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BIO LAB 10

The document outlines a laboratory exercise focused on observing a mammalian ovary slide to study the Graafian follicle involved in reproduction. It explains the process of oogenesis, detailing the development of female gametes from oogonia to primary oocytes and ultimately to a mature ovum. The discussion highlights the structure and function of the Graafian follicle, including its role in hormone production and ovulation.

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6 views

BIO LAB 10

The document outlines a laboratory exercise focused on observing a mammalian ovary slide to study the Graafian follicle involved in reproduction. It explains the process of oogenesis, detailing the development of female gametes from oogonia to primary oocytes and ultimately to a mature ovum. The discussion highlights the structure and function of the Graafian follicle, including its role in hormone production and ovulation.

Uploaded by

alipriya046
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LAB#10 BIO

TITLE: REPRODUCTION

AIM: To view a slide of a mammalian ovary under a light microscope and


make a drawing of Graafian follicle.

THEORY:

Female gametes form and mature in the ovaries through a process


called oogenesis. They begin as oogonia, which are early,
undifferentiated germ cells found in the ovaries. Before birth, these
oogonia undergo mitotic divisions and develop into primary oocytes,
which are arrested in the first stage of meiosis. At puberty, hormonal
signals stimulate some of these primary oocytes to resume
development, eventually leading to the formation of a mature ovum
during each menstrual cycle.
Oogonia is formed by primordial germ cells that migrate to the
developing ovaries during embryonic development. The oogonia
divides and multiply through mitosis increasing the numbers. At the
time of birth, the oogonia undergoes meiosis to form primary oocytes
and as layers of granulosa cells multiply around them, the 1ºfollicles
develop into secondary follicles forming secondary oocytes. During
puberty, the secondary follicles mature into a Graafian follicle.

APPARATUS AND MATERIALS:

Light microscope

Slide of mammalian ovary

Drawing paper

Pencil

Eraser

Ruler

Calculator

DISCUSSION:

The Graafian follicle is a mature ovarian follicle that plays a crucial role in
ovulation and hormone production. It provides a protective and nourishing
environment for the developing secondary oocyte. As it grows, the follicle
fills with fluid and prepares to release the oocyte during ovulation. It also
secretes estrogen, which helps regulate the menstrual cycle and prepare the
uterus for possible implantation. When the follicle ruptures, it releases the
secondary oocyte into the fallopian tube, where fertilization may occur.

There are different layers surrounding the secondary oocyte. They are
zona pellucida, corona radiata, antrum and the theca. The zona pellucida
is a glycoprotein layer surrounding the secondary oocyte, essential for
sperm binding, preventing polyspermy, and protecting the oocyte.
Surrounding this is the corona radiata, a layer of granulosa cells that
provide nutrients and support while aiding sperm penetration. Antrum is a
fluid-filled cavity within the follicle that contains hormones and growth
factors, facilitating oocyte maturation and increasing follicular pressure
for ovulation. Encasing the follicle, the theca is divided into the theca
interna, which produces androgens converted into estrogen for follicular
development, and the theca externa, which offers structural support and
assists in ovulation by contracting to help release the oocyte.

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