PLN 307

Big Data in Urban Planning

Revolutionizing Traffic: The Rise of Intelligent Traffic Management

_________________________________________

Submitted By:
Aditi Jain (201110227)
Mansi Yadav (201110213)
Abhishek Patel (201109009)
Rigvesh Rathore (201109017)
Jeevanshu Dwivedi (201109008)
Ritik Kumar (201109034)
Anubhav Singh (201109047)

Submitted To:
Prof. Anugrah Anilkumar Nagaich

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

______________________________________

MAULANA AZAD NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

BHOPAL, MADHYA PRADESH
CONTENTS

1. Introduction………………...………………………………………………………...3
2. Methodology……….…………………………………………………………………4
3. Results & Discussions………………………………………………………………..7
3.1. Need for ITM……………………………………………...……………………….7
3.2. Benefits of Intelligent Traffic Management System……….………………………10
3.3. Challenges of Intelligent Traffic Management System……………………...…….11
4. Case Studies – Successful Implementation of ITM…………………………..……12
4.1. Zurich – VBZ, Zurich, Switzerland………………………………………………..13
4.2. Mysore – MCTD of KSRTC, Mysore, India……………………………………….14
4.3. Sri Lanka ………………………………………………………………………….15
5. Future of ITM……………………………………………………………………….16
6. Conclusion………………………..………………………………………………….17
7. References………...…………………………………………………………………18

2
 Revolutionizing Traffic: The Rise of Intelligent Traffic
Management (ITM)

1. Introduction
The objective of this report is to propose the development of an Intelligent Traffic
Management System that leverages cutting-edge technologies to optimize traffic flow,
improve public safety, and enhance overall transportation efficiency. This system will
utilize traffic cameras to count traffic volume and analyse data, allowing for real-time
adjustments to signal timings and routes to alleviate congestion and reduce travel time.
In addition, the system will integrate an accident detection feature that quickly alerts
emergency services and clears routes for prompt and efficient response times. By
utilizing all available data, this system aims to provide more accurate and efficient
traffic management, leading to a safer, greener, and more sustainable future for urban
and suburban areas.

Intelligent Traffic Management is a game-changing transportation network that benefits

everyone. It is intended to improve public safety, optimise traffic flow, and lessen
congestion. This system gathers real-time information on traffic patterns, accidents, and
road conditions using cutting-edge technology. With this knowledge, it can quickly
pinpoint congestion-causing areas and modify traffic signals and routes. The
advantages of this system are extensive. Shorter commutes and lower stress levels will
benefit individual commuters, while better air quality and lower carbon emissions will
benefit entire communities. Additionally, in the event of an accident or emergency
situation, emergency responders will be able to act more quickly. Overall, transportation
planning and management in should give the implementation of this system top priority.
Modern technologies have completely changed how urban and suburban areas control
traffic and raise safety. The volume of traffic can be precisely tracked in real-time with
the aid of traffic cameras, data analytics, and communication networks. This enables
quick modifications to be made to traffic signals and lane guidance, improving traffic
flow and lessening congestion. These technologies also give authorities the ability to
spot accident-prone high-risk areas and take preventative action. For instance, in areas
where accidents are common, they can put up speed cameras or add more signage.
Additionally, the information gathered by these systems can be used to spot patterns
and trends that will help with future infrastructure planning choices. In general, the
incorporation of modern

One essential component of contemporary traffic management systems is the accident

detection feature. This technology can significantly increase public safety by enabling
prompt and effective response times by rapidly identifying incidents and alerting
emergency services. With the help of cutting-edge sensors and algorithms, this ground-
breaking feature detects accidents in real time and alerts emergency services, enabling
them to act quickly and efficiently. Numerous advantages of this technology include
lessening traffic congestion, lowering the possibility of secondary accidents, and saving
lives. A better quality of life for citizens can also be achieved through the use of such
cutting-edge technology by giving them more confidence while driving. Generally
speaking, the accident detection function is a crucial part of contemporary traffic
management systems that

3
 This system has undeniable potential advantages. We are able to develop a transport
network that is safer and more effective by utilising cutting-edge technology and data
analysis. We can lower the number of accidents and fatalities on our roads by reducing
traffic-related incidents. Less time spent stuck in traffic translates into lower stress
levels and increased productivity. Additionally, by lowering emissions and encouraging
alternative forms of transportation, this system can help create cities that are more
liveable and sustainable. It is crucial to remember that additional study and
development are required to guarantee the system's precision and dependability. To
ensure that people's rights are protected, we also need to address privacy and data
security issues. Ultimately, we can build a transport network if we continue to invest in
this technology.

2. Methodology
To create an intelligent traffic management system, the following key
components are required:

a. Cameras and Sensors: Cameras and sensors are essential components for traffic
detection and data collection. Cameras can be used for traffic monitoring, incident
detection, vehicle counting, and speed detection, while sensors can detect traffic
volume and speed.

b. Image Recognition and Machine Learning Algorithms: Image recognition and

machine learning algorithms are used to process the data collected by cameras and
sensors, and analyse traffic patterns and congestion. This technology can be used to
detect incidents, predict traffic flow, and suggest alternative routes to drivers.

c. Communication Infrastructure: A reliable communication infrastructure is

necessary to transmit traffic data and emergency alerts in real-time. This
infrastructure can include wireless networks, cellular networks, and other
communication technologies.

d. Traffic Control Devices: Traffic control devices, such as traffic signals, variable
message signs, and roadside sensors, are used to control traffic flow and provide
information to drivers. These devices can be controlled by intelligent algorithms to
adjust traffic signal timing and divert traffic to alternative routes.

e. Emergency Response Systems: Emergency response systems are used to detect

and respond to incidents on the road, and to coordinate emergency services. These
systems can include emergency alerts, automatic incident detection, and
communication with emergency services.

4
When pitching the idea for an intelligent traffic management system, the following
components can be easily explained:

a. Cameras and Sensors: These are used to detect and collect traffic data, including
vehicle counts, speed, and incidents. This data is then processed by machine
learning algorithms to optimize traffic flow and improve emergency response times.

b. Traffic Control Devices: These devices can be used to adjust traffic signal timing
and divert traffic to alternative routes. This can help to minimize congestion and
reduce travel time, which can benefit both drivers and emergency services.

c. Emergency Response Systems: These systems can detect and respond to incidents
on the road, and coordinate emergency services. By using real-time data and
communication technologies, emergency response times can be reduced, which can
improve outcomes for people involved in incidents.

d. By highlighting these key components and their benefits, we can demonstrate the
value of an intelligent traffic management system and the potential impact it can
have on traffic flow and emergency response times.

Here are some examples of specific components that could be used in an intelligent
traffic management system:

a. Cameras and Sensors: Some companies that provide cameras and sensors for
traffic monitoring include Axis Communications, Bosch Security and Safety
Systems, and FLIR Systems. There are also a number of open-source software
libraries available for image processing and computer vision, such as OpenCV and
TensorFlow.

b. Image Recognition and Machine Learning Algorithms: There are a variety of

image recognition and machine learning algorithms that can be used for traffic
analysis, including object detection, tracking, and classification algorithms. Some
popular algorithms and frameworks include YOLO (You Only Look Once), Faster
R-CNN, and TensorFlow Object Detection API.

c. Traffic Control Devices: Traffic control devices can include traffic signals,
variable message signs, and other roadside devices. Some popular traffic signal
controllers include Econolite ASC/3 and Siemens Sitraffic. Variable message signs

5
 are available from a variety of manufacturers, including Daktronics, LED Roadway
Lighting, and Ver-Mac.

d. Communication Infrastructure: A reliable communication infrastructure is

essential for transmitting traffic data and emergency alerts in real-time. Some
popular communication technologies include cellular networks, Wi-Fi, and
dedicated short-range communication (DSRC). Companies that provide
communication infrastructure for traffic management include Siemens, Cubic
Transportation Systems, and Iteris.

e. Emergency Response Systems: Emergency response systems can include

automatic incident detection, emergency alerts, and communication with
emergency services. Some companies that provide emergency response solutions
for traffic management include Pelco by Schneider Electric, TrafficVision, and
Citilog.

Simulation an example and how will our system work in real world on day-to-day
basis:

a. Data Collection: Cameras and sensors are installed on a major highway to collect
data on traffic volume, speed, and incidents. The cameras and sensors are connected
to a central data collection system that aggregates the data. The data collection
system is equipped with real-time data processing capabilities to ensure that the data
is up-to-date.

b. Data Processing: Image recognition and machine learning algorithms are used to
process the collected data and identify patterns in traffic flow. The system identifies
that traffic is heavy during peak commuting hours and that there is a particular

6
 bottleneck at a particular interchange. The system also analyzes historical traffic
data to identify trends and patterns.

c. Traffic Analysis and Optimization: Based on the processed data, the system
makes real-time adjustments to traffic signals and suggests alternative routes to
drivers. During peak hours, the system adjusts traffic signals at the bottleneck
interchange to reduce congestion and suggests alternate routes to drivers via
dynamic message signs on the highway. The system also provides real-time travel
time information to drivers to help them make informed decisions about their route.

d. Incident Detection and Emergency Response: The system continuously monitors

traffic data for incidents such as accidents or road closures. In this example, the
system detects an accident on the highway and alerts emergency services. The
system suggests an alternate route for drivers via dynamic message signs on the
highway and adjusts traffic signals to redirect traffic away from the accident scene.
The system also provides emergency responders with real-time information about
the incident, including its location and severity.

e. Communication and Control: The system uses a reliable communication

infrastructure to transmit traffic data and emergency alerts in real-time. The
dynamic message signs on the highway display real-time travel times and suggest
alternate routes to drivers. Emergency services are alerted to incidents via the
communication infrastructure and can respond in a timely manner. The system also
provides transportation departments with real-time traffic data to help them make
informed decisions about traffic management.

f. Data Analysis and Reporting: The system continuously analyzes traffic data to
identify trends and patterns, and provides reports to transportation departments and
emergency services. In this example, the system provides a report that identifies the
bottleneck interchange and suggests improvements to reduce congestion during
peak hours. The report also shows how the system's incident detection and response
capabilities have helped to improve emergency response times. The system also
provides historical traffic data and trend analysis to help transportation departments
make informed decisions about traffic management.

3. Results & Discussions

3.1 Need for ITM

Intelligent traffic management is a system that utilizes advanced technologies such
as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the internet of things to manage and
control traffic flow on roads, highways, and other transportation networks. In recent
years, the need for intelligent traffic management has increased significantly due to
various reasons. This report aims to highlight the need for intelligent traffic
management and its benefits.

7
• Increasing urbanization: The world's population is increasingly moving towards
urban areas, leading to increased traffic congestion on roads and highways. The
rise of urbanization has resulted in a significant increase in the number of
vehicles on the road, leading to traffic gridlock, delays, and safety issues.
According to a report by INRIX, a global transportation analytics company, the
average American spends 97 hours in traffic congestion each year, costing them
$1,348 in lost time and fuel. Similarly, the average person in the UK spends 115
hours in congestion each year, costing them £894. Intelligent traffic
management can help alleviate these problems by efficiently managing traffic
flow and reducing congestion.

• Traffic safety: Traffic safety is a significant concern for drivers, pedestrians, and
other road users. According to the World Health Organization, road traffic
accidents result in 1.35 million deaths globally each year. In the US, the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that 36,096
people died in motor vehicle crashes in 2019. Intelligent traffic management
systems can detect hazardous situations and take immediate action to avoid
accidents. For example, the system can alert drivers when they approach a
dangerous intersection or notify emergency services in case of an accident. In
addition, intelligent traffic management can help enforce traffic laws and
regulations, such as speed limits and traffic signal timings, to improve safety.

• Environmental concerns: The increase in traffic on roads and highways also has
a significant impact on the environment. Traffic congestion leads to increased
emissions, resulting in air pollution, and contributes to climate change.
According to a report by the European Environment Agency, air pollution from
traffic is responsible for more than 400,000 premature deaths in Europe each
year. In addition, transportation is the largest source of greenhouse gas
emissions in the US, accounting for 29% of total emissions. Intelligent traffic
management can help reduce emissions by optimizing traffic flow and reducing
idle time, resulting in fewer emissions.

• Economic benefits: Traffic congestion leads to significant economic losses in

terms of wasted time, increased fuel consumption, and reduced productivity.
According to a report by the Texas A&M Transportation Institute, traffic
congestion cost the US economy $166 billion in 2019. Similarly, the UK
government estimated that traffic congestion costs the UK economy £7 billion
per year. Intelligent traffic management can help reduce these losses by
optimizing traffic flow and reducing congestion, resulting in faster travel times
and improved productivity. In addition, intelligent traffic management can help
businesses and industries that rely on transportation, such as logistics and
delivery, by reducing transportation costs and improving efficiency.

• Real-time traffic monitoring: Intelligent traffic management systems require

real-time traffic monitoring to understand the current traffic conditions and
identify congested areas. This information is used to optimize traffic flow and
reduce congestion.

8
• Traffic data analysis: The data collected from traffic monitoring needs to be
analysed to identify trends, patterns, and anomalies. This analysis helps to
improve traffic management strategies and decision-making processes.

• Connected infrastructure: Intelligent traffic management systems require

connected infrastructure to gather and transmit data. This includes traffic
sensors, cameras, traffic lights, and other devices that can communicate with
each other and with a central control system.

• Artificial intelligence and machine learning: Intelligent traffic management

systems utilize artificial intelligence and machine learning to analyse data and
make predictions about traffic patterns and conditions. These technologies help
to optimize traffic flow and reduce congestion.

• Predictive analytics: Predictive analytics is used to anticipate future traffic

patterns and conditions. This information helps to optimize traffic flow and
reduce congestion by adjusting traffic signal timings and other traffic
management strategies.

• Adaptive traffic management: Adaptive traffic management adjusts traffic

signal timings in real-time based on current traffic conditions. This approach
helps to reduce congestion and improve traffic flow.

• Intelligent routing: Intelligent routing uses real-time traffic data to suggest the
most efficient routes for drivers. This reduces congestion on major roads and
highways and helps to distribute traffic more evenly across the network.

• Incident detection and management: Intelligent traffic management systems

detect incidents such as accidents and road closures and take appropriate action
to manage traffic around the affected area.

• Public transportation integration: Intelligent traffic management systems can

integrate with public transportation systems to provide real-time information to
commuters about bus and train schedules and delays. This helps to improve
overall transportation efficiency and reduce congestion.

• Environmental monitoring: Intelligent traffic management systems can monitor

air quality and noise levels to identify areas of high pollution and noise levels.
This information can be used to adjust traffic management strategies to reduce
emissions and noise pollution.

Intelligent traffic management is essential for managing traffic flow, improving

safety, reducing emissions, and increasing economic benefits. It is becoming
increasingly clear that cities and urban areas need to implement intelligent traffic
management systems to address the challenges of increasing urbanization and
traffic congestion. By doing so, we can improve the quality of life for all road users,
reduce environmental impact, and boost economic growth. However, implementing

9
 intelligent traffic management requires significant investment and coordination
between various stakeholders, including government agencies, transportation
providers, and technology companies. Nevertheless, the benefits of intelligent
traffic management are significant and justify the investment and effort required to
implement these systems.

3.2 Benefits of Intelligent Traffic Management

Intelligent Traffic Management (ITM) have emerged as a transformative solution to

address the challenges of modern traffic management. These systems leverage
advanced technologies, data analytics, and real-time monitoring to enhance the
efficiency, safety, and sustainability of traffic flow on road networks. By integrating
various components such as sensors, cameras, communication networks, and smart
algorithms, ITM offers a range of benefits that go beyond the limitations of
traditional traffic management approaches.

One of the primary benefits of ITM is the improvement in traffic flow. Traditional
traffic management relied on static signal timings and predefined plans, often
leading to congestion, delays, and inefficient use of road capacity. However, ITM
employs real-time data collection and analysis to dynamically adjust signal timings,
manage lane assignments, and optimize traffic flow. This dynamic approach ensures
that traffic operations are continuously optimized, resulting in reduced travel times,
minimized congestion, and smoother traffic operations.

Enhanced safety is another significant advantage offered by ITM. By leveraging

technologies such as video surveillance, vehicle detection, and automated incident
management, ITM enables transportation authorities to promptly detect accidents,
breakdowns, or other emergencies. This allows for quick response coordination,
facilitating the efficient deployment of emergency services. By minimizing
response times and improving incident management, ITM contributes to reducing
the risk of accidents and improving overall road safety.

Efficient resource utilization is a key benefit provided by ITM. By utilizing real-

time data and advanced analytics, ITM enables optimal resource allocation. This
includes managing signal timings based on traffic demand, implementing adaptive
traffic control systems, and prioritizing public transport. These measures result in
reduced fuel consumption, lower emissions, and improved fuel efficiency, aligning
traffic management with environmental sustainability goals.

Furthermore, ITM empowers drivers with intelligent routing and navigation

capabilities. By providing real-time traffic information through in-vehicle
navigation systems or smartphone applications, drivers can make informed
decisions about their routes. They can avoid congested areas, select the most
efficient paths, and reduce overall travel time and fuel consumption. This not only
benefits individual drivers but also contributes to reducing traffic congestion and
enhancing overall mobility.

10
 The implementation of ITM also enables data-driven decision making in traffic
management. The system generates vast amounts of data regarding traffic patterns,
congestion points, and incident occurrences. By analysing this data, transportation
authorities can gain valuable insights into the effectiveness of existing strategies,
identify areas for improvement, and develop more efficient traffic management
plans. This data-driven approach ensures that resources are allocated effectively,
policies are formulated based on evidence, and traffic management strategies evolve
to meet changing demands.

In conclusion, Intelligent Traffic Management offer a wide range of benefits that

revolutionize the way traffic is managed. By leveraging advanced technologies,
data analytics, and real-time monitoring, ITM improves traffic flow, enhances
safety, optimizes resource utilization, provides intelligent routing, and enables data-
driven decision making. As cities continue to grow and traffic congestion becomes
a pressing issue, ITM serves as a powerful tool to create efficient, safe, and
sustainable transportation systems.

3.3Challenges of Intelligent Traffic Management

Implementing an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) presents various
challenges that need to be addressed for the successful deployment and operation
of the system. While ITMS offers a wide range of benefits in improving traffic flow,
enhancing safety, and optimizing resource utilization, overcoming these challenges
is crucial to realizing its full potential. This section explores some of the significant
challenges that organizations and transportation authorities may encounter when
implementing an ITMS.

Initial Investment and Funding: Implementing an ITMS requires a significant initial

investment in infrastructure, equipment, and technology. The installation and
maintenance of sensors, cameras, communication networks, and data analytics
systems can be costly. Additionally, funding challenges may arise due to limited
budgets or competing priorities within the organization or transportation authority.
Securing adequate financial resources and establishing a clear return on investment
(ROI) strategy becomes essential in overcoming this challenge.

• System Integration and Interoperability: Integrating various technologies and

existing traffic management systems into a cohesive ITMS can be a complex
task. Different components, such as sensors, cameras, and software platforms,
need to communicate and exchange data seamlessly. Ensuring interoperability
and compatibility among different systems and technologies may require
significant effort and coordination among stakeholders. Addressing system
integration challenges is crucial to achieving a unified and efficient ITMS
infrastructure.

• Data Privacy and Security: ITMS relies on the collection, processing, and
analysis of vast amounts of data, including sensitive information about traffic
patterns, vehicle movements, and potentially personal data. Protecting the
privacy and security of this data is of paramount importance to gain public trust

11
 and comply with data protection regulations. Implementing robust data privacy
and security measures, including encryption, access controls, and
anonymization techniques, is essential in mitigating risks and addressing
privacy concerns.

• System Maintenance and Upkeep: ITMS requires regular maintenance,

software updates, and monitoring to ensure optimal performance and
functionality. This includes maintaining the hardware infrastructure, updating
software systems, and troubleshooting any technical issues that may arise.
Establishing effective maintenance processes, training staff on system
maintenance, and ensuring continuous support for the ITMS infrastructure are
critical in minimizing system downtime and ensuring its smooth operation.

• Stakeholder Engagement and Public Acceptance: Introducing a new ITMS may

face resistance or scepticism from various stakeholders, including
transportation authorities, public officials, and the general public. Concerns
about privacy, reliability, and potential disruptions to established traffic patterns
may hinder the acceptance and adoption of the system. Effective stakeholder
engagement, communication, and education campaigns are necessary to address
these concerns, promote the benefits of ITMS, and ensure widespread support
and acceptance.

• Technological Advancements and System Scalability: The field of traffic

management and transportation technologies is continuously evolving, with
new advancements and innovations being introduced regularly. Ensuring that
the ITMS infrastructure can accommodate future technological advancements
and scalability is a challenge. Organizations need to plan for system upgrades,
flexibility in technology choices, and compatibility with emerging standards to
stay ahead of the curve and leverage the full potential of evolving technologies.

Implementing an Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) is not without its

challenges. However, by addressing these challenges effectively, organizations and
transportation authorities can overcome hurdles and maximize the benefits of
ITMS. By addressing issues related to initial investment, system integration, data
privacy and security, system maintenance, stakeholder engagement, and
technological advancements, ITMS can be successfully implemented, leading to
improved traffic management, enhanced safety, and efficient resource utilization on
road networks.

4. Case Studies – Successful Implementation of Intelligent Traffic

Management (ITM)

A set of Case Studies has been prepared to illustrate how ITM is used in practice. The
sites have been selected to provide diversity in environment, operator type, scale, ITM
implemented, and degree of experience with ITM.
The Case Studies are presented in three clusters:

❑ Sites where ITM is well established

12
 ➢ Zurich, Switzerland
❑ Sites where ITM is currently in first deployment
➢ Mysore, India
❑ Sites which are considering the use of ITM and/or carrying out some initial testing
➢ Sri Lanka

4.1 Zurich - VBZ, Zurich, Switzerland

This case study deals with the ITM implemented at VBZ Zurich, the multi-modal
surface public transport operator for the metropolitan area of Zurich and its
immediate hinterland. It does not cover the ITM implemented at the regional rail
operators. It does not cover ITM implemented by the city for traffic management or
other transportation services, except where it is relevant to or interfaces with
the ITM of VBZ. For the purposes of this Case Study, ‘bus’ and trolleybuses are
collectively referred to as ‘bus’, except where the difference is relevant. For the
purpose of the ITM in Zurich, there is no significant difference between tram and
(trolley)bus, with the systems and operations management common to all.

The Canton of Zurich has an area of approximately 1,700 sq. km and a population
of 1.37 million. It consists of 171 communities. The modal share of public transport
for Zurich metropolitan area is high by international standards, reflecting both
political and social support for use of public transport. The modal split in 2000 (for
940,000 persons either working or attending education) showed 36% of trips made
by scheduled public transport, 39% by motorized individual transport (including
private works/school buses), 19% of trips by bicycle or walk, and 6% not working
or working from home. The S-Bahn and regional rail are the main means of
passenger transport from the hinterland to the city of Zurich. S-Bahn operates about
950 trains per day on 26 lines with 176 stops in Zurich region, and carries about
380,000 passengers per day. Tram is the ‘backbone’ of the Zurich urban transport
system, with bus and trolleybus playing complementary role. Nonetheless, the S-
Bahn is preferred even for trips within Zurich where it is suitable as it is the fastest
mode and well-integrated with the other modes.

13
 Plans for underground/metro were rejected by Zurich voters in 1962 and 1973,
following a Master Plan was developed for transport based on excellent surface
public transport and restraint on car traffic. This has underpinned Zurich’s transport
policy since then, and while some underground sections have been provided to
facilitate the S-Bahn and/or tram, these are to relieve specific problems and not to
implement metro by another means.

• Public transport in Zurich is provided by VBZ, a multi-modal operator of trams,

trolleybuses and buses. Trams form the backbone of the system.
• Since the mid-1970’s, the City of Zurich has committed to a strongly pro-public
transport policy, giving it high priority in streets and at junctions
• The basic concept is that the city provides an excellent operating environment,
and VBZ should operate on-time services within that frame
• ITM is central to Operations Management and high-quality, on-time services.
VBZ first implemented ITM in the early-1970’s.
• The ITM is integral to the VBZ operation, and to the organization, business
processes, operating procedures, data, and management. The approach has
matured over the four decades as they gain better understanding of what they
can do, embed it in the organization, and evolve the technology.
• VBZ has evolved from using ITM to just know where their vehicles are, to
precision operation with on-time running and transfer assurance.
• Passenger information is extremely well-developed, prior to the trip, at stops
and in the vehicles. It provides a seamless and ubiquitous guidance.

4.2 Mysore - MCTD of KSRTC, Mysore, India

Karnataka State in Southern India has an area of sq. km. and a population
of million. The principal city is Bangalore with a population of about 6 million,
and is a global hub of IT and software development. The city of Mysore is located
about 140 km west by southwest of Bangalore. It has a population of about 1.2
million. It is a historic city with a significant tourist industry. The city is adjudged
to be well-planned and it does not suffer traffic congestion of the scale of Bangalore.
Public transport in Karnataka consists of the following modes:
• Urban bus services
• Outer suburban/hinterland bus services
• Inter-urban and inter-state bus services

14
 • Auto tuk-tuks/three wheelers
• Taxis
• Long-distance and regional rail

The modal share of bus in Mysore is relatively low at 13%. Walking and two-
wheelers (mostly motorcycle) have high mode share. The objective is to increase
the mode share of bus.

• KSRTC is the State Transport Commission for the State of Karnataka, India.
It operates about 7,000 buses on intra- and interstate bus services.
• MCTD is a division of KSRTC, providing urban bus services in the city of
Mysore, using a fleet of about 400 buses out of 3 depots and 6 bus stations
• KSRTC are currently implementing an ITM system at MCTD covering all
of the fleet and the services. The order has been placed and the system is
scheduled to be fully operational by end-December 2011.
• The ITM system consists of AVLC based on GPS, GSM/GPRS and real-
time passenger information at bus stations, bus stops, and in-vehicle;
• A Central Control Station (CCS) is being established at the main bus station,
which will manage services along the routes and at outer terminals. Platform
dispatchers will be retained at the bus stations.
• KSRTC are procuring a Project Management Consultant to support the
implementation process
• An extensive Monitoring and Evaluation program is being procured to
examine the implementation phase, the system and service performance,
and the longer-term impacts. This will assist KSRTC in taking decisions
about deployment of ITM elsewhere in their fleet

4.3 Sri Lanka

The focus of the Case Study is the private bus sector, comprising c. 19,000 buses
on about 2,400 routes. This sector consists of vehicles that are individually owned,
with little concentration of ownership or organization. The deployment of ITM at

15
 the state-owned SLTB is not considered in this Case Study as it would be a
conventional implementation of a type is adequately described elsewhere.

• ITM Support to the Private Bus Operator Sector in Sri Lanka

• The private bus sector in Sri Lanka consists of 19,000 vehicles, which are
independently owned, mostly by single-vehicle Owners. There is a very low
level of collective organizational or operational capacity.
• The National Transport Commission (NTC) regulates tariffs and service
standards island-wide and regulates permits for inter-provincial bus routes.
Raising standards and monitoring compliance are key functions.
• NTC has already successfully launched the implementation of Electronic Ticket
Machines, currently deployed on over half the Sri Lankan bus fleet.
• NTC achieved this through a combination of mandating their use, preparing
specifications, giving type approval to suitable suppliers, and allowing
Operators to directly purchase approved models of their choice.
• NTC has launched an ITM pilot project on inter-provincial bus services,
involving about 70 buses. The core application is automatic provision of
location data to the NTC Control Centre using GPS and GPRS units.
• A similar approach to ETMs has been used whereby NTC prepared the technical
specifications and invited suppliers to test compliant devices
• 7 suppliers have installed compliant systems. Many have exceeded the baseline
requirement and installed additional functionality including fuel monitoring,
driver alarms, speeding alerts, in-vehicle image capture
• Subject to successful pilot phase, NTC intends to make ITM installation
mandatory as part of the Permit conditions, and to make permanent their Control
Centre for monitoring route and service quality compliance.

5. Future of ITM
The future of ITM and traffic accidents with the context of artificial intelligence and
real-time data is promising. Furthermore, AI-powered systems can analyse traffic
patterns and driver behaviour to identify high-risk areas and suggest interventions to
prevent accidents. This can include everything from road redesign to targeted education
campaigns for drivers.

16
 • AI-based predictive analytics can be used to analyse real-time traffic data to forecast
potential accidents, allowing for pre-emptive measures to be taken to prevent them.
• Real-time data from various sources such as GPS devices, CCTV cameras, and
social media can be integrated using AI algorithms to provide a comprehensive
picture of the traffic situation in real-time, allowing for efficient management of
traffic flow and accidents.
• Image recognition and object detection algorithms can be used to automatically
detect and track vehicles, pedestrians, and other objects in real-time, enabling faster
and more accurate incident detection and response.
• AI-powered smart traffic signals can optimize traffic flow by adjusting signal
timing based on real-time traffic data, reducing the likelihood of accidents and
traffic congestion.
• AI-based traffic simulation models can be used to predict traffic patterns and
simulate scenarios to optimize traffic flow, thereby reducing the likelihood of
accidents.

6. Conclusion
In summary, the proposed Intelligent Traffic Management system is a state-of-the-art
response to the sophisticated problems that urban and suburban areas face in managing
traffic flow and enhancing safety. The system can precisely monitor traffic volume and
adjust traffic signals and lane directions in real-time, optimising traffic flow and easing
congestion by utilising cutting-edge technologies like traffic cameras, data analytics,
and communication networks.

The system's accident detection feature can also quickly locate incidents and notify
emergency services, facilitating quick and effective response times and enhancing
public safety. Utilizing such cutting-edge technology can improve citizens' quality of
life by greatly increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of traffic management
systems.

We think that the implementation of this system can result in fewer accidents caused by
traffic, better performance from the transport network, and more sustainable and livable
cities. However, more analysis and development are required to enhance the system's
capabilities, guarantee its precision and dependability, and address any privacy and data
security issues. This system has undeniable potential advantages. We are able to
develop a transport network that is safer and more effective by utilising cutting-edge
technology and data analysis. We can lower the number of accidents and fatalities on
our roads by reducing traffic-related incidents. Less time spent stuck in traffic translates
into lower stress levels and increased productivity. Additionally, by lowering emissions
and promoting energy efficiency, this system can help create cities that are more
sustainable and liveable.

Overall, the implementation of the proposed Intelligent Traffic Management system

should be a top priority for transportation planning and management because it is a

17
 crucial tool for contemporary cities and governments in controlling traffic flow and
enhancing public safety.

7. References

➢ SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR AMBULANCE:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315565890_SMART_TRAFFIC_CONTRO
L_SYSTEM_FOR_AMBULANCE

➢ Gap, techniques and evaluation: traffic flow prediction using machine learning and
deep learning:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356785541_Gap_techniques_and_evaluatio
n_traffic_flow_prediction_using_machine_learning_and_deep_learning

➢ Traffic Prediction Using Machine Learning:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359387501_Traffic_Prediction_Using_Mac
hine_Learning

➢ A Traffic Prediction Using Machine Learning: Literature Survey:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358700280_A_Traffic_Prediction_Using_M
achine_Learning_Literature_Survey

➢ INTRACS: Intelligent Traffic Control System Based on Ubiquitous Technology:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255584977_INTRACS_Intelligent_Traffic_
Control_System_Based_on_Ubiquitous_Technology

➢ Traffic Flow Prediction and Analysis in Smart Cities Bas:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362451657_Traffic_Flow_Prediction_and_
Analysis_in_Smart_Cities_Based_on_the_WND-LSTM_Model

➢ Traffic Flow Prediction Using Long-Short Term Memory Technique for Connected
Vehicles in Smart Cities:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356256138_Traffic_Flow_Prediction_Using
_Long-Short_Term_Memory_Technique_for_Connected_Vehicles_in_Smart_Cities

➢ Traffic Flow Correlation Analysis of K Intersections Based on Deep Learning:

Proceeding of the Fourteenth International Conference on Intelligent Information
Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing, November, 26-28, 2018, Sendai, Japan,
Volume2:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328874891_Traffic_Flow_Correlation_Anal
ysis_of_K_Intersections_Based_on_Deep_Learning_Proceeding_of_the_Fourteenth_I
nternational_Conference_on_Intelligent_Information_Hiding_and_Multimedia_Signa
l_Processing_Nov

18