You said: Introduction A person's life and daily needs couldn’t continue without moving, from

the house to the workplace, to school, to market, or even for recreational purposes, transportation
is already part of a person's life and a way of making a living. However, transportation isn’t as
simple as moving from one place to a person's desired location. It is a long way of challenges we
face every day and an unending cycle of traffic. Despite the advancement in technology which
could be a great way to mitigate problems concerning traffic, congestion is still rampant,
especially in urban areas. Traffic congestion causes delays, higher fuel consumption, increased
air pollution, and even minor to major road accidents which greatly affects the economy,
environment, and people's social, mental, and physical health. In a recent study, Traffic
congestion in the Philippines resulted in substantial economic losses. An estimated PHP 2.4
billion ($54 million) in productivity is lost daily due to traffic congestion, amounting to over
PHP 800 billion ($18 billion) annually. In Metro Manila alone, Filipinos waste roughly PHP 5.5
billion annually due to traffic on EDSA. (Louielimkin, 2015). Considering the losses today, the
possibility of it increasing in many years is undeniable as the problem continues to rise. On the
other hand, concerning the environment we are facing a big problem which is climate change and
one of the reason causing it is the air pollution which is one of the effcts of traffic. Traffic
congestion significantly contributes to air pollution in the Philippines. Vehicle emissions account
for a large percentage of air pollution in Metro Manila, with one report suggesting as high as
88%. Another national emissions inventory indicated that the transportation sector contributes to
56% of outdoor air pollution. Eric Koons. (2024). These pollutants can not only cause climate
change, as this also greatly affects a persons health especially respiratory and cardiac arrest.
Nevertheless, there is also a broad social effects of traffic that increased commutr tome, causes
stress and reduced productivity. In a statistic analysis of traffic, the average Filipino wastes
approximately 188 hours per year in traffic. Lengthy commute can lead to tardiness, increased
level stress, and reduce employees morales. Over crpwded public transf=prtation add to discofort
and frustations of commuters. Poor road conditions exacerbate these issues, leading to increased
vehicle repairs, higher accident rates, and a lower quality of life. Traffic congestion also affects
people's social lives by reducing time available for other activities. Traffic congestion creates a
domino negative effect that greatly affects different sectors and if not mitigated will only worsen.
In kabacan, north Cotabato, study in analyzing the traffic congestion is already existing however,
there are a lot of changes in the population, flow, and policies in traffic. Despite the existence of
this study, unfortunately the traffic are still as it is or even got worse so this requires further
study and analysis to effectively mitigate this problem. This paper maily aim to analyze the
traffic congestion flow, discuss factors, and incorporate technology that can create possible
solution to mitigate its impact.

Statement of the problem

Traffic congestion negatively affects daily life, economic productivity, environmental

sustainability and persons mental social, and physical health. Delay in transportation causes
economic loss, transportation increase stress, fuel cost, pollution and many more. Considering
the situation is getting worse, there is really and need for efficient traffic management to reduce
congestion and its adverse effects. Significance of the study Understanding traffic congestion
will help policy makers, urban planners, and engineers to design better smart transport system.
Reducing congestion can improve economic productivity, environmental sustainability, and
overall health.
ChatGPT said: Thanks! Here's a revised and polished version of your Introduction, Statement of
the Problem, and Significance of the Study—still in a formal academic tone but clearer, more
cohesive, and grammatically refined:

Introduction Transportation is an essential part of human life. Whether it involves commuting

from home to work, school, market, or even for recreational activities, mobility plays a vital role
in sustaining daily needs and economic activities. However, transportation is not simply about
moving from one point to another—it also brings complex challenges, most notably traffic
congestion.

Despite technological advancements that aim to improve urban mobility, traffic congestion
remains a pressing issue, particularly in densely populated urban areas. It causes significant
delays, increased fuel consumption, higher levels of air pollution, and contributes to both minor
and major road accidents. These consequences impact not only the economy but also the
environment and people's mental, social, and physical well-being.

According to Louielimkin (2015), traffic congestion in the Philippines leads to considerable

economic losses, with an estimated PHP 2.4 billion (USD 54 million) in productivity lost daily—
totaling over PHP 800 billion (USD 18 billion) annually. In Metro Manila alone, traffic
congestion along

You said: Analyzing the Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Contributing to Tricycle-
Related Traffic Congestion in Poblacion Kabacan, North Cotabato

Introduction A person's life and daily needs couldn’t continue without moving, from the house to
the workplace, to school, to market, or even for recreational purposes, transportation is already
part of a person's life and a way of making a living. However, transportation isn’t as simple as
moving from one place to a person's desired location. It is a long way of challenges we face
every day and an unending cycle of traffic. Despite the advancement in technology which could
be a great way to mitigate problems concerning traffic, congestion is still rampant, especially in
urban areas. Traffic congestion causes delays, higher fuel consumption, increased air pollution,
and even minor to major road accidents which greatly affects the economy, environment, and
people's social, mental, and physical health. In a recent study, Traffic congestion in the
Philippines resulted in substantial economic losses. An estimated PHP 2.4 billion ($54 million)
in productivity is lost daily due to traffic congestion, amounting to over PHP 800 billion ($18
billion) annually. In Metro Manila, the annual financial loss attributed to traffic congestion on
EDSA amounts to approximately PHP 5.5 billion for Filipinos. (Louielimkin, 2015). Given the
current losses, the likelihood of an increase over the coming years is clear as the issue persists.
On the other side, air pollution, which is a result of traffic, is one of the factors contributing to
climate change, a major issue that we are now dealing with. Traffic congestion plays a major role
in exacerbating air pollution in the Philippines. Vehicle emissions contribute significantly to air
pollution in Metro Manila, with some reports indicating levels as high as 88%. A recent national
emissions inventory revealed that the transportation sector is responsible for 56% of outdoor air
pollution. Eric Koons. (2024). The presence of these pollutants can lead to climate change, which
significantly impacts individual health, particularly concerning respiratory issues and cardiac
arrest. Nonetheless, there are significant social implications of traffic that extend to longer
commute times, heightened stress levels, and diminished productivity. A statistical analysis of
traffic indicates that the average Filipino spends around 188 hours annually in traffic congestion.
A prolonged commute may result in lateness, heightened stress levels, and diminished employee
morale. Overcrowded public transportation contributes to the discomfort and frustrations of
commuters. Substandard road conditions intensify these problems, resulting in more frequent
vehicle repairs, elevated accident rates, and a diminished quality of life. Traffic congestion
significantly impacts individuals' social lives by limiting the time they have for various activities.
Traffic congestion initiates a series of adverse consequences that significantly impact various
sectors, and if left unaddressed, will only escalate. In Kabacan, North Cotabato, tricycles serve as
the primary mode of transportation. A study analyzing traffic congestion is already in place;
however, significant changes in population, flow, and traffic policies have occurred. Despite the
findings of this study, the traffic situation remains unchanged or has even deteriorated, indicating
a need for additional examination and evaluation to address this issue effectively. The primary
objective of this investigation is to examine the elements contributing to the rise in the number of
tricycle drivers, which serves as a fundamental cause of traffic congestion, specifically focusing
on a). Gather the socio-economic and demographic information of tricycle drivers that influences
their decision to pursue tricycle driving as a means of livelihood; b) determine the correlation
between various factors that impact their choice of occupation; c) develop a statistical model for
Poblacion Kabacan utilizing multiple regression techniques. This study is limited solely to the
tricycle operators in Poblacion Kabacan,North Cotabato.

Statement of the problem Tricycles, often viewed as slow-moving vehicles, serve as a key mode
of transport in Kabacan and are a significant contributor to traffic congestion. Traffic congestion
has detrimental impacts on everyday life, economic efficiency, environmental health, and
individuals' mental, social, and physical well-being. Delays in transportation lead to economic
setbacks, elevate stress levels, contribute to rising fuel costs, increase pollution, and much more.
With the ongoing rise in the number of tricycle drivers, it is essential to evaluate the factors
influencing this growth. This assessment aims to enhance traffic management strategies to
alleviate congestion and mitigate its negative impacts. Significance of the study Understanding
the factors affecting traffic congestion will help policy makers, urban planners, and engineers to
design better smart transport system with out sacrificing employments for tricycle drivers.
Reducing congestion can improve economic productivity, environmental sustainability, and
overall health. Methodology This study will adopt a quantitative research design to investigate
the factors contributing to the rise in the number of tricycle drivers in Poblacion Kabacan, North
Cotabato, and their role in traffic congestion. The methodology will involve survey-based data
collection, followed by statistical analysis to assess the relationships between various socio-
economic and demographic variables and the decision to pursue tricycle driving. A statistical
model will be developed using multiple regression analysis to understand and predict the factors
affecting this phenomenon. Research Design This study will utilize a descriptive-correlational
research design to examine the socio-economic and demographic factors that influence the rise in
the number of tricycle drivers in Poblacion Kabacan. The study will seek to identify patterns and
relationships between various independent variables (e.g., income, education, family size) and
the dependent variable (i.e., the decision to become a tricycle driver). The research will also
involve regression analysis to model the relationship between these variables and predict future
trends in the number of tricycle drivers.
Sampling Technique A stratified random sampling technique will be employed to select a
representative sample of tricycle drivers operating in Poblacion Kabacan. This will ensure that
different subgroups (such as age, education, and income level) are represented in the sample. The
study will focus on all active tricycle drivers in Poblacion Kabacan, North Cotabato. For the
sampling frame a list of registered tricycle drivers will be obtained from the local transport
authority or relevant government agencies. The sample size will be determined using Slovin’s
formula, considering the population size with a 5 % margin of error.

n=N/(1+Ne^2 )

where:
n = Number of Samples
N = Total Population
e = Margin of error (5%)

Data Collection Methods The primary data collection method will involve structured surveys.
The survey will be designed to gather quantitative data on the socio-economic and demographic
characteristics of tricycle drivers, as well as their decision-making process in choosing tricycle
driving as a means of livelihood. The survey will be administered through face-to-face
interviews, ensuring that participants fully understand the questions. Survey Instrument
Demographic Factors: Age Gender Marital status Educational background Household size and
dependency ratio Employment status Socio-Economic Factors: Monthly income from tricycle
driving Previous occupation Household income Dependence on the income from tricycle driving
Decision to Pursue Tricycle Driving: Reasons for choosing tricycle driving (e.g., lack of
alternative employment, accessibility, perceived benefits) Perceived challenges and benefits of
tricycle driving Traffic Congestion Impact: Perception of traffic congestion and its effect on their
livelihood Time spent in traffic daily Awareness of the role of tricycles in contributing to traffic
congestion The survey will be pre-tested with a small sample to ensure clarity and reliability of
the questions. Data Analysis Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the socio-economic
and demographic characteristics of the tricycle drivers, including; a) Frequency distributions
(e.g., how many drivers belong to specific age groups, income brackets); b) Measures of central
tendency (mean, median) to determine typical values for variables like age, income, and family
size; c) Measures of variability (standard deviation, range) to understand the spread of values in
key variables Correlational Analysis To identify the relationships between different
socioeconomic and demographic factors and the decision to pursue tricycle driving, correlational
analysis will be performed. This will help identify which variables are strongly related to the
decision to become a tricycle driver. Key relationships to investigate include; a) Income and the
decision to drive a tricycle; b)Educational background and the decision to drive a tricycle;
c)Family size and dependence on tricycle income The Pearson correlation coefficient will be
used to quantify the strength of the relationships between these variables. Multiple Regression
Analysis A multiple regression analysis will be conducted to understand the relative importance
of various socio-economic and demographic factors in influencing the decision to pursue tricycle
driving. The dependent variable in this model will be the decision to become a tricycle driver
(binary: Yes/No), and the independent variables will include factors such as; Age, Education
level, Income level, Family size, Previous occupation, Household income. The regression model
will help predict the likelihood of an individual choosing tricycle driving based on these factors,
providing a statistical understanding of what drives this trend. The analysis will be conducted
using stepwise regression to identify the most significant predictors. Model Development and
Validation A predictive model will be developed based on the findings from the multiple
regression analysis. This model will estimate the likelihood of someone becoming a tricycle
driver based on their socio-economic and demographic characteristics. For Model Validation, the
model will be validated using a separate test dataset, which will be part of the sample not used in
the initial regression analysis. This will assess the accuracy and generalizability of the model.

ChatGPT said: Update memory? “Research study titled "Analyzing the Socio-Economi...”

Yes

No Salamat sa detailed draft! Here's a polished and formatted version of your Introduction,
Statement of the Problem, Significance of the Study, and Methodology. This version keeps your
ideas intact but improves clarity, grammar, and flow—ready for inclusion in your research paper:

Analyzing the Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Contributing to Tricycle-Related

Traffic Congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato Introduction Mobility is an essential
aspect of everyday life. Whether for work, school, shopping, or recreation, transportation plays a
vital role in fulfilling human needs and supporting livelihoods. However, modern transportation
is not without challenges—one of the most pressing being traffic congestion. Despite advances in
technology that could help alleviate this issue, congestion remains widespread, particularly in
urban and semi-urban areas.

Traffic congestion causes numerous problems, including delays, higher fuel consumption,
increased air pollution, and frequent road accidents. These effects extend beyond transportation
efficiency—they significantly impact the economy, environment, and people’s physical, mental,
and social well-being. In the Philippines, traffic congestion leads to massive economic losses. A
study by Louielimkin (2015) estimated that the country loses PHP 2.4 billion (USD 54 million)
daily due to productivity loss, amounting to more than PHP 800 billion (USD 18 billion)
annually. In Metro Manila alone, congestion along EDSA costs Filipinos roughly PHP 5.5 billion
per year.

Moreover, traffic is a major contributor to air pollution, which in turn accelerates climate change.
According to Eric Koons (2024), vehicle emissions account for up to 88% of air pollution in
Metro Manila, with the transportation sector contributing 56% of the nation’s outdoor air
pollution. These pollutants affect not only the environment but also public health, increasing
cases of respiratory diseases and cardiovascular problems.

On the social side, long commutes and traffic congestion reduce productivity, elevate stress, and
negatively affect overall quality of life. The average Filipino spends approximately 188 hours per
year stuck in traffic. Overcrowded public transport, poor road infrastructure, and a growing
number of vehicles—particularly tricycles—worsen the situation.

In the municipality of Kabacan, North Cotabato, tricycles serve as the main mode of
transportation. While a prior study on traffic congestion exists, demographic shifts and policy
changes have occurred, but the traffic situation has remained the same—or even worsened. This
highlights the need for updated and focused research.

This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and demographic factors contributing to tricycle-
related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan. Specifically, it will:

a) Gather socio-economic and demographic data of tricycle drivers;

b) Determine correlations between these variables and the decision to pursue tricycle driving as a
livelihood; and

c) Develop a statistical model using multiple regression analysis.

This research will be limited to tricycle drivers operating within Poblacion, Kabacan, North
Cotabato.

Statement of the Problem Tricycles, although essential for local transport, are also a key
contributor to traffic congestion in Kabacan. Their slow-moving nature, high volume, and
frequent stops create bottlenecks that negatively impact daily life, economic productivity,
environmental sustainability, and individual well-being. As the number of tricycle drivers
continues to grow, it is crucial to examine the socio-economic and demographic factors
influencing this trend. By doing so, the study aims to inform traffic management strategies that
reduce congestion while still supporting the livelihoods of tricycle drivers.

Significance of the Study This study will be beneficial to policymakers, urban planners, and
traffic management authorities in designing more efficient and inclusive transportation systems.
Understanding the motivations and backgrounds of tricycle drivers can help develop policies that
balance traffic decongestion with employment sustainability. The findings will also contribute to
improved urban mobility, reduced environmental impact, and enhanced quality of life.

Methodology Research Design The study will utilize a quantitative, descriptive-correlational

research design. This approach is suited for identifying and analyzing relationships between
socio-economic and demographic variables and the decision to engage in tricycle driving.

Sampling Technique A stratified random sampling method will be employed to ensure proper
representation of subgroups (e.g., age, income level, education). The sampling frame will be
based on a list of registered tricycle drivers provided by the local transport authority. The sample

𝑛
size will be calculated using Slovin’s formula, with a 5% margin of error:

𝑁 1 + 𝑁 𝑒 2 n= 1+Ne 2

N
Where:

n = sample size

N = population size

e = margin of error (0.05)

Data Collection Methods Data will be gathered through structured face-to-face surveys, ensuring
clarity and completeness. A pretest will be conducted with a small group to refine the instrument.

Survey Instrument The survey will be divided into the following sections:

Demographic Factors

Age, Gender, Marital status

Educational background

Household size and dependents

Employment history

Socio-Economic Factors

Monthly income from tricycle driving

Previous occupation and total household income

Financial dependency on tricycle driving

Decision to Pursue Tricycle Driving

Reasons for choosing the job (e.g., accessibility, lack of alternatives)

Perceived advantages and challenges

Traffic Congestion Perceptions

Daily time spent in traffic

Awareness of their contribution to congestion

Impact of traffic on livelihood

Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics: Frequency, mean, median, and standard deviation will
summarize the demographic and socio-economic data.

Correlational Analysis: Using Pearson's r, relationships between variables (e.g., income and
choice of occupation) will be assessed.

Multiple Regression Analysis: A model will be built to determine which factors significantly
predict the decision to become a tricycle driver. The dependent variable will be binary (Yes/No),
and independent variables will include age, income, education, family size, etc.

Model Validation: A portion of the data will be set aside for validation to ensure the model’s
accuracy and reliability.

If you’d like, I can help turn this into a clean formatted Word doc or assist with your Chapter II
(Review of Related Literature) next! Let me know how you’d like to continue.

You said: insights about the matter ChatGPT said: Sure! Here are some insights about your study
on tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato, based on your
current write-up:

🔍 Insights About the Study Tricycles as a Double-Edged Sword

Tricycles are a lifeline for many residents in Kabacan, providing accessible transportation and
livelihood. However, their dominance on the road also contributes significantly to traffic
congestion. This dual role makes it important to balance livelihood and traffic flow in any
proposed solution.

Socio-Economic Pressures Influence Driver Growth

Many individuals may turn to tricycle driving due to lack of alternative employment, low
education levels, or urgent family financial needs. This suggests that the root cause of congestion
isn’t just infrastructure, but also economic inequality and limited job opportunities.

Demographics Can Help Predict Traffic Trends

By analyzing variables like age, education, income, and family size, your research could reveal
patterns—such as younger or less-educated individuals being more likely to drive tricycles—
which helps in targeting policy interventions or alternative livelihood programs.

Traffic as a Symptom of Bigger Systemic Issues

The persistence of traffic congestion despite previous studies hints that policy recommendations
are either not implemented or ineffective. It may also suggest that urban planning hasn’t kept up
with population growth or transportation demand.

Potential for Policy and Tech-Based Solutions

With proper data, local government units (LGUs) can use your findings to implement zoning
regulations, designated tricycle terminals, or traffic flow systems. Integration of smart transport
systems, even on a small scale, could be piloted in Kabacan as a model for other towns.

Environmental and Health Impacts Shouldn't Be Ignored

Your study indirectly highlights that congestion equals pollution, which means any solution to
this problem contributes not just to convenience or economy, but also to climate action and
public health—which aligns with broader sustainable development goals (SDGs).

Need for a Holistic Approach

A solution should consider infrastructure, enforcement, and economics—not just reduce tricycles
or control them. Sustainable changes should include skills training, public transport alternatives,
and urban redesign, so people aren’t left jobless or stuck in worsening congestion.

If you want, I can also help you develop recommendations or policy implications based on these
insights! Let me know if you’d like to continue with that or proceed to your Review of Related
Literature (Chapter II).

You said: dependent and independent varialble ChatGPT said: Great question! Based on your
study titled "Analyzing the Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors Contributing to Tricycle-
Related Traffic Congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato," here's a breakdown of your
dependent and independent variables:

✅ Dependent Variable (What you're trying to explain or predict) Decision to Become a Tricycle
Driver (Binary/Yes or No)

This is the outcome you are analyzing. You're trying to understand what factors influence a
person to pursue tricycle driving as a livelihood, which is also linked to the rise in traffic
congestion.

🔁 Independent Variables (Factors you think influence the dependent variable) Demographic
Factors: Age

Gender

Marital Status

Educational Attainment

Household Size / Number of Dependents

Employment Status (previous or current, if any)

Socio-Economic Factors: Monthly Income from Tricycle Driving

Total Household Income

Previous Occupation

Sole Dependency on Tricycle Income

Perceived Accessibility and Availability of Tricycle Driving

Traffic Perception Variables (Optional Exploratory): Time Spent in Traffic Daily

Perception of Tricycle’s Role in Traffic Congestion

Awareness of Traffic Policies

💡 Additional Tip: If you plan to include traffic congestion severity as a separate outcome (e.g.,
perceived or measured congestion level), then that can also be treated as a dependent variable in
a separate model.

Would you like help building your variable matrix or survey questionnaire table? I can make it
super organized for your thesis appendix!

You said: how can i IV to traffic congestion ChatGPT said: Great question! You're asking how
independent variables (IVs)—like socio-economic and demographic factors—can be connected
or contribute to traffic congestion, particularly from the tricycle sector. Let’s break this down
clearly:

🔁 Connecting Independent Variables to Traffic Congestion You're not just analyzing why people
become tricycle drivers, but also how this growing number contributes to congestion. So your
study can explore two levels:

✅ 1. First Level: Why They Become Tricycle Drivers This part helps you understand the root
causes (your IVs) of the increasing number of tricycle drivers, which is a mediating factor
leading to congestion.

IVs ➝ Decision to drive tricycle ➝ Traffic Congestion

✅ 2. Second Level: How the Rise in Tricycle Driving Contributes to Traffic Congestion You can
now link the number of tricycles, driving behavior, and road use patterns to traffic congestion.

Examples: Independent Variable (IV) Possible Link to Traffic Congestion Household income
Lower income may push more people to drive tricycles ➝ more units on the road. Educational
level Limited education may reduce job options ➝ driving becomes more common. Family size /
Dependents More dependents ➝ higher need for stable daily income ➝ tricycle driving as
fallback. Employment status (unemployed/formerly OFW, etc.) Lack of formal employment ➝
higher chance of becoming a tricycle driver. Perception of driving as accessible If many believe
it’s easy to enter the profession ➝ more tricycles on the road. Daily time spent on the road
Tricycles that operate long hours contribute more to road congestion. 🔍 So how do you formally
link IVs to congestion? You can add an additional regression model or correlation test where the
dependent variable is “Perceived Impact on Traffic Congestion” or actual measured traffic
density (if available).

Sample DV for this: Perceived contribution of tricycles to congestion (Likert scale)

Time spent in traffic daily (in minutes)

Number of tricycles per street or per capita (if LGU data is available)

📌 Suggested Add-on to Your Study: Include a section in your survey like:

“In your opinion, how much do tricycles contribute to traffic congestion in Poblacion?” Scale: 1
– Not at all, 2 – Slightly, 3 – Moderately, 4 – Significantly

This lets you statistically link socio-economic IVs to their perceived role in congestion, giving
your paper more depth.

If you want, I can help you design a conceptual framework that shows these relationships clearly.
Let me know!

You said: more suggest add ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's a list of suggested additions to your
study that can make it more insightful, practical, and defendable (lalo na pagdating sa thesis
defense):

🔧 1. Add a Conceptual Framework (Theoretical Model) Visually represent how your IVs
influence the decision to drive and how that in turn contributes to traffic congestion. This shows
reviewers that your study has a strong logic and research backbone.

Example Flow:

css Copy Socio-economic & Demographic Factors

↓
Decision to Drive a Tricycle
↓
Increased Tricycle Volume
↓
Traffic Congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan I can help you draw this if you want a visual version!

🧠 2. Add a Section on Possible Interventions or Recommendations Based on your findings, you

can propose:

Alternative livelihood programs for drivers

Regulating the number of tricycles through permits

Creating loading/unloading zones

Implementing a driver rotation system

Infrastructure solutions (like wider roads, designated lanes)

This adds policy value to your research.

📊 3. Include a Traffic Observation Component (Optional but Powerful) Alongside surveys,

conduct actual traffic counts or observations during peak hours:

How many tricycles pass per hour?

Where do they stop the most?

Are there chokepoints?

It strengthens your argument with real-time data.

📈 4. Time Series or Trend Analysis (if LGU data is available) If you can get historical data (like
number of registered tricycles from 2015–2024), you can analyze:

Growth trends of tricycle drivers

Compare with population growth or unemployment

This gives evidence of increasing tricycle-related congestion.

🎯 5. Add an Objective Specific to Congestion Impact Right now your objectives focus on
drivers. Add one like:

“To assess the perceived impact of tricycle operations on traffic congestion in Poblacion,
Kabacan.”

It ties the whole study together nicely.

📋 6. Add a Short Interview Section for Key Informants Talk to:

A traffic enforcer

A barangay official

A long-time resident or tricycle operator

Their insights can be quoted in your discussion or results, adding a qualitative layer to your
quantitative data.
🔍 7. Add Limitations and Scope Clarification Mention early that:

This study focuses only on tricycles, not jeepneys/motorcycles.

Only tricycle drivers in Poblacion are included.

Congestion is based on perception and not direct speed-flow measurements.

It helps set expectations and avoids reviewer confusion.

Would you like me to help you rewrite your research objectives or scope & limitations section to
reflect these additions? Or maybe create your conceptual framework diagram? Let me know, I
got you!

You said: is this a good research for a civil engineer ChatGPT said: Oo, solid na solid 'to para sa
civil engineering, especially kung may focus ka sa transportation engineering, urban planning, or
traffic systems. Here's why your study is a good fit:

👷‍♂️Why This is a Good Civil Engineering Research Topic ✅ 1. Relevant to Transportation

Engineering Civil engineers working in traffic and transport systems analyze flow, congestion,
vehicle types, and road use. Your study tackles:

Vehicle volume (tricycles)

Road capacity and usage

Traffic patterns and chokepoints

Perfect match!

✅ 2. Data-Driven and Quantitative You’re using:

Descriptive statistics

Correlational analysis

Multiple regression modeling

Civil engineering research often relies on mathematical modeling and data analysis, so your
methodology aligns well.

✅ 3. Practical Application in Urban Planning Your study has real-world implications:

Policy recommendations

Traffic flow improvements

Livelihood-aware solutions

Civil engineers don't just build roads—they plan for efficient use, kaya relevant ito sa urban
mobility and infrastructure planning.

✅ 4. Localized and Contextual Focusing on Poblacion, Kabacan gives your research a strong
community impact, which is highly encouraged in civil engineering—lalo na in LGU-related or
government-funded projects.

✅ 5. Environmental & Public Health Aspect You also mention:

Air pollution from vehicle emissions

Traffic-related stress These are part of sustainable civil engineering practices (connected to
climate resilience and livable cities).

🔎 Suggestions to Strengthen the “Civil Engineering” Angle If gusto mong mas ipush into the CE
field, consider adding:

Estimated traffic flow rate (vehicles/hour)

Level of Service (LOS) assessment (basic estimate lang)

Road geometry assessment (width, lane count, etc.)

Infrastructure gap analysis (are there enough terminals, loading zones?)

✅ Final Verdict: ✔ YES! This is a strong and relevant research topic for civil engineering
students, especially in the field of transportation and urban systems.

If you want, I can help you tailor your paper to highlight the engineering angle more clearly—
especially for your defense or final paper. G ka?

You said:

what can i possible add or edit in the dependent variable so that it becomes a solid study
ChatGPT said: Good job sa conceptual framework mo! It’s already solid, pero we can refine and
expand the Dependent Variable (DV) side to better reflect the actual link to traffic congestion —
not just the decision to drive. Right now kasi, your DV focuses only on the decision to pursue
tricycle driving, which is more of a mediating variable, not the final effect.

Suggested Edits for the Dependent Variable Box: Option 1: Separate the Variables Break it
down into two levels for clarity:

📦 Dependent Variables
Decision to Pursue Tricycle Driving (From the socio-economic & demographic factors — this is
your first regression)

Tricycle-Related Traffic Congestion (From the increasing number of tricycles & their effect on
road use — this is your second regression or correlation)

Option 2: Rewrite it to Show Actual Congestion Impact If gusto mo single DV lang, pero clearer,
you can write:

📦 Dependent Variable: Tricycle-Related Traffic Congestion

Number of active tricycle drivers

Time spent in traffic by tricycles

Perceived contribution of tricycles to congestion

Road saturation due to tricycles

This reflects a more measurable congestion outcome. Pwede mo itong kunin via surveys (Likert
scale) or traffic observations.

🔍 Sample Revised Framework (in words): IVs (Demo + Socioeconomic factors) ➝ influence ➝
Decision to become a tricycle driver ➝ increases ➝ Tricycle-related traffic congestion

You could label the “decision to pursue tricycle driving” as a mediating variable, while actual
congestion is the ultimate DV.

📌 Why This Matters By linking IVs to an actual traffic congestion metric, your study becomes
more grounded in civil engineering and makes a stronger case for policy recommendations and
urban planning solutions.

⚙️Bonus Add-On: Intermediate Variable You may also insert a “Number of Tricycle Drivers” or
“Tricycle Volume on Roads” box between IVs and congestion. That acts as the bridge causing
the traffic.

Let me know if you want me to help revise the visual version! I can redraw it for you with the
adjusted flow.

You said: make the framework in picture then give it to me ChatGPT said: Image created

Rate this image

You said: improve the image ChatGPT said: Image created

You said:
generate a more understandable image ChatGPT said: Image created

Rate this image

You said: explain the image in a research way that can be input in conceptual framework
ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's a formal explanation of your conceptual framework image, written
in a way you can directly include in your Conceptual Framework section of your research paper:

Conceptual Framework This study is guided by a conceptual framework that illustrates the
relationship between the demographic and socio-economic factors of individuals and their
decision to pursue tricycle driving, which ultimately contributes to tricycle-related traffic
congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato.

As shown in the diagram, the independent variables are classified into two categories:

Demographic Factors: age, gender, marital status, educational background, and household size;

Socioeconomic Factors: employment status, monthly income, previous occupation, and total
household income.

These factors influence the decision to pursue tricycle driving, which is treated as a mediating
variable. This decision serves as a key mechanism through which the independent variables
indirectly affect traffic conditions. The rationale is that individuals with certain demographic and
economic characteristics are more likely to become tricycle drivers, especially in areas where job
alternatives are limited and tricycle driving is considered a practical and accessible livelihood.

The increase in the number of tricycle drivers, in turn, contributes to tricycle-related traffic
congestion, which is the dependent variable of the study. This congestion is measured in terms
of:

The number of active tricycle drivers,

Time spent in traffic by tricycles, and

Commuters’ or drivers’ perceptions of how tricycles contribute to overall traffic congestion.

This framework supports the study’s objective of identifying the key demographic and socio-
economic factors that contribute to the increase in tricycle drivers and how this increase leads to
worsening traffic congestion. It also serves as the basis for the formulation of a multiple
regression model that will quantify these relationships and aid in the development of practical
traffic management solutions.

Let me know if you’d like this in Word format or if you want help creating the theoretical
framework next!

You said:
what should be number 3 ChatGPT said: Nice draft! For #3, it’s best to highlight a practical or
policy-oriented outcome that shows the application of your findings.

Here’s a strong and research-aligned suggestion:

3. Recommend policy interventions and urban planning strategies to reduce tricycle-related

traffic congestion without compromising livelihood opportunities.

This output shows that your study isn't just about analysis — it’s also about proposing real-world
solutions, which is very important in civil engineering and public planning research.

Let me know if you'd like me to rephrase all 3 outputs para uniform ‘yung wording and tone. G?

You said: what are examples of this ChatGPT said: Good question! Since #3 is about
recommending policy interventions and urban planning strategies, here's a list of concrete
examples that you can include or be inspired by for your study:

✅ Examples of Policy Interventions & Urban Planning Strategies A. Traffic & Road
Management Policies Designated Tricycle Terminals or Stops

Prevents tricycles from stopping anywhere, reducing random traffic halts.

Implementation of Odd-Even or Color-Coding Scheme

Limits the number of tricycles on the road during peak hours or specific days.

Route Rationalization for Tricycles

Assign specific routes to prevent oversaturation in central areas.

Tricycle Ban on National Highways (with alternatives provided)

Enforce restrictions while building parallel access roads.

B. Urban Planning Solutions Widening of Narrow Roads or Road Shoulder Improvement

Allows more space for tricycles without blocking traffic lanes.

Construction of Loading/Unloading Bays

Built-in lay-bys to prevent stopping on the road itself.

Dedicated Tricycle Lanes (where space allows)

Separates slow-moving vehicles from general traffic.

C. Livelihood Support Alternatives Skills Training or Livelihood Programs

For tricycle drivers who might transition to less road-intensive jobs.

Cooperative-based Driving Schedules

Organize drivers into groups with rotating shifts to control tricycle volume.

D. Technological Interventions Tricycle Driver Registration and Tracking System

Use digital IDs or QR codes to monitor registered drivers and avoid oversaturation.

Mobile App for Booking Tricycles

Like a localized GrabTrike system to improve dispatch efficiency.

📝 In Your Paper, You Could Say: “Based on the study’s findings, the researcher may
recommend the development of a route rationalization scheme and the establishment of
designated terminals to ease traffic flow in Poblacion. Furthermore, training programs can be
introduced to help drivers transition to alternative livelihoods, thus reducing road saturation.”

Gusto mo ba isama ko ito sa iyong “Recommendations” section format-style? I can draft it for
you!

You said: make number 3 the likert square construct the sentence ChatGPT said: Got it! Here's
how you can write Number 3 as a Likert-scale related output for your Expected Outputs of the
Study section:

3. Develop a Likert-scale survey instrument to measure tricycle drivers' perceptions on

traffic congestion, including their awareness of their contribution and the effects on their
livelihood.

This ties in perfectly with your study’s goal of analyzing perceived impact and gives you a tool
to quantify attitudes and opinions — which is very useful for both analysis and interpretation.

If you want, I can help you draft the actual Likert-scale items/questions for your survey. G?

You said: no no not the tricycle drivers perception ChatGPT said: Ahh got it! So not focused on
the tricycle drivers’ perception, but rather the measurement of traffic congestion itself using a
Likert-type tool — maybe from the researcher's perspective or as an observational rating
instrument.

Here’s a refined version of Number 3 that fits that:

 3. Construct a Likert-scale rating tool to assess the level of tricycle-related traffic
congestion based on observable indicators such as volume, frequency of stops, and road
saturation.

This kind of tool allows you (or your enumerators) to quantitatively rate the traffic situation in
Poblacion based on structured criteria, even if it’s visual or field-assessed.

If you want help creating the Likert scale questionnaire itself (like 1–4 choices with indicators), I
can build that for you too! Let me know!

You said: pedestrians perception ChatGPT said: Ahhh yes! Now clear — you want to include the
pedestrians’ perception of traffic congestion in your study. Perfect addition since they are
directly affected by road use and traffic flow.

Here’s how you can write Number 3 in your Expected Outputs section:

3. Construct a Likert-scale instrument to gather pedestrians’ perceptions on the severity,

causes, and impacts of tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan.

This allows you to:

Measure how ordinary road users (like students, workers, etc.) experience and perceive
congestion

Analyze social impact beyond just the tricycle drivers

Strengthen your justification for policy recommendations

🔍 Example Likert Items You Can Use: (1 = Strongly Disagree to 4 = Strongly Agree)

“Tricycles cause congestion on major roads during peak hours.”

“It is difficult to walk on the sidewalk because of tricycle-related traffic.”

“Tricycle traffic affects my daily travel time.”

“Traffic congestion in Poblacion affects my personal safety as a pedestrian.”

Let me know if you want a full Likert-scale table you can include in your survey tool. G?

You said: others perception ChatGPT said: Perfect! So now you're expanding your study to
include other road users’ perception — not just tricycle drivers or pedestrians, but also
commuters, private vehicle users, store owners, enforcers, and residents who regularly
experience the traffic situation in Poblacion.

Here’s the refined sentence for Expected Output #3:

 3. Develop a Likert-scale survey instrument to assess the perception of various road users
on the causes, severity, and impacts of tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion,
Kabacan.

🔍 Who are “Other Road Users”? You can include:

Pedestrians

Private vehicle owners

Jeepney/motorcycle passengers

Traffic enforcers

Storefront business owners

Residents near congested roads

📋 Sample Likert-Scale Statements (1 = Strongly Disagree to 4 = Strongly Agree) “Tricycles are

the main cause of traffic congestion in Poblacion.”

“Traffic congestion negatively affects business operations in the area.”

“There are too many tricycles operating during peak hours.”

“Road infrastructure in Poblacion is not sufficient to accommodate all vehicles.”

“Traffic congestion makes commuting stressful and time-consuming.”

Want me to make a full Likert table (with 10–15 items) you can directly include in your
questionnaire appendix? Let’s build it!

You said: what are socioeconomic factors to consider in the study ChatGPT said: Great question!
Since your study focuses on analyzing the socio-economic factors that influence people to
become tricycle drivers — and how that contributes to traffic congestion — you’ll want to
include variables that reflect both their economic condition and social standing.

Here’s a list of socioeconomic factors that are most relevant for your research:

✅ Socioeconomic Factors to Consider 🏠 Income and Financial Status Monthly income from
tricycle driving

Total household income

Number of income earners in the household

Financial dependency on tricycle driving (Is it their sole source of income?)

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Household and Family Profile Household size (number of members)

Number of dependents (especially children and elderly)

Type of housing (owned, rented, informal, etc.)

Access to basic services (water, electricity, sanitation)

💼 Employment Background Previous occupation or job experience

Employment status before tricycle driving

Reason for leaving former employment (if applicable)

Years of experience in tricycle driving

📚 Education and Skills Highest educational attainment

Access to vocational or skills training

Literacy level (if necessary in rural areas)

🚧 Access to Opportunities Availability of alternative employment in the area

Access to government livelihood programs

Involvement in cooperative/driver associations

🧠 Tip: These variables are not just for description — they can be used in your correlational and
regression analysis to see which socioeconomic conditions most strongly predict the decision to
become a tricycle driver.

Would you like help turning this into a clean survey table or coding sheet? I can also help you
group them into survey sections for easy administration. G?

You said: demographic factors ChatGPT said: Nice! Now for the demographic factors, these are
characteristics that describe the personal profile of an individual — things that don't necessarily
change often and help you categorize or group your respondents.

Here’s a list of demographic factors relevant to your study on tricycle-related traffic congestion:

✅ Demographic Factors to Consider 🧓 Age Actual age or grouped (e.g., 18–25, 26–35, etc.)

Age group may relate to physical ability to work or employment options

🚹🚺 Sex/Gender Male / Female / Prefer not to say (if inclusive)

Useful for identifying if the job is male-dominated, which it often is

📜 Marital Status Single, Married, Widowed, Separated

May influence economic responsibilities or need for income

🏫 Educational Attainment No formal education, Elementary, High School, College Level,

College Graduate, Vocational

Often correlates with job accessibility and alternative employment opportunities

👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 Number of Household Members Total people living in the household

Often used in combination with number of dependents

👶 Number of Dependents Children and/or elderly family members supported

Indicates financial pressure to seek livelihood

📍 Place of Residence Urban or rural barangay in Kabacan

Proximity to high-traffic areas or terminals

Years of Residency in Poblacion May reflect familiarity with traffic conditions or available job
options

🧠 Why These Are Useful You can analyze these to:

Profile your respondents

Correlate demographic characteristics with traffic congestion impact

See who is most likely to enter tricycle driving and why

Would you like me to organize both demographic and socio-economic variables into a survey
questionnaire table? I can format it for easier encoding or actual survey use. Let me know!

You said:

make a structured interview ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's a structured interview guide based on
the demographic and socioeconomic factors from your conceptual framework. This format is
designed for face-to-face interviews with tricycle drivers, with clear, direct questions under each
category:
Structured Interview Guide Title: Interview on Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors
Influencing Tricycle Driving in Poblacion, Kabacan

Instructions for Interviewer: Please read each question clearly. Use a friendly and respectful
tone. Write answers exactly as stated by the respondent.

Section A: Demographic Information Age: “Ilang taon na po kayo ngayon?” • Age:

___________

Gender: “Ano po ang inyong kasarian?” • [ ] Male • [ ] Female • [ ] Prefer not to say

Marital Status: “Ano po ang inyong civil status?” • [ ] Single • [ ] Married • [ ] Widowed • [ ]
Separated

Educational Background: “Ano po ang pinakamataas na antas ng edukasyon na inyong natapos?”

• [ ] No formal education • [ ] Elementary Level • [ ] High School Level • [ ]
Vocational/Technical • [ ] College Level • [ ] College Graduate

Household Size: “Ilan po kayo sa iisang bahay?” • Total number of household members:
___________

Section B: Socioeconomic Profile Monthly Income (From Tricycle Driving): “Magkano po ang
tinatayang buwanang kita ninyo mula sa pamamasada?” • PHP ___________

Financial Dependency: “Ang kinikita niyo po ba sa tricycle driving ang pangunahing

pinagkukunan ng inyong panggastos sa bahay?” • [ ] Oo • [ ] Hindi • If no, specify other sources:
___________________

Household Income: “Magkano po ang tinatayang kabuuang kita ng inyong buong pamilya sa
loob ng isang buwan?” • PHP ___________

Type of Housing: “Anong uri po ng tirahan ang inyong tinitirhan ngayon?” • [ ] Owned • [ ]
Rented • [ ] Informal/Temporary • [ ] Living with relatives

✅ Optional Add-on Questions (For deeper insights): How long have you been driving a tricycle?
• ________ years

What made you decide to become a tricycle driver? _Open-ended:

__________________________________________

Let me know if you want this in MS Word format, or if you'd like me to create a Tagalog-
translated version or include a consent portion at the top. G?

You said: make choices for number 6 and 8 ChatGPT said: Got it! Here’s the updated version of
Questions 6 and 8 with multiple-choice options (income brackets) — para mas madali i-analyze
later during encoding and statistical analysis:
 6. Monthly Income (From Tricycle Driving): “Magkano po ang tinatayang buwanang kita
ninyo mula sa pamamasada ng tricycle?”

• [ ] Below ₱5,000 • [ ] ₱5,001 – ₱8,000 • [ ] ₱8,001 – ₱10,000 • [ ] ₱10,001 – ₱12,000 • [ ]

₱12,001 – ₱15,000 • [ ] Above ₱15,000

8. Total Household Income: “Magkano po ang tinatayang kabuuang kita ng inyong buong
pamilya sa loob ng isang buwan?”

• [ ] Below ₱10,000 • [ ] ₱10,001 – ₱15,000 • [ ] ₱15,001 – ₱20,000 • [ ] ₱20,001 – ₱25,000 • [ ]

₱25,001 – ₱30,000 • [ ] Above ₱30,000

Let me know if you want these choices adjusted based on local income brackets or NSCB
(National Statistical Coordination Board) standards — or if you’d like the full structured
interview in a Word doc format. G?

You said: Create Dummy Tables ChatGPT said: Table 1: Socioeconomic And Demographic
Profile

Table 2: Correlation Between Variables And Decision To Drive

Here are the two dummy tables you requested:

Table 1: Socioeconomic and Demographic Profile of Tricycle Drivers

Table 2: Correlation between Variables and the Decision to Drive a Tricycle

Let me know if you’d like to add a regression analysis table or export this to Word/Excel format.

You said: export to word ChatGPT said: Here is your downloadable file with the dummy tables:

📄 Download Dummy_Tables_Tricycle_Study.docx

Let me know if you want to add more tables, graphs, or export the whole research template!

You said: does a dummy table includes a value ChatGPT said: Great question! Here's the quick
answer:

✅ Yes, dummy tables can include values — but they are usually fictional or sample data. 📌 What
is a Dummy Table? A dummy table is a template or mock-up of what your actual tables will look
like once you’ve collected and analyzed your data. It is usually included in:

Research proposals

Methodology chapters
Planning phases of quantitative studies

🔍 What's Included in a Dummy Table? Element Description Column Headers Yes — to show
what kind of data you'll report. Row Categories Yes — variables or indicators you're measuring.
Sample Values Optional — can be filled with estimated, made-up, or placeholder values (like
averages, percentages). No Real Data Yet It shouldn't include actual field results unless it's
already post-survey. 🔧 When to Use Values in a Dummy Table? ✅ To demonstrate how you plan
to summarize or analyze the data.

✅ To show statistical outputs like mean, percentage, Pearson r, etc.

❌ Just make sure the values are clearly labeled as sample or illustrative, especially in a proposal
or pre-defense.

🧠 Example: In a proposal:

“Table 1 shows a dummy output summarizing the demographic profile of respondents. Values
are for illustration purposes only.”

Would you like me to label the tables as "Sample Values Only" in your docx file? G ako if yes!

You said:

in curriculum vitae what should i put ChatGPT said: Great! For the “RELEVANT TRAINING”
section of your Curriculum Vitae (CV) — especially for your undergraduate research in Civil
Engineering focused on traffic and socioeconomic analysis — you should include academic
subjects, workshops, seminars, or certifications that helped prepare you for your study.

✅ Sample Entries You Can Include: Research Methods and Thesis Writing

Statistics for Engineers

Transportation Engineering

Urban Planning and Development

Introduction to Environmental Engineering

Seminar on Sustainable Urban Mobility

Training on SPSS / Excel for Data Analysis

Basic GIS Mapping for Traffic Analysis

Webinar: Traffic Congestion Management in Urban Communities

Workshop: Questionnaire Design and Survey Administration

✂️Don’t Forget: Delete the yellow note before submission (as instructed in the image).

Use bullet points or numbered list with a consistent format.

If you attended any training organized by CHED, DPWH, LGU, or school-based research forums
— include those!

Want me to format this section properly in Word or turn it into a polished CV? Just say the word,
G ako d'yan!

You said: respondents of the study ChatGPT said: Great! Here's a formal write-up for the
"Respondents of the Study" section that you can include in your methodology chapter. This is
aligned with your research on tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan:

Respondents of the Study The respondents of this study are registered tricycle drivers operating
within Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato. They were chosen as the primary source of data, as
they are directly involved in and significantly contribute to local traffic flow. These individuals
provide firsthand insights into the socio-economic and demographic factors influencing their
decision to pursue tricycle driving as a livelihood.

Additionally, to assess the broader impact of tricycle-related congestion, a subset of other road
users was also included, such as pedestrians, commuters, local residents, and business owners.
Their responses were gathered using a structured Likert-scale questionnaire to capture their
perception of traffic congestion, especially in relation to the increasing number of tricycles.

The total number of respondents was determined using Slovin’s formula with a 5% margin of
error, based on the population of registered tricycle drivers provided by the local government
unit (LGU). A stratified random sampling technique was employed to ensure representation
across various age groups, income levels, and educational backgrounds.

Let me know if you'd like this translated into Tagalog-English (Taglish) or need a sampling table
or Slovin's formula calculation example. G ka?

You said: research instrument of the study ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's a formal and complete
write-up for your “Research Instrument of the Study” section, based on your study about
tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan:

Research Instrument of the Study The primary research instruments used in this study are
structured survey questionnaires and a Likert-scale perception survey. These tools were designed
to gather both quantitative data and perception-based responses relevant to the socio-economic
and demographic factors influencing tricycle drivers, and the perceived impact of their
operations on traffic congestion.
 1. Structured Survey Questionnaire This instrument was administered to tricycle drivers and
was composed of three parts:

Part I: Demographic Profile Includes questions on age, gender, marital status, educational
attainment, and household size.

Part II: Socioeconomic Status Includes questions on monthly income from tricycle driving, total
household income, financial dependency, previous occupation, and type of housing.

Part III: Decision to Pursue Tricycle Driving Includes questions about the reasons for choosing
tricycle driving, duration of driving experience, and awareness of its impact on traffic flow.

2. Likert-Scale Survey on Traffic Congestion Perception A separate questionnaire was used

for other road users (e.g., pedestrians, commuters, residents). This instrument contains
statements rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1 – Strongly Disagree to 4 – Strongly Agree)
to assess:

Perceived severity of traffic congestion in Poblacion

Awareness of tricycle volume and road behavior

Perceived impact on travel time, comfort, and safety

3. Pre-Testing and Validation Before full implementation, the instruments were pre-tested
with a small sample group to ensure clarity, relevance, and reliability. Revisions were
made based on feedback to eliminate ambiguous or redundant questions.
4. Reliability Testing The internal consistency of the Likert-scale items was tested using
Cronbach’s Alpha to ensure the reliability of the perception data.

Let me know if you'd like help writing the actual survey questions or generating a sample
reliability test table (like Cronbach’s alpha). G?

You said: in paragraph ChatGPT said: Certainly! Here's the "Research Instrument of the Study"
section in paragraph form:

Research Instrument of the Study The primary research instruments used in this study are a
structured survey questionnaire and a Likert-scale perception survey. These instruments were
developed to gather both quantitative and perception-based data relevant to the study of socio-
economic and demographic factors influencing tricycle drivers and their impact on traffic
congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan.

The structured survey questionnaire is composed of three sections. The first section gathers
demographic information about the tricycle drivers, including questions on age, gender, marital
status, educational attainment, and household size. The second section focuses on the socio-
economic status of the drivers, asking about their monthly income from tricycle driving, total
household income, financial dependency, previous occupations, and type of housing. The third
section explores the decision to pursue tricycle driving, including questions about the drivers'
reasons for choosing this livelihood, their years of experience, and their awareness of the impact
of their operations on local traffic.

In addition, a Likert-scale perception survey was administered to a subset of other road users,
including pedestrians, commuters, and local residents. This survey assesses their perceptions of
the severity and impact of tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion. Respondents were
asked to rate statements on a 4-point Likert scale (ranging from 1 – Strongly Disagree to 4 –
Strongly Agree), regarding the perceived congestion, the impact of tricycles on travel time,
comfort, and safety, and their awareness of tricycle volumes on local roads.

Before the full administration of the instruments, a pre-test was conducted with a small sample to
ensure clarity and relevance. The instruments were revised based on feedback to eliminate any
ambiguous or redundant questions. The reliability of the Likert-scale items was also tested using
Cronbach’s Alpha to ensure the internal consistency of the perception data.

Let me know if you'd like further adjustments or if you'd like me to assist with any other sections
of your research!

You said: search for a study with related questionnaires used ChatGPT said: In developing the
research instruments for your study on tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan,
it's beneficial to reference methodologies from existing studies that have examined similar
topics. Below are examples of studies with related questionnaires:

Economic Profile of Tricycle Drivers: A study utilized a questionnaire to gather demographic

data such as age, years of experience, and educational attainment of tricycle drivers. This
information aids in constructing a demographic profile and understanding the education level
within the profession. Startquestion

Pedestrians' Perceptions of Traffic Variables: Research in Stockholm employed the Active

Commuting Route Environment Scale (ACRES), a self-report tool assessing pedestrians'
perceptions of their commuting route environments. The ACRES uses 15-point response scales
to evaluate factors like noise, vehicle speed, and overall safety. PMC +1 PMC +1 PMC

Perceptions of Traffic Congestion Among Car Drivers: A study in Karachi collected data
through questionnaires focusing on traffic congestion issues, causes, and effects as perceived by
car drivers and owners. The feedback highlighted factors such as satisfaction with infrastructure
developments and concerns over socio-political events affecting traffic flow. ResearchGate +1
Academia +1

Determinants and Barriers of Saving Habits Among Tricycle Operators: In Nueva Vizcaya, a
study administered questionnaires to members of the Tricycle Operator and Drivers Association
(TODA). The survey included sections on demographic information, income sources, saving
habits, financial literacy, access to financial services, and perceived barriers to saving. Scimatic
Perceptions About Traffic Congestion Effects: A study conducted in Hyderabad employed a
questionnaire survey to assess people's attitudes toward public transport services and their
perceptions of traffic congestion effects. The poll addressed travel accessibility issues and the
impact of infrastructure on pedestrian accessibility. ResearchGate

These studies provide valuable insights into the types of questions and scales used to assess
demographic profiles, socio-economic status, and perceptions of traffic-related issues. Adapting
and tailoring these instruments to fit the context of Poblacion, Kabacan, can enhance the
relevance and effectiveness of your research.

Sources You said: data collection procedure of the study ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's a structured
and formal Data Collection Procedure for your study on tricycle-related traffic congestion in
Poblacion, Kabacan, focusing on tricycle drivers and other road users’ perceptions:

Data Collection Procedure The data collection for this study will be conducted in three phases:
preparation, actual data collection, and post-data collection.

1. Preparation Phase Instrument Development: A structured survey questionnaire and a

Likert-scale perception survey will be developed based on the study’s objectives. These
instruments will be reviewed and pre-tested with a small sample group of tricycle drivers
and road users to ensure clarity, reliability, and validity.

Sampling Design: The study will use stratified random sampling to select respondents. The target
population for tricycle drivers will be drawn from the list of registered drivers provided by the
local government unit (LGU) of Poblacion, Kabacan. A random sample will be chosen from
different demographic groups (age, education, income, etc.) to ensure comprehensive data.
Additionally, a subsample of road users (pedestrians, commuters, local residents) will be
surveyed using a Likert-scale instrument.

Ethical Considerations: Ethical approval will be sought from the appropriate ethics committee,
and informed consent will be obtained from all participants. They will be assured that their
responses will remain confidential and will be used solely for academic purposes.

2. Data Collection Phase Survey Administration: The surveys will be administered face-to-
face to ensure proper guidance and clarification of questions.

Tricycle Drivers: Interviews will be conducted with registered tricycle drivers in Poblacion,
Kabacan. The survey will take approximately 15–20 minutes to complete.

Other Road Users: The Likert-scale survey will be distributed to pedestrians, commuters, and
local residents at selected busy intersections and transport hubs. This survey will also take
approximately 10–15 minutes to complete.

Data Collection Team: A trained research team will administer the questionnaires, ensuring that
all respondents understand the questions and provide accurate answers. The team will be briefed
on ethical research conduct and proper data handling.
Response Rate: Efforts will be made to maximize the response rate by providing reminders and
ensuring respondents feel comfortable and informed. A minimum of 200 respondents (150
tricycle drivers and 50 other road users) will be targeted for the study.

3. Post-Data Collection Phase Data Verification and Cleaning: Upon completion of data
collection, the collected data will be reviewed for completeness and checked for
inconsistencies. Any missing or invalid responses will be flagged, and follow-up
interviews will be conducted as necessary to complete missing data.

Data Entry and Analysis: The cleaned data will be entered into a statistical software package
(e.g., SPSS, Excel) for analysis. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means) will be
used to summarize the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents.
Correlational and regression analysis will be conducted to examine the relationships between the
independent variables and the decision to pursue tricycle driving, as well as the impact of
tricycles on traffic congestion.

This Data Collection Procedure ensures a systematic approach to gathering reliable data while
maintaining high ethical standards.

Let me know if you need help with the survey administration guide or data entry templates!

You said: in paragrapgh ChatGPT said: Certainly! Here's the Data Collection Procedure written
in paragraph form for your study on tricycle-related traffic congestion in Poblacion, Kabacan:

Data Collection Procedure The data collection for this study will be conducted in three phases:
preparation, actual data collection, and post-data collection. In the preparation phase, the
research instruments, which include a structured survey questionnaire and a Likert-scale
perception survey, will be developed to align with the study’s objectives. These instruments will
then be pre-tested with a small sample of tricycle drivers and road users to ensure clarity,
relevance, and reliability. The respondents will be selected using stratified random sampling,
ensuring a representative sample of tricycle drivers from different demographic groups (e.g., age,
income, education level) based on the list of registered drivers provided by the local government
unit (LGU) of Poblacion, Kabacan. Additionally, a subgroup of road users such as pedestrians,
commuters, and local residents will be surveyed using the Likert-scale perception tool. Ethical
approval will be obtained before data collection, and informed consent will be secured from all
participants to ensure confidentiality and voluntary participation.

In the data collection phase, the surveys will be administered face-to-face by a trained research
team to ensure that the respondents understand the questions and provide accurate responses. The
structured survey for tricycle drivers will take approximately 15–20 minutes, while the Likert-
scale perception survey for road users will take around 10–15 minutes. The research team will
ensure that the participants feel comfortable and informed throughout the process. A target of
200 respondents (150 tricycle drivers and 50 road users) will be approached to complete the
surveys. Efforts will be made to maximize the response rate, and any missing data or incomplete
responses will be followed up with further interviews if necessary.
In the post-data collection phase, the gathered data will be reviewed for completeness and
consistency. Incomplete or invalid responses will be flagged, and any discrepancies will be
resolved through follow-up interviews. The cleaned data will then be entered into statistical
software such as SPSS or Excel for analysis. Descriptive statistics will be used to summarize the
demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, while correlational and
regression analyses will be conducted to explore the relationships between socio-economic
factors and the decision to pursue tricycle driving, as well as the perceived impact of tricycles on
traffic congestion.

Let me know if you need further revisions or additional sections for your paper!

You said: sampling procedure ChatGPT said: Sure! Here's the Sampling Procedure for your
study written in paragraph form:

Sampling Procedure The sampling procedure for this study will involve a stratified random
sampling technique, which ensures that the sample is representative of the various subgroups
within the population of tricycle drivers and other road users in Poblacion, Kabacan, North
Cotabato. The target population for the study consists of registered tricycle drivers operating in
Poblacion, Kabacan. The local government unit (LGU) of Kabacan will provide a list of
registered tricycle drivers, which will serve as the sampling frame. A stratified random sampling
method will be used to ensure representation from different demographic groups based on factors
such as age, gender, income, and educational background. This approach allows the research to
capture a diverse range of experiences and socioeconomic conditions that might influence the
decision to pursue tricycle driving.

For the road user sample, a subset of pedestrians, commuters, and local residents will also be
surveyed to assess the broader impact of tricycle-related traffic congestion. These respondents
will be selected using convenience sampling from high-traffic areas, such as busy intersections,
transport hubs, and local markets, ensuring that the sample reflects a variety of individuals who
experience traffic congestion in different ways.

The total sample size for the study will be 200 respondents, consisting of 150 tricycle drivers and
50 road users. This sample size is determined using Slovin's formula with a 5% margin of error,
based on the total population of registered tricycle drivers in the area. The selected respondents
will be approached in person and asked to participate in the study after being briefed on the
study's objectives and the voluntary nature of participation.

Let me know if you need any adjustments to this section or want me to help with the calculation
of sample size using Slovin's formula!

You said: scope and the limititation of the study ChatGPT said: Here’s the Scope and Limitation
section for your study, written in paragraph form:

Scope and Limitations of the Study This study aims to analyze the socio-economic and
demographic factors influencing the decision of individuals to become tricycle drivers in
Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato, and to assess the impact of tricycle-related traffic
congestion in the area. The study will focus primarily on the registered tricycle drivers operating
in Poblacion, Kabacan, and will also include other road users such as pedestrians, commuters,
and local residents, to gather insights on the broader effects of traffic congestion. The research
will explore factors such as income, age, educational background, household size, and financial
dependency, which may influence the decision to pursue tricycle driving. The study will also
investigate the perceived impact of traffic congestion from the perspective of road users, using a
Likert-scale survey to measure their perceptions of the severity, causes, and effects of congestion
caused by tricycles.

The scope of the study is limited to Poblacion, Kabacan, and does not include other
municipalities or cities in North Cotabato. Furthermore, the study will focus only on registered
tricycle drivers; thus, unregistered or informal tricycle drivers will not be included in the sample.
The study will also only consider perceptions of traffic congestion and will not directly measure
traffic flow or vehicular count. Additionally, while the study collects data from other road users,
the findings may not be representative of all road users in Kabacan, as the sample will be limited
to those who can be accessed in high-traffic areas such as intersections and transport hubs.

The study's limitations include the potential for sampling bias due to the reliance on convenience
sampling for road users, which may not fully capture the diversity of perspectives in the
population. Additionally, the self-reported nature of the surveys may lead to response biases, as
respondents may overstate or understate certain behaviors or perceptions. Another limitation is
the cross-sectional design of the study, which captures data at a single point in time and may not
account for seasonal or long-term variations in traffic patterns and congestion.

Let me know if you’d like to further refine this section or if you'd like to add any specific details!

You said: rephrase the scope and limitation so that it may not be biased ChatGPT said: Certainly!
Here's a rephrased version of the Scope and Limitations section, written to ensure neutrality and
avoid bias:

Scope and Limitations of the Study This study aims to examine the socio-economic and
demographic factors that influence individuals in Poblacion, Kabacan, North Cotabato to pursue
tricycle driving as a livelihood, and to assess the impact of tricycles on traffic congestion in the
area. The primary focus will be on registered tricycle drivers, but the study will also include
feedback from pedestrians, commuters, and local residents to understand the broader impact of
tricycle-related traffic congestion. The study will explore various factors such as income, age,
education, household size, and financial dependency, which may shape individuals' decision to
become tricycle drivers. Additionally, the research will assess the perceptions of road users
regarding the effects of traffic congestion caused by tricycles, using a Likert-scale survey to
gather data on their views about the severity, causes, and consequences of congestion.

The scope of the study is geographically limited to Poblacion, Kabacan, and does not include
other areas or municipalities in North Cotabato. Only registered tricycle drivers will be included
in the sample; unregistered or informal tricycle drivers will not be surveyed. In addition, the
study will focus on perceptions of traffic congestion as experienced by road users, rather than
directly measuring traffic flow or counting vehicles. The study will also gather insights from
road users in high-traffic areas such as intersections and transport hubs, but it does not aim to
represent the views of all road users in Kabacan.

The limitations of this study include the use of convenience sampling for road users, which may
not fully capture the diversity of experiences and opinions from all individuals in the area. Since
the data is based on self-reported responses, there is a possibility of response bias, where
respondents may unintentionally provide answers that reflect their personal preferences or
perceptions. Furthermore, the study uses a cross-sectional design, which captures data at a
specific point in time and may not account for variations in traffic congestion patterns over
longer periods or during different seasons.

This version keeps the language neutral, emphasizing that limitations are inherent in the study's
design and methodology, without implying any bias or shortcomings of the respondents. Let me
know if you need further adjustments!

You said: put confidentiality clause to the questionnaire ChatGPT said: Certainly! Here's a
Confidentiality Clause that you can include at the beginning of your questionnaire to assure
respondents that their responses will be kept confidential:

Confidentiality Clause The information provided in this questionnaire will be kept strictly
confidential and will be used only for academic purposes related to this study. Your participation
is entirely voluntary, and you may choose to withdraw from the survey at any time without any
consequences. The responses you provide will be anonymized, ensuring that no personal
information or identifiable details will be linked to your responses. The data collected will only
be accessed by the research team and will be stored securely for the duration of the study. By
completing this questionnaire, you consent to participating in this study under these terms.

This clause reassures respondents that their data will not be misused and encourages
transparency. You can place this at the beginning of your questionnaire, before the first question.
Let me know if you'd like any changes or additions to this!

You said: sample questionnaire with confidentiality clause ChatGPT said: Certainly! Below is a
sample questionnaire that includes the Confidentiality Clause at the beginning, followed by a set
of relevant questions based on your study's focus on tricycle drivers and road users in Poblacion,
Kabacan.

Sample Questionnaire Confidentiality Clause The information provided in this questionnaire will
be kept strictly confidential and will be used only for academic purposes related to this study.
Your participation is entirely voluntary, and you may choose to withdraw from the survey at any
time without any consequences. The responses you provide will be anonymized, ensuring that no
personal information or identifiable details will be linked to your responses. The data collected
will only be accessed by the research team and will be stored securely for the duration of the
study. By completing this questionnaire, you consent to participating in this study under these
terms.

Section A: Demographic Information Age: How old are you? (Please specify)
Gender: What is your gender? • [ ] Male • [ ] Female • [ ] Prefer not to say

Marital Status: What is your current marital status? • [ ] Single • [ ] Married • [ ] Widowed • [ ]
Separated

Educational Background: What is the highest level of education you have completed? • [ ] No
formal education • [ ] Elementary • [ ] High School • [ ] College • [ ] Postgraduate

Household Size: How many people live in your household?

Section B: Socioeconomic Information Monthly Income from Tricycle Driving: How much do
you earn per month from driving a tricycle? • [ ] Below ₱5,000 • [ ] ₱5,001 – ₱8,000 • [ ] ₱8,001
– ₱10,000 • [ ] ₱10,001 – ₱12,000 • [ ] Above ₱12,000

Total Household Income: What is the total income of your household in a month? • [ ] Below
₱10,000 • [ ] ₱10,001 – ₱15,000 • [ ] ₱15,001 – ₱20,000 • [ ] ₱20,001 – ₱25,000 • [ ] Above
₱25,000

Financial Dependency on Tricycle Driving: Is tricycle driving your main source of income? • [ ]
Yes • [ ] No If no, please specify your other source(s) of income:

Section C: Traffic Congestion Perception (For Road Users) Perceived Impact of Tricycles on
Traffic Congestion: To what extent do you agree with the following statement: "Tricycles are a
major cause of traffic congestion in Poblacion?" • [ ] Strongly Agree • [ ] Agree • [ ] Disagree •
[ ] Strongly Disagree

Effect of Tricycle Congestion on Travel Time: To what extent do you agree with the following
statement: "Tricycle-related traffic congestion increases my travel time?" • [ ] Strongly Agree •
[ ] Agree • [ ] Disagree • [ ] Strongly Disagree

Effect on Safety: Do you feel that tricycle congestion affects your safety as a pedestrian or
commuter? • [ ] Yes • [ ] No If yes, please explain:

Section D: Decision to Pursue Tricycle Driving (For Tricycle Drivers) Reasons for Becoming a
Tricycle Driver: Why did you choose to become a tricycle driver? (You may select more than
one reason) • [ ] Lack of alternative employment • [ ] Flexibility of working hours • [ ] Higher
earning potential • [ ] Family tradition • [ ] Others (please specify): _______________

Years of Experience in Tricycle Driving: How long have you been driving a tricycle?
_______________ years

Awareness of Congestion Impact: Are you aware that the number of tricycles operating in
Poblacion contributes to traffic congestion? • [ ] Yes • [ ] No

Thank you for your participation! Your responses will contribute significantly to understanding
the socio-economic dynamics and traffic congestion issues in Poblacion, Kabacan.
Let me know if you would like further modifications or if you want this survey template in Word
format!