Scribd
Upload
41 views

Concept 3 Notes -Periodic Table.pptx

The document provides an overview of the Periodic Table, detailing the organization of elements by atomic number and chemical properties. It explains the significance of groups and periods, including the classification of elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, as well as the Bohr model for visualizing atomic structure. Key group names and their characteristics, such as reactivity and valence electrons, are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

5299934
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views

Concept 3 Notes -Periodic Table.pptx

The document provides an overview of the Periodic Table, detailing the organization of elements by atomic number and chemical properties. It explains the significance of groups and periods, including the classification of elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, as well as the Bohr model for visualizing atomic structure. Key group names and their characteristics, such as reactivity and valence electrons, are also highlighted.

Uploaded by

5299934
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

The Periodic Table

A table organizing all of the elements known to exist by


atomic number and chemical properties.
The Periodic Table
• Groups: The vertical columns on the periodic table
– All elements in the same group have the same
number of valence electrons
• Remember: valence e- are the e- in an atom’s outermost
energy level in the electron cloud
• Group 1 = 1 valence e-
• Group 2 = 2 valence e-
(skip the transition metals in groups 3-12)
• Group 13 = 3 valence e-
(etc. until…)
• Group 18 = 8 valence e-
– With the exception of Helium
– Because of this, elements in the same group have
similar chemical properties
8 valence e-
1 valence e- The Periodic Table 7 valence e-
6 valence e-
5 valence e-
2 valence e-
4 valence e-
3 valence e-
The Periodic Table
• Group Names to Know:
– Group 1 = Alkali metals
• Most reactive metals
– Note: For metals, reactivity increases as you move down the
group
• Doesn’t include Hydrogen
– Group 2 = Alkaline earth metals
– Group 3 = Rare earth metals
– Groups 3-12 = Transition metals
– Group 17 = Halogens
• Most reactive nonmetals
– Note: For nonmetals, reactivity decreases as you move down
the group
– Group 18 = Noble Gases
• Nonreactive elements, due to already being chemically
stable
Noble gases

Alkali metals The Periodic Table Halogens


Oxygen Group
Nitrogen Group
Alkaline earth metals Carbon Group
Rare earth metals Boron Group

Transition metals
The Periodic Table
• Periods: The horizontal rows on the periodic table
– All elements in the same period have the same
number of energy levels in their electron cloud
• Remember: All atoms have a nucleus with p+ and n0
surrounded by an electron cloud with e-.
– Electron clouds are broken down into shells or
energy levels, that each hold a certain number
of e-
• Level 1 (closest to the nucleus): holds a max of 2 e-
• Level 2: holds up to 8 e-
• Level 3: holds up to 8 e- (for our purposes)
• Level 4: holds up to 18 e- (for our purposes)
The Periodic Table
1 energy level

2 energy levels

3 energy levels

4 energy levels

5 energy levels

6 energy levels

7 energy levels
Atomic Structure and the
Periodic Table
An element’s location on the periodic table informs
us about its atomic structure.
Example #1: Magnesium
– Group 2
• Therefore 2 valence
electrons
– Period 3
• Therefore 3 energy
levels
Classification of Elements
All elements on the periodic table can be classified as
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids
• Metals:
– Shiny, silvery
solids
– Good conductors
of heat and
electricity
– Malleable and
ductile
– Located to the
left of the
metalloids
Classification of Elements
All elements on the periodic table can be classified as
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids
• Nonmetals:
– Gases, or dull
brittle solids
– Poor
conductors
– Right of the
metalloids
• With the
exception of
Hydrogen!
Classification of Elements
All elements on the periodic table can be classified as
metals, nonmetals, or metalloids
• Metalloids:
– Solids
– Semi-conductor
s
– Physical
properties like
metals
– Chemical
properties like
nonmetals
Bohr Model Drawings
• Bohr Model: simple diagrams that show the
atomic structure of an atom
How to Draw:
1. Determine the number of p+ by the element’s
atomic #.
2. Determine number of n0 by subtracting.
mass # - atomic #
3. Place the p+ and n0 in the nucleus.
4. Use the period number on the periodic table to
determine the number of energy levels in the
electron cloud. Draw these around the nucleus.
5. Put the electrons on each level, filling from the
inside out.
(assume the atom is electrically neutral and the total # of e- = the total # of
p+)
-
6. Check that the number of valence e is the same
as the group #.
Bohr Model Example
Complete a Bohr Model drawing for Nitrogen.

You might also like