ABHAYSHIKSHANKENDRA’ S(Regd.

)
ABHAYINTERNATIONALSCHOOL-VIKHROLI(East
)
AcademicYear2024–2025
Sub:
Geogr
aphy Gr
ade:
9 Dat
e:10.
03.
2025
Topi
c:Ch.
1Ear
thaspl
anet
Shor
tAnswerQuest
ions:

Q.1Howcany
oupr
ovet
hatt
heear
thi
saspher
ebyl
ooki
ngatt
hehor
izon?

Ans:Theviewoft heeart
h'ssur
faceasseenf rom aheighti
scircular
.Wecanprovethattheeart
h
i
saspher ebyl ooki
ngatthehorizonaswi t
hincreaseinalt
it
ude, t
hecir
cul
arhori
zonalsowidens.
Hadt heeart
h'ssurfacebeenfl
at,thehor
izonwoul dhavebeent hesameir
respect
iveofthe
al
ti
tude.

Q.2Br
ief
lydescr
ibet
heshapeoft
heear
th.

Ans:
Theeart
hissaidt
obespheri
cal,buti
tisnotaperfectspher
e.Thedi
amet erattheequatori
s
gr
eatert
hanthedi
ameteratt
hepoles.Thebulgeattheequatorandcompressionatthepoles
gi
veseart
htheshapeofanobl
atespheroi
dor'Geoid'
.

Q.3Whati
stheear
th'
smeant
emper
atur
e?St
atei
tsoneadv
ant
age.

Ans:
Themeant
emper
atur
eoft
heear
thi
s17degr
eesCel
sius.Thi
stemper
atur
eisi
deal
forl
i
fet
o
exi
st.

Q.4Whyi
stheear
thcal
l
edawat
erypl
anet
?

Ans:
Ear
thi
scal
l
edawat
erypl
anetbecause70%oft
heear
th'
ssur
facei
scov
eredbywat
er.

Q.5Whati
s'bi
ospher
e'?

Ans:Bi
osphereist
heli
fezoneoft
heeart
h.I
tist
hatpar
toftheeart
h'ster
restr
ial
system -
i
ncludi
ngair,
landandwater-i
nwhichl
i
fedevel
opsandwhereli
feprocessesintur
nget
tr
ansfor
med.

Q.6Namet
hecondi
ti
onsnecessar
yforl
i
feonear
th.

Ans:
Thecondi
ti
onsnecessar
yforl
i
feonear
thar
easf
oll
ows:

1.Opt i
mum distancefrom thesun
2.Idealtemperatureof17degreesCel si
us
3.PresenceofAt mosphere
4.Presenceofwat er
5.Presenceoflithospher
eandbi osphere
6.Life-
givi
ngcyclesoperateinnature

Q.7Gi
veanyt
wof
eat
uresoft
heear
tht
hatmakei
ta'
Uni
quePl
anet
'.

Ans:
Twof
eat
uresoft
heear
tht
hatmakei
ta'
Uni
quePl
anet
'ar
easf
oll
ows:
 1.Pr
esenceofAt
mospher
e
2.Pr
esenceofwat
er

St
ruct
uredQuest
ions

Q.1(a)Howdoest
hesi
ght
ingofashi
pfr
om t
heseashor
epr
oveaboutt
hatt
heear
thi
sroundi
n
shape?

Ans:Whil
estandi
ngattheseashor
e,watchi
nganappr
oachingship,wef i
rstseeonlyit
smast.
Then,asi
tcomescloser,wecanseethedecki
nthemiddl
e,thenitsfunnel,andfi
nall
ythehul
l
comesint
ofullvi
ew.Thiscanonl
yhappenwhentheeart
h'ssurf
aceiscur ved.Thus,i
tispr
oved
thatt
heeart
hisroundinshape.

Q.1(
b)St
atebr
ief
lyt
heBedf
ordLev
elExper
iment
.

Ans:
Anexper
imentwascar
ri
edouti
ntheBedf
ordLev
elcanal
areai
nEngl
and.

Procedur
e-Threepol
esofequallengt
hwerefi
xedati
nter
val
sof5km.I
twasensur
edt
hatt
he
poleshadthesameheightabov
et hewat
erint
hecanal
.

Observat
ion-Whent
hepol
eswer
evi
ewedf
rom oneendoft
hecanal
,themi
ddl
epol
elooked
sl
ight
lyhigher
.

Resul
t-Thi
sex
per
imentdemonst
rat
edt
hatt
hesur
faceoft
heear
thi
scur
ved.

Q.1©Gi v
eageogr aphi
calreasonforeachofthefol
l
owing:
(
i)Thesunriseandsunsetoccuratdi f
ferentt
imesatdi
ff
erentpl
aces.
(
ii
)Theear t
hisnotaper fectsphere.
(
ii
i)Venusishotterthanmer cury
.

Ans:

(
i)Thesunr
iseandsunsetoccuratdi
ff
erentt
imesatdif
fer
entplacesbecausetheeart
hrotat
es
f
rom westt
oeastandtherefor
e,peopl
eintheeastcanseethesunearl
ierthanthosei
nthewest.

(i
i
)Theearthisnotaperfectspher
ebecauset
hediameteroft
heeart
hv ari
esattheequatorand
atthepol
es.Thi
sdiff
erenceisduetothecent
ri
fugal
for
ceoftheear
th'srotat
ionatagreatspeed
whichfor
msabul geattheequatorandacompressi
onatthepol
es.

(i
ii
)Venusishottert
hanmer cur
ybecauseVenusi
smai nl
ycomposedofcarbondi
oxi
dewhich
producesGreenhouseef
fectonthesurf
aceofVenus.Thus,
thet
emperatur
eonitssur
face
remainsver
yhigh.

Q.1(
d)Dr
awawel
ll
abel
l
eddi
agr
am t
oshowt
hatt
hehor
izonoft
heear
thi
sci
rcul
ari
nshape.

Ans:
Q.2(
a)Descr
ibet
her
oleofat
mospher
einmaki
ngear
thahabi
tabl
epl
anet
.

Ans:
Theatmosphereoft
heeart
hiscomposedofgasesli
keni
tr
ogen(78%),
oxygen(
21%),
car
bon
di
oxi
de,hel
ium andar
gon(l
essthan1%)
.Atmospher
eplaysamajorr
oleinmaki
ngeart
ha
habi
tabl
epl
anetas-

Theatmospher
erecei
vesheatf
rom t
hesunbysol
arr
adi
ati
onandl
osesheatbyear
th'
s
radi
ati
on.I
nthi
sway,abal
anceismaint
ained.

Theear
th'
satmos[
her
eismadeupofl
i
fe-
suppor
ti
nggasesl
i
keni
tr
ogen,
oxy
genand
car
bondioxi
de.

Ozonepr
esenti
ntheear
th'
sat
mospher
eabsor
bshar
mful
ult
rav
iol
etr
aysoft
hesun.

Theat
mospher
eal
sopr
event
slossofheatf
rom t
heear
th'
ssur
faceandhel
pst
okeep
ear
thwar
m.

Q.2(
b)Descr
ibet
her
oleofwat
eri
nmaki
ngear
thahabi
tabl
epl
anet
.

Ans:Ear
thisawat
erypl
anetwi
th70%oftheeart
h'ssur
facebei
ngcov
eredbywat
er.Wat
erpl
aysa
majorrol
einmaki
ngeart
hahabit
abl
eplanetas-

Di
str
ibut
ionofwat
eri
sresponsi
blef
ormoder
ati
ngt
hecl
i
mat
eandsur
facecondi
ti
onoft
heear
th

Waterbodi
esl
i
kel
akes,
ponds,
riv
erset
c.ar
eimpor
tantpar
tsoft
heecosy
stemsand
bi
osphere.

Watermovesinaconti
nuoushydrol
ogi
calcy
cle.Ther
eisapr
operbal
ancebet
ween
ev
aporat
ion,
condensat
ionandpreci
pit
ati
onwithoutwhi
chl
if
ewouldnotbepossi
ble.

Waterbodieshelpt
omai nt
aint hetemper
atureoft
heearth'
ssurface.Theyrapidl
yabsor b
enormousamountofheatdur ingtheday,andkeeptheeart
hfairl
ycool.Atnight,
t hey
rel
easetheheatabsorbedduringtheday,whichal
ongwithotheratmosphericeffects,keep
mostofthesurfacefr
om freezingatni
ght.

Q.2Descr
ibet
her
oleoft
emper
atur
einmaki
ngear
thahabi
tabl
epl
anet
.
Ans: Temper at
ureplaysamajorroleinmakingeart
hahabitabl
eplanetastheear
thisthethir
d
planetfrom thesun.Ithasanaveragetemperat
ureof17degreesCelsiuswhi
chissuit
ableforli
fe
toexist.Otherplanet
softhesolarsystem ar
eeit
hertoohotortoocoldtosuppor
tli
fe.

Q.2(
d)Descr
ibet
her
oleofdi
stancef
rom t
hesuni
nmaki
ngear
thahabi
tabl
epl
anet
.

Ans:
Dist
ancef
rom t
hesunpl
aysamaj
orr
olei
nmaki
ngear
thahabi
tabl
epl
anetas-

Theear
thi
satanopt
imum di
stancef
rom t
hesun.Hence,
iti
snei
thert
oohotnort
oocol
d.

Thedistancebetweentheearthandthesunmakesl i
fepossi
bleoneart
h.I
fitwasclosert
o
thesun,anyli
fepresentwouldgetburntf
rom toomuchheatofthesun.I
fitwasfar
ther
from t
hesun,li
fewouldfreezebecauseoflackofheat
.

Q.3(a)
Howdoeseachoft
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
ovet
heci
rcul
arshapeoft
heear
th:
(
i)LunarEcl
i
pse
(
ii
)PoleStar

Ans:
(i)LunarEcl
i
pse

Theshadowoft heearthonthesurf
aceofthemoonisclearl
yvisi
blefr
om earthduri
nglunar
ecl
ipse.Itappearsasanar cofaci
rcl
e.Si
ncetheeart
hisbiggerthanthemoon, i
tisrar
ely
ori
entedinthesameposi tionast
hemoonbutt heshadowisalway sci
rcul
ar.Thi
sprovesthe
ci
rcularshapeoft heeart
h.

(
ii
)Pol
eSt
ar

ThePol
eStarcanbeseenatanangl eof90degreesattheNort
hPole.Itl
iesinli
newit
htheaxi
s
oft
heeart
h,andit
sangledecreasestowardstheequat
or.Att
heequator,
t heangl
eis0degr
ees.
Thi
scanhappenonlyi
nanar cofacircl
e.Thisprov
esthecir
cul
arshapeoft heeart
h.

Q.3(
b)Whati
sanecosy
stem?Gi
veanexampl
e.

Ans:
Theself
-r
egul
ati
ngandsel
f-sust
aini
ngst
ruct
uralandfunct
ional
uni
toft
hebi
ospher
eiscal
l
ed
anecosy
stem.Thi
ssyst
em dependsuponthesunforitsener
gy.

Forexampl e,
Ecosyst
em ofafor
estincl
udeplantsandtr
eeswhichareeatenbyherbi
vores(
deer,
rabbi
t).Theseani
malsareeat
enbycar ni
vores(l
i
on,ti
ger)
.Whentheseanimalsperi
sh,t
heyare
decomposedbydecomposer sandreturntotheenvi
ronment
.Againtheyareconsumedby
producersandsoon.

Q.3(c)
Giveageogr aphi
calreasonforeachofthefol
l
owing:
(
i)Eart
hisahabitableplanet.
(
ii
)From spaceEar t
hlooksblue.
(
ii
i)Waterbodi
esr educetheday -
nightt
emperatur
evari
ati
ons.

Ans:

(i
)Eart
hi sahabi
tabl
eplanetasitiscover
edwithgr
eenv eget
ati
on,enormousblue-
greenoceans
contai
ningoveramil
li
onislands,alar
genumberofstreamsandriver
s,hugelandmassescall
ed
conti
nentswithmountai
ns,icecapsanddeser
ts.I
talsohasidealt
emper at
urefort
heexist
enceof
l
ife.
(
ii
)Fr
om spaceEar
thl
ooksbl
uebecause70%oft
heear
th'
ssur
facei
scov
eredbywat
er.

(i
ii
)Waterbodiesreducetheday -
nighttemperat
urevari
ati
onsaswat ercanabsorbenor mous
amountsofheatwi thoutcausi
ngmuchchangei nit
stemperat
ure.Wat erbodiesrapi
dlyabsor
b
enormousamountofheatdur i
ngt heday,andkeeptheeart
hfai
rlycool.Atnight,
theyrel
easethe
heatabsorbedduri
ngt heday,whichalongwithotherat
mospheri
cef fects,
keepmostoft he
surf
acefrom fr
eezingatnight.

Q.3(d)
Drawawelll
abel
l
eddi
agr
am t
oshowt
hecy
cli
cci
rcul
ati
onofwat
erbet
weent
het
hree
r
ealmsoftheear
th.

Ans:

Not
e:Compl
etet
hegi
vennot
esonper
for
atedsheet
sandsubmi
titonThur
sday13/
03/
2025