kick?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Other notes regarding direct free kicks:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
18 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

4. What are the offences committed by a goalkeeper in their own penalty area that result in an indirect free
kick?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What other fouls can result in an indirect free kick?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Other notes regarding indirect free kicks:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Sanctions

1. Who may be sanctioned by a yellow or red card?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When can the referee take disciplinary action?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 19

3. What are the offences that result in a caution (yellow card)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Four of these can also be applied to substitutes or substituted players:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What are the offences that result in a send-off (red card)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
20 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Restart of Play

1. How is play restarted:

If the ball is out of play?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

If the ball is in play and a player commits a foul inside the field?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

If the ball is in play and a player commits a foul outside the field?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

If a player standing on or off the field of play throws an object at an opponent on the field of play?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Play is restarted with an indirect free kick if a:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 21

Unit 3 - Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 45 minutes.

Aims
To examine the practical applications and implications of Laws relating to fouls.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• understand the implications of players acting recklessly, carelessly or using excessive force;
• recognise charging and holding opponent offences;
• correctly recognise hand balls;
• interpret and apply Law 12 to make basic level decisions about incidents in pre-recorded match segments.

Fouls

1. What do the terms “careless”, “reckless” and “excessive force” mean?

Careless: ____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Reckless: ____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Excessive force: ______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the definition of “charging”?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Other notes regarding charging an opponent:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What does holding an opponent mean?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Other notes regarding holding an opponent:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
22 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

4. What is the definition of handling the ball?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

What must the referee take into consideration?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Are there any goalkeeper restrictions or exemptions?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Handball and a caution for unsporting behaviour?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What is the definition of “playing in a dangerous manner”?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

What are the disciplinary sanctions?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 23

6. What is the definition of impeding the progress of an opponent?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What are the caution offences for delaying the restart?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Notes regarding when an object (including the ball) is thrown.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

What is the restart?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
24 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

9. What is the definition of “denying a goal or goal-scoring opportunity”?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Goalkeepers

1. When is the goalkeeper considered to be in control of the ball?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. When is the goalkeeper not permitted to handle the ball?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 25

3. What are the offences against a goalkeeper that result in an indirect free kick?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Video Incidents

Your presenter will now take you through some video incidents. Two ticks () are required for each video.
Free Kick place a  in one of the following
None = No Foul IDK = Indirect Free Kick DFK = Direct Free Kick Pen = Penalty
Sanction place a  in one of the following
None = No Sanction YC = Yellow Card/Caution RC = Red Card/Send Off
If you make a mistake put a line through the tick -  - and tick another response.
Free Kick Sanction Free Kick Sanction
Video Video
None IDK DFK Pen None YC RC None IDK DFK Pen None YC RC
1 4

2 5

3 6

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
26 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Unit 4 - Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 45 minutes on a playing field.

Aims
• To teach a referee’s signals.
• To teach the referee’s basic whistling skills and techniques.
• To practise these skills and techniques in a training setting.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• understand and be able to demonstrate the signals a referee makes during a match;
• explain the role of the whistle as your primary communication tool;
• demonstrate basic variations in whistle volume, intensity and length to complement the seriousness of the
nominated incident.

Resource Requirements & Reference Materials

• Whistle
• This document

Resources for this unit are contained within FFA’s publication of the Laws of the Game.
Assessment Criteria
• Presenters/facilitators have a checklist to tick off the competencies you display;
• These competencies are checked again during your practical officiating;
• The assessment checklist includes:
General Items
• Achieves clarity • Achieves acceptable quality
• Volume variations - soft to loud • Length variations - short and clear
• Length variations - long and clear
Specific Applications
• Whistle for Captains pre-toss • Kick-off
• End of period • End of match
• Ball out of play - when deemed necessary • Contested corner kick / goal kick
• Minor foul • Serious foul / offence
• Serious incident - players running to location • To get immediate attention - serious
• Players’ scuffling in group • Ball in net - goal disallowed
• To get players’ attention e.g. position for throw-in

1. Holding and carrying the whistle.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 27

2. When the whistle is to be used.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

3. When the whistle is not used.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Ball out of play: minimal use unless unclear that ball has gone out of play; danger of overuse and
devaluing of whistle’s impact.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Wait = short, firm whistle (for subs, etc.).

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Law infringement or minor foul = clear, short whistle.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Serious foul = strong, longer whistling, high intensity, etc.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

8. Very serious foul, players scuffling, etc. = persistent whistling, highest intensity, closeness.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Getting rapid attention = multiple blasts, strong and insistent whistling.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Restarts after breaks.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
28 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Unit 5 - Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 30 minutes on a playing field.

Aims
To analyse and practise the important wide left diagonal movement technique.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• describe the key elements of the wide left diagonal movement and positioning concept;
• implement this concept in a training setting.

FIFA Definition

“The best position is one from which the referee can make the correct decision.”
IFAB Laws of the Game

Positioning

Positioning with the ball in play

Recommendations
The play should be between the referee and the lead assistant referee.
The lead assistant referee should be within the referee’s field of vision. The referee should use a wide
diagonal system.
Staying towards the outside of play makes it easier to keep play and the lead assistant referee within the
referee’s field of vision.
The referee should be close enough to see play without interfering with play.
“What needs to be seen” is not always in the vicinity of the ball. The referee should also pay attention to:
• Aggressive individual player confrontations off the ball
• Possible offences in the area towards which play is heading
• Offences occurring after the ball is played away.

Positioning in ball out of play situations

The best position is one from which the referee can make the right decision. All recommendations about
positioning are based on probabilities and must be adjusted using specific information about the teams, the
players and events in the match up to that point.
The positions suggested in the following graphics are basic and recommended to referees. The reference to
a “zone” is intended to emphasise that every recommended position is actually an area within which the
referee is most likely to optimise his effectiveness. The zone may be larger, smaller or differently shaped
depending on circumstances at the moment in question.
Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 29

Wide Diagonal System

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Angled View of Play

In this program we will cover the first aspect of positioning - the angled view of play.
The first priority for a referee is to see what has happened, or is about to happen. In other words the referee
must have an angled view on play. There are two basic types of angle.
External Internal

Where the referee is outside or to the left side of Where the referee is inside the play or to the right
play. side of play.
From this position the referee can see through the In this case many players may not be in the
point of contact, will have the majority of players in referee’s view and the play may not be between
view and will have play between the referee and the referee and the assistant.
the assistant.
Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
30 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Unit 6 - Game Management 1 - Wall Management, the 9.15m and Penalty Kicks
Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 30 minutes on a playing field and classroom.

Aims
To analyse and practise recommended wall management protocols (WMP), penalty kick sequences and their
common restart procedures.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to describe and apply in a practice setting:
• the recommended steps in wall management sequence employed for free kick restarts;
• the recommended steps in the penalty kick sequence;
• other common restart techniques.

Formal Free Kick Wall Management

Formal free kicks (sometimes called ceremonial free kicks) require the management of both defending and
attacking players. Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly the FFA section titled
“Additional Information for Australian Match Officials”. We’ll work through the main steps now.
1. Place the ball
For a ceremonial free kick the ball should be placed where the offence occurred. Move to this spot and
have the ball put on the ground.
2. Show the whistle
Hold up your whistle so the attacking players can see it and tell them not to take the kick until the whistle
is blown.
3. Move to the wall
When the attackers clearly acknowledge that the kick cannot be taken until the whistle is blown, move
either sideways or backwards maintaining a view of the ball. Do not walk away with your back to the ball
as an attacker may move the ball away from the correct spot.
4. Deal with the nearest problem
Often referees will keep moving to where most of the defenders are, walking past other defenders nearer
to the ball. Deal with the closest players first and have them come back with you to the 9.15m.
5. Establish the 9.15 metres
Move to where you want the wall. Use your voice and presence to bring the wall back as you move.
Avoid using your whistle as it may be mistaken for the restart signal.
6. Once the wall is placed
Move out to one side, slightly in front of the wall but where you can still be seen by the players in the wall.
Referees need to be aware of attackers pushing, charging or holding in the wall.
7. Blow the whistle
When all is in readiness and players are settled whistle to restart the match.
8. As the kick is taken
Move towards the goal line and into the next phase of play. This will put you in a place where you can
clearly see what happens. If the attack breaks down just move to monitor the next zone of play.
Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 31

Quick Free Kicks

Quick free kicks - here is a guide to assist you:

• If an attacker is fouled close to the penalty area you need to consider that it may be advantageous for the
attacking team to be provided with the opportunity to take a quick free kick.
• Once the whistle is blown for the foul ask the attacking team if they want to take a quick free kick.
• If they say ‘yes’ and they take the free kick quickly they have given up the right to re-take it - even if it hits a
defender who is closer than 9.15m or they shoot for goal and miss.
Note: you should move quickly into position for the next phase of play.
• If they don’t want to take it quickly then you commence the process for a formal (sometimes called
‘ceremonial’) free kick.
Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Managing the 9.15m

Remember that defending players must be 9.15m from the ball at free kicks. This includes in front of the
ball, to the side or even behind.

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
32 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

The Penalty Kick Sequence

Sometimes in a match the referee can follow a set routine and be better off by doing so. The penalty kick is
one such case. We’ll work through the following recommended steps.
Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly the FFA section titled “Additional Information for
Australian Match Officials”.
1. Note on the field below the position of:
R = referee AR = assistant referee K = kicker GK = goalkeeper

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 33

Unit 7 – Match Official Development 1 - Introduction to Assistant Referees

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 45 minutes on a playing field.

Aims
To provide a practical introduction to the duties of the assistant referee.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to perform in a training environment the basic roles of an
assistant referee.
Responsibilities

Review the duties of the assistant referees according to the Laws of the Game.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assistant Referee Signals and Positioning - Summary

A productive teaching process is to have each skill demonstrated followed by concentrated periods of
practice. You will need an AR flag, and if possible a marked ground, or a line that can act as the touch line.
Always keep your flag unfurled when officiating.
Remember that the flag is an extension of your arm.
Maintain signals until acknowledged by the referee. Your flag offers advice it does not issue an order.
Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FIFA’s “Interpretation of the Laws of the Game
and Guidelines for Referees” section for images illustrating recommended positions, signals and
movements.

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
34 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

The Key Techniques

Movement
• Sideways, side stepping, facing the pitch; unfurled flag carried in left hand (that’s the side closest to the
referee);
• Turn to sprint - keep shoulder to the field when running, unfurled flag on touch line side of your body;
• Always be in line with second last defender; or ball if it’s closer to goal;
• Flag kept facing inside field of play - referee can always see it;
• Flag kept stable when moving along touch line - wobbling flag could catch the referee’s eye;
Signals - in general
• Look for referee first: check referee’s position, get eye contact;
• One-part signals preferred;
• Use the wait and see technique to allow play to continue if the team against which an offence has been
committed seems likely to gain an advantage by not stopping play. Maintain eye contact with the referee.
Signals - specific
• Offside: right hand; show one of three ball positions for restart;
• Goal kick: right hand;
• Corner kick: right hand;
• Throw-in: right hand = attacker’s TI; left hand = defender’s TI;
• Foul: attacker’s FK = raise flag with right hand ready to complete the signal if the referee accepts your
advice;
• Foul: defender’s FK = raise flag with left hand ready to complete the signal if the referee accepts your
advice;
• Penalty: discuss and confirm required actions and advice with referee prematch;
• Similarly a discrete hand gesture might give support to the referee - discuss this;
• Time: use a discrete hand signal, as agreed;
• Talk to me: gain eye contact; might agree on a discrete signal to confirm your request;
• Substitution: use the recommended signal when the ball is next out of play.

(BT: 01/2013 revision)

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 35

Unit 8 - Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 30 minutes on a playing field and in a classroom.

Aims
To revise, analyse and apply the offside Law.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• explain the basic components and interpretations of the Offside Law;
• apply correct sanctions for Law infringements shown in pre-recorded match clips.

Offside Review

This session revises the FFA Laws of the Game program materials and uses match segments to expand and
consolidate your skills.
1. We will revisit and consolidate the main elements of Law 11. Use the space below to make notes as your
presenter works through this section with you. Here are the key elements.
a. It is not an offence in itself to be in an offside position;
b. When a player is in an offside position;
c. Three occasions when a player may be penalised for being in an offside position;
d. Current FIFA interpretations and advice;
e. Sanction (punishment) for offside;
f. Assistant ref’s position and signal for offside (this will be practised in unit 5);
g. Type of restart;
h. Referee’s signal for restarting the match from an offside.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Record below any additional features of this Law not noted above.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
36 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

3. You will be shown selected match clips and a summary of Law 11. If so, record below any additional
features of this Law not noted above as you watch the clips.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Your presenter may stop each clip before the correct decision and reasons are given. There is space
below for up to seven clips; record your decision and the key reasons for your decision below. How did
you go?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 37

Unit 9 - Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing

Unit Outline

Nominal Time
Approximately 45 minutes.

Aims
• To identify match record requirements.
• To practise writing a match incident report.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of this unit you will be able to:
• list all elements you need to record during a match;
• write a mock report about an incident viewed in a pre-recorded match.
When you officiate you will be required to demonstrate your ability to complete a record of the match; and
where required, submit reports to a Football Association.
The Referee’s Notebook
Referees are required to keep a record of the match, as should the assistant referees. Most officials carry a
small folder in their pocket to record the important details. They will help you to record easily what happens
and when it happens. Ask colleagues to show you examples of the formats they use and adopt or develop a
model that suits you. Alternatively, buy a commercially produced version.

What should be recorded?

Check what information your local associations may require to note and report. Here is a generic listing of
the important data that you should record.
• Team names and shirt colours;
• Shirt number of both captains - you may want to talk to one of them;
• Team that kicked off;
• Actual kick off times for each half (in case your stop watch may stop);
• Length of each half;
• Goal scorers and times;
• Substitutions - the shirt number of players who come on/go off and time;
• Cautions (YC) - player number, time, team/colour and incident/reason;
• Send-offs (RC) - player number, time, team/colour and incident/reason;
• Shirt numbers of players to ‘keep an eye on’ - e.g. frequent offenders;
• Details of other incidents;
• If the match goes to Kicks from the Penalty Mark shirt numbers of players taking kicks and whether each
kick results in a goal or not.
At half time and full time check all key details with your assistants, just to ensure that you’re all at the same
match. You may choose to record other details. It’s up to you.
(BT: 04/2013 revision)
Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
38 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Sample Notebook Page

Use the space below to complete a sample page in a notebook for the records of one match.

A Guide to Writing Send Off Reports

Refer to the FFA Laws of the Game publication particularly FFA’s “Additional Information for Australian
Match Officials” section for information and instructions on writing send-off reports.
Your instructor will show you a match incident and ask you to write a basic report on what you have seen
occur and what actions were taken.
Who do your send off reports or incident reports get lodged and by when?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Additional Notes

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
Football Federation Australia Match Official Development 39

Units 10 and 11 - Practical Officiating

Unit Outline

Prerequisites
Units 1 - 9 must be completed before undertaking these units.

Aims
To officiate as an assistant referee and as a referee.

Learning Outcomes
At the completion of these two units you will have demonstrated your ability to perform the basic roles of an
assistant referee (unit 10) and as a referee (unit 11) in a competitive environment.
Pre-match Checklist for Match Officials

These are generic lists for colleagues who are relatively new to officiating.
Don't leave your preparation until the last minute - check a couple of days ahead that all items are in good
order and that repairs needed are carried out. Everything should be clean, including your footwear. Give
yourself plenty of time to pack your bag and check off items. If someone helps you to pack find a way to
check that all your gear has been included. Amend this list to suit the needs of the competition(s) you
service. Put some of the small items in a container such as a plastic lunch box.
Paperwork
Ground location guide and team details, e.g. Association Year Book Appointment sheet
Ref’s Guide, e.g. your Referee Manual or Branch Handbook FFA Laws of the Game
Competition rules, including substitutions, times, payments, etc. Road guide
Your notes covering your (referee) instructions to assistant referees Vital phone numbers
Match Card (if not supplied by Clubs) Ground entrance pass
Uniform and Footwear
Boots (suitable for ground conditions) in plastic bag Officially approved hat
Inner soles or inserts if you use them Spare laces
Socks (left and right feet) Velcro or tape to hold socks up
Sports underwear Shorts
Shirts (more than one in case of colour clashes) Official referee badge (if detachable)
Equipment
Pair of clean assistant referee flags Red and yellow cards
2 watches, at least 1 with a stop watch function Note book/record sheet folder
2 pens/pencils 2 whistles
Ball gauge & valve for pressure, weight and circumference Coin
Everything Else
Water - essential - on a hot day you could sweat 2 litres per hour Sports glasses (if needed)
High energy snacks (e.g. jelly snakes for half time and end of match) Towel and soap
Sunscreen with a high protection factor Insect repellent
Band aids, strapping, support bandages Track suit
Street Clothes
Your appearance will be noted when you arrive at your ground. Create a positive first impression. Where
there are changing facilities ensure that you wear clean and tidy street clothes to the ground. If there are no
suitable facilities make sure that your track suit is appropriate. If officiating at important matches take even
greater care. Check what the players wear and dress at least as well as they do, if not better.
Your Additional Items
Add other items you need and review this list regularly.
(BT: 08/13 revision)

© Football Federation Australia 2018 Level 4 Referee Last Updated March 2018
40 Football Federation Australia Match Official Development

Program References and Resources

Asian Football Confederation (AFC): Teaching Materials (various)
Australian Sports Commission (ASC): online Officiating General Principles 2015
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA): Teaching Materials (various)
Football Federation Australia (FFA): 2017/18 Laws of the Game, Sydney NSW, 2017
Acknowledgements

For their support and guidance Football Federation Australia (FFA) acknowledges the Australian Sports
Commission (ASC) and its specialist staff.
FFA wishes to especially acknowledge the original work done by Bill Tattersall, Barry Such and Alan Kibbler
in the preparation of the original development programs under the National Officiating Accreditation Scheme.
Sincere thanks to all other contributors who have generously made their materials, time and ideas available
to FFA.
Copyright

All Rights Reserved. This work is copyright under the Commonwealth of Australia Copyright Act 1968. No
part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written consent of
Football Federation Australia.
Course materials developed by FFA may only be utilised as part of FFA development programs. FFA
development programs can only be delivered, in whole or in part, for registered members of FFA and
affiliated organisations to FFA.
Disclaimers

The views expressed in this work do not necessarily represent the views of FFA. FFA does not give
warranty nor accept any liability in relation to the content of this work.
Training or medical advice is given in good faith. However, this advice is general in nature. It remains the
responsibility of each person to discuss all training and medical advice with training professionals and their
own medical practitioners before adopting any advice or undertaking training programs. It is strongly
recommended that active Referees submit themselves to thorough medical checks at least annually.

Referee Education
Football Federation Australia
Level 22, 1 Oxford St, Darlinghurst NSW 2010
phone: (02) 8020 4000
email: [email protected]
web: www.ffa.com.au

Name __________________________________________ Date Observed _

Instructions
During this drill the observer should tick off the items as they are demonstrated. When an item has been ticked
twice the referee can be considered to have achieved competency in that skill. Re-teach and drill as necessary.
General Items 1st Check 2nd Check
Achieves clarity .............................................................................  
Achieves acceptable quality......................................................  
Volume variations - soft to loud ...............................................  
Length variations - short and clear .........................................  
Length variations - long and clear ...........................................  

Specific Applications
Whistle for Captains pre-toss ...................................................  
Kick-off .............................................................................................  
End of period..................................................................................  
End of match ..................................................................................  
Ball out of play - when deemed necessary ..........................  
Contested corner kick / goal kick .............................................  
Minor foul ........................................................................................  
Serious foul / offence ..................................................................  
Serious incident - players running to location .....................  
To get immediate attention - serious ......................................  
To get players’ attention e.g. position for throw-in ............  
Players’ scuffling in group ..........................................................  
Ball in net - goal disallowed.......................................................  

Any additional coaching advice

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment Decision  Competent  Not Yet Competent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessor’s name Signature Date

Name __________________________________________ Date Observed _

Instructions
During and at the end of the match the observer should tick off the items observed - use the boxes. When the
item has been noted (once or twice - see below) the assistant referee has demonstrated that competency.
Observers are encouraged to write a coaching sheet to provide additional feedback.
General Items 1st Check 2nd Check
Arrived in good time for the match .......................................... 
Good personal appearance....................................................... 
Uniform complete, clean, presentable ................................... 
Equipment complete, in good order ....................................... 
Records significant events during the match .......................  
Positive attitude and presentation ...........................................  
Performance of Duties
Attends pre-match instructions ................................................ 
Carries out pre-match instructions ..........................................  
Basic positioning OK ...................................................................  
Basic movement pattern OK .....................................................  
Signals: generally sharp and clear ..........................................  
Signals: correct for goal kick .....................................................  
Signals: correct for throw in.......................................................  
Signals: correct for corner kick .................................................  
Signals: correct for penalty ........................................................  
Signals: one part when appropriate ........................................  
Holds flag in appropriate hand .................................................  
Didn’t ‘take over’ from Ref ......................................................... 
Carries flag pitch side..................................................................  
Regular eye contact with ref .....................................................  
Enters and leaves field with colleagues ................................  
Gives support, assistance .........................................................  
Monitors Technical Area ............................................................  

Any additional coaching advice

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment Decision  Competent  Not Yet Competent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessor’s name Signature Date

Name __________________________________________ Date Observed _

Instructions
During and at the end of the match the observer should tick off the items observed - use the boxes. When the
item has been noted (once or twice - see below) the referee has demonstrated that competency. Observers are
encouraged to write a coaching sheet to provide additional feedback.
General Items 1st Check 2nd Check
Arrived in good time for the match................................... 
Good personal appearance, uniform clean ..................... 
Equipment complete, in good order ................................. 
Records significant events during the match ...................  
Positive attitude and presentation, body language ..........  
Specific Administration Items
Checks field of play for personal safety (e.g. holes) ........ 
Reports problems to Home Club to fix up ............................ 
Checks pitch equipment - corner & goal posts; nets ........ 
Checks match balls ......................................................................  
Gives clear & concise instructions to ARs ............................ 
Completes all match card details after match ..................... 
Performance of Duties
Whistling: varied length, pitch, intensity ................................  
Whistling: matches the seriousness of offence ..................  
Whistling: shows authority .........................................................  
Communicates well with players .............................................  
Basic Positioning at restarts - OK ...........................................  
Basic Positioning during play: angle - OK ............................  
Basic Positioning during play: closeness - OK ...................  
Acceptable Law interpretation ..................................................  
Consistent application of Law...................................................  
Sound match control ...................................................................  
Hand/arm signals - OK ...............................................................  
Handled player dissent - OK .....................................................  
Decisions clear & confident .......................................................  
Cooperation with AR - OK .........................................................  
Any additional coaching advice

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessment Decision  Competent  Not Yet Competent

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Assessor’s name Signature Date

Names of presenter(s) _________________________________________________________________________

Program date(s) Venue _____

Please respond to items by circling the appropriate number between 1 (not at all) and 4 (completely)
1. To what extent did this program meet your expectations? ................................................. 1 2 3 4

2. Were the sessions well organised? .................................................................................... 1 2 3 4

3. Was the balance between practical and theoretical topics suitable? .................................. 1 2 3 4

4. Were the program’s venue(s) and length suitable and appropriate? .................................. 1 2 3 4

5. Comment on the lead presenter by circling the appropriate number between 1 (poor) and 4 (very good)
Knowledge of subject ...............1 2 3 4 Planning / preparation ................
1 2 3 4

Teaching skills ..........................1 2 3 4 Technology / resources ..............

1 2 3 4

Enthusiasm ................................1 2 3 4 Time for questions ......................

1 2 3 4

6. Comments on the program’s format and organisation (e.g. units to eliminate; time allocation; organisation; timetabling, etc.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Any topics you would add or delete?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What aspects of the program were most helpful?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

9. Rate the topics, activities and materials for their effectiveness and value between 1 (not at all) and 4 (completely):
Personal Development 1 - Ethics, the Law and Your Image .................................................... 1 2 3 4

Laws of the Game 1 - Review of Fouls and Misconduct ........................................................... 1 2 3 4

Foul Identification 1 - Basic Interpretations ............................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Referee Skill Development 1 - Referee Signals and Whistling ................................................. 1 2 3 4

Positioning Concepts 1 - Angled View of Play .......................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Game Management 1 - Wall Management and Penalty Kicks.................................................. 1 2 3 4

Assistant Referee Development 1 - Introduction ...................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Offside 1 - Basic Interpretations ............................................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Referee Skill Development 2 - Match Records and Report Writing .......................................... 1 2 3 4

Practical Officiating ................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Resource materials................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4

Demonstrations ........................................................................................................................ 1 2 3 4

Your workbook.......................................................................................................................... 1 2 3 4

10. Any other comments:

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

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