Chapter 5

1) B
2) B
3) C
4) C
5) A
6) A -> C
7) B
8) B
9) A -> D
10) B

### Multiple-Choice Questions

1. **Which of the following was the primary reason for the American colonies’
decision to declare independence from Britain in 1776?**
- A. Dissatisfaction with British military protection against Native American
tribes
- B. The imposition of taxes and laws without colonial representation in
Parliament
- C. The desire to expand territorial control into French Canada
- D. Religious persecution by the British government

2. **What was the significance of Thomas Paine’s *Common Sense* in the American
Revolution?**
- A. It argued against independence and supported loyalty to the British Crown.
- B. It inspired widespread support for independence by criticizing monarchy and
advocating for a republic.
- C. It was primarily a critique of the French Revolution’s influence on
American politics.
- D. It called for a peaceful resolution with Britain and a return to colonial
status.

3. **Which battle is considered the turning point of the American Revolutionary

War, convincing France to ally with the United States?**
- A. The Battle of Bunker Hill
- B. The Battle of Yorktown
- C. The Battle of Saratoga
- D. The Battle of Lexington and Concord

4. **Which of the following was NOT a feature of the Articles of Confederation?**

- A. Each state retained its sovereignty and independence.
- B. The national government lacked the power to levy taxes directly.
- C. Congress had the power to regulate trade between states and foreign
nations.
- D. There was no national executive or judicial branch.

5. **What was the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?**

- A. To establish guidelines for the admission of new states from the western
territories
- B. To create a system for distributing land to veterans of the Revolutionary
War
- C. To abolish slavery throughout all existing states and territories
- D. To strengthen trade relations with Native American tribes in the region

6. **Which group was most likely to support the Patriots during the American
Revolution?**
- A. Loyalists who had economic ties with Britain
 - B. Southern plantation owners seeking to preserve slavery
- C. Merchants and artisans affected by British trade restrictions
- D. Native American tribes allied with the British

7. **What was one of the main arguments of the Anti-Federalists against the
ratification of the Constitution?**
- A. They believed a strong central government was necessary to maintain order.
- B. They feared that a powerful national government would threaten individual
liberties and state sovereignty.
- C. They argued that the Constitution did not provide enough power to the
national legislature.
- D. They supported the creation of a monarchy to provide stability.

8. **How did the concept of “republican motherhood” influence the role of women in
the early United States?**
- A. It encouraged women to participate directly in politics and run for office.
- B. It emphasized the importance of women’s education so they could teach civic
values to their children.
- C. It restricted women’s roles strictly to household duties and discouraged
education.
- D. It led to a movement for women’s suffrage and political rights.

9. **Which treaty officially ended the American Revolutionary War and recognized
American independence?**
- A. The Treaty of Paris (1763)
- B. The Treaty of Versailles
- C. The Treaty of Ghent
- D. The Treaty of Paris (1783)

10. **What role did African Americans play during the American Revolution?**
- A. They were banned from participating on either side of the conflict.
- B. They fought for the British, who promised freedom to enslaved individuals
who joined their cause.
- C. They were primarily recruited by the Patriots, who guaranteed equal rights
post-war.
- D. They formed their own independent militias and fought as a separate force.

1) D
2) B
3) B
4) C
5) B
6) C
7) A
8) B
9) C
10) B

### More Multiple-Choice Questions

1. **Which event directly led to the first shots of the American Revolutionary War
in 1775?**
- A. The Boston Tea Party
- B. The Intolerable Acts
- C. The Boston Massacre
- D. The battles of Lexington and Concord

2. **Which of the following was a primary goal of the First Continental Congress in
1774?**
- A. To declare independence from Britain immediately
- B. To discuss colonial responses to the Intolerable Acts and seek peaceful
resolutions with Britain
- C. To form a united colonial army and start military action against the
British
- D. To draft the Articles of Confederation as a new form of government

3. **What was the impact of the Declaration of Independence on the colonies?**

- A. It immediately ended the Revolutionary War.
- B. It unified the colonies by formally breaking ties with Britain and
justifying the revolution.
- C. It was largely ignored by Britain, and no immediate action was taken.
- D. It led to a civil war among colonists over loyalty to the British Crown.

4. **Which of the following best describes the role of Native American tribes
during the American Revolution?**
- A. All tribes supported the British in hopes of halting colonial expansion.
- B. They remained neutral throughout the conflict, avoiding alliances.
- C. Some tribes allied with the British, while others supported the colonists,
depending on regional interests.
- D. They formed a unified front supporting the Patriots in exchange for future
land rights.

5. **What was the significance of the Treaty of Alliance between the United States
and France in 1778?**
- A. It ensured that Spain would also join the war against Britain.
- B. It marked the beginning of direct French military and financial support,
helping turn the tide of the war.
- C. It led to the immediate surrender of British forces in North America.
- D. It caused divisions among the colonies, with some refusing to ally with
France.

6. **Why was the winter at Valley Forge (1777-1778) a crucial moment for the
Continental Army?**
- A. It was the site where Washington's troops surrendered to British forces.
- B. The harsh conditions and lack of supplies forced the army to disband
temporarily.
- C. The army emerged stronger due to the training and discipline instilled by
Baron von Steuben.
- D. It was the location where the Continental Army first received foreign
reinforcements from Spain.

7. **Which economic challenge did the United States face immediately after the
Revolutionary War?**
- A. Hyperinflation and debt due to war expenses and the lack of a stable
currency
- B. A severe economic depression caused by British blockade tactics
- C. Overreliance on British trade, leading to a shortage of manufactured goods
- D. Economic prosperity due to increased agricultural exports to Europe

8. **How did the Constitution address the weaknesses of the Articles of

Confederation?**
- A. It maintained the state sovereignty and decentralized structure.
- B. It established a stronger central government with the power to tax,
regulate trade, and maintain a military.
- C. It abolished the need for a national government, giving all authority to
state governments.
- D. It created a monarchy with a centralized power structure similar to
Britain’s.

9. **What was the primary focus of the Virginia Plan during the Constitutional
Convention?**
- A. Equal representation for all states regardless of population
- B. A unicameral legislature with limited powers
- C. A strong central government with representation based on population
- D. Maintaining the Articles of Confederation but adding a president

10. **Which of the following best explains the impact of Shays’ Rebellion (1786-
1787) on American politics?**
- A. It led to a new round of taxes to support the struggling farmers in
Massachusetts.
- B. It highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and
increased support for a stronger central government.
- C. It resulted in a civil war between rural and urban states over economic
policies.
- D. It forced Britain to renegotiate the terms of American independence.

1) B
2) B
3) B
4) B
5) B
6) A -> B
7) A -> B
8) A -> B
9) B
10) B

### Additional Multiple-Choice Questions

1. **Which pamphlet by Thomas Paine argued for immediate independence from Britain
and was widely read among the colonists?**
- A. *The Rights of Man*
- B. *Common Sense*
- C. *The Crisis*
- D. *The Federalist Papers*

2. **What was one effect of the Boston Tea Party in 1773?**

- A. It led to the repeal of the Tea Act.
- B. It resulted in the Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts), which increased
British control over the colonies.
- C. It caused a major decline in colonial support for the independence
movement.
- D. It united the colonies in support of the British government.

3. **Which group primarily organized the Boston Tea Party?**

- A. Loyalists
- B. Sons of Liberty
- C. Continental Congress
- D. Daughters of the American Revolution

4. **What was the primary purpose of the Olive Branch Petition sent to King George
III in 1775?**
- A. To formally declare independence from Britain
- B. To ask for a cessation of hostilities and a return to harmony
- C. To negotiate trade agreements with France
- D. To propose the formation of a colonial army
5. **Which of the following best describes the outcome of the Battle of Bunker Hill
in 1775?**
- A. A decisive victory for British forces that quelled colonial resistance
- B. A costly British victory that demonstrated colonial resolve and military
capability
- C. An American victory that led to the immediate withdrawal of British troops
from Boston
- D. A stalemate that resulted in a ceasefire between British and colonial
forces

6. **How did the Articles of Confederation affect the governance of the newly
independent United States?**
- A. It established a strong federal government with extensive powers.
- B. It created a weak national government that struggled to maintain order and
unity.
- C. It granted individual states the power to tax and regulate trade with
foreign nations.
- D. It provided for a national bank to stabilize the economy.

7. **What was the main reason for the Constitutional Convention in 1787?**
- A. To draft a declaration of independence from Britain
- B. To address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and create a
stronger federal government
- C. To determine the boundaries of the new nation
- D. To negotiate treaties with Native American tribes

8. **Which compromise during the Constitutional Convention addressed the issue of

representation in Congress?**
- A. The Three-Fifths Compromise
- B. The Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)
- C. The Slave Trade Compromise
- D. The Land Ordinance of 1785

9. **What did the Federalist Papers primarily advocate?**

- A. The rejection of the proposed Constitution
- B. A strong national government and the ratification of the Constitution
- C. The establishment of a monarchy in America
- D. The decentralization of government power to the states

10. **What impact did the Revolutionary War have on slavery in the United States?**
- A. It led to the immediate abolition of slavery in all states.
- B. It caused a decline in the institution of slavery in the North but not in
the South.
- C. It resulted in the widespread emancipation of enslaved people in the
South.
- D. It had no significant impact on the institution of slavery.

Here’s an explanation of why the answer is **B** for each of the questions you've
provided:

### Question 6: **How did the Articles of Confederation affect the governance of
the newly independent United States?**

- **Answer: B. It created a weak national government that struggled to maintain

order and unity.**

#### Explanation:
1. **Nature of the Articles of Confederation:**
 - The Articles of Confederation, ratified in 1781, established a **confederation
of sovereign states** that retained most of their independence and authority. The
national government created under the Articles had very limited powers.

2. **Weaknesses:**
- The national government lacked the authority to impose taxes, regulate trade,
or enforce laws. This made it difficult to address economic problems, maintain a
standing army, or conduct foreign policy effectively.
- The inability to maintain order led to issues such as **Shays' Rebellion**,
which highlighted the federal government's impotence in dealing with domestic
unrest.

3. **Contrast with Other Options:**

- **A. It established a strong federal government with extensive powers:** This
is incorrect; the Articles intentionally created a weak government.
- **C. It granted individual states the power to tax and regulate trade with
foreign nations:** While states did retain these powers, it further fragmented
national unity.
- **D. It provided for a national bank to stabilize the economy:** The Articles
did not provide for a national bank, which was one of the issues that needed
addressing later.

### Question 7: **What was the main reason for the Constitutional Convention in
1787?**

- **Answer: B. To address the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and

create a stronger federal government.**

#### Explanation:
1. **Context of the Convention:**
- The Constitutional Convention was convened in Philadelphia in May 1787.
Delegates from 12 of the 13 states gathered to discuss the shortcomings of the
Articles of Confederation.

2. **Key Issues:**
- Delegates recognized that the existing government structure was ineffective in
managing various challenges, including economic instability, interstate disputes,
and foreign relations.
- The goal was to draft a new constitution that would establish a stronger
federal government with the power to tax, regulate commerce, and maintain order.

3. **Contrast with Other Options:**

- **A. To draft a declaration of independence from Britain:** This had already
been accomplished in 1776.
- **C. To determine the boundaries of the new nation:** While territorial issues
existed, they were not the main focus of the Convention.
- **D. To negotiate treaties with Native American tribes:** Although important,
this was not the primary objective of the gathering.

### Question 8: **Which compromise during the Constitutional Convention addressed

the issue of representation in Congress?**

- **Answer: B. The Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise).**

#### Explanation:
1. **Context of Representation:**
- A significant debate during the Constitutional Convention was how to structure
representation in Congress. There were differing views: large states wanted
representation based on population, while small states favored equal
representation.

2. **The Connecticut Compromise:**

- Proposed by Roger Sherman, this compromise established a **bicameral
legislature** with two houses:
- The **House of Representatives**, where representation would be based on
population.
- The **Senate**, where each state would have equal representation (two
senators per state).

3. **Contrast with Other Options:**

- **A. The Three-Fifths Compromise:** This addressed how enslaved individuals
would be counted for representation and taxation but did not directly resolve the
overall representation structure.
- **C. The Slave Trade Compromise:** This dealt with the continuation of the
slave trade and was not primarily about legislative representation.
- **D. The Land Ordinance of 1785:** This was related to land distribution and
governance of the Northwest Territory, not representation in Congress.