CIRCLES

1. The set of points in a plane which are at a constant distance ‘r’ ( 0) from a given point C is called
a circle. The fixed point C is called the centre and the constant distance r is called the radius of the
circle.
2. A circle is said to be a unit circle if its radius is
1 unit.
3. A circle is said to be a point circle if its radius is zero. A point circle contains only one point, the
centre of the circle.
4. The equation of the circle with centre C (a, b) and radius ‘r’ is (x - a)2 + (y – b)2 = r2.
5. The equation of a circle simplest form is of the form x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. The equation of a
circle with centre origin and radius ‘r’ is x2 + y2 = r2.
6. If g2 + f2 – c  0 then the equation x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle with centre (–g,
–f) and radius .
7. The conditions that the equation ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represent a circle are (i) a =
b; (ii) h = 0; (iii) g2 + f2 – ac  0.
8. If ax2 + ay2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a circle, then its centre = (–g/a, –f/a) and its radius =
g2 + f 2 − ac / | a | .
9. We use the following notation in circles.
S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
S1  xx1 + yy1 + g(x + x1) + f(y + y1) + c
S(x1, y1) = S11  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
1 1 1 1

S12  x1x2 + y1y2 + g(x1 + x2) + f(y1 + y2) + c

10. Let S = 0 be a circle and P(x1, y1) be a point. Then
i) P lies inside the circle S = 0  S11 < 0
ii) P lies on the circle S = 0  S11 = 0
iii) P lies outside the circle S = 0  S11> 0
11. The power of a point P(x, y) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S11.
12. Let S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius ‘r’. Let P be a point. Then CP2 - r2 is called power of
P with respect to the circle S = 0.
13. Let S = 0 be a circle and P be a point. Then
i) P lies inside the circle S = 0  S11 < 0
ii) P lies in the circle S = 0  s11 = 0
iii) P lies outside the circle S = 0  S11 > 0
14. The equation of a circle having the line segment joining A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) as diameter is
(x – x1)(x – x2) + (y – y1)(y – y2) = 0.
15. Two circles are said to be concentric if their centres are the same.
16. The equation of a circle concentric with the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is of the form x2 +
y2 + 2gx + 2fy + k = 0, where k is a constant.
17. Given 3 points A, B, and C then
i) only one circle passes through A, B, and C iff A, B, C are non collinear.
ii) A circle through A, B, C is impossible iff A, B, C are collinear
18. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle formed by the line ax + by + c = 0 with the
coordinate axes is ab(x2 + y2) + c(bx + ay) = 0.
 Circles
The general form of equation of the circle circumscribing the triangle formed by the lines a1x + b1y
+ c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 is a(a1x + b1y + c1)(a2x + b2y + c2) + b(a2x + b2y +
c2)(a3x + b3y + c3) + c(a3x + b3y + c3) (a1x + b1y + c1) = 0.
If two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 meet the coordinate axes in four distinct points
then those points are concyclic  a1a2 = b1b2.
19. If the lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0, a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 meet the coordinate axes in four distinct concyclic
points, then the equation of the circle passing through these concyclic points is (a 1x + b1y + c1)(a2x
+ b2y + c2) – (a1b2 + a2b1)xy = 0.
20. The equation of the chord joining the two points A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) in the circle S = 0 is S1+S2 =
S12.
21. The equation of the tangent to the circle S = 0 at P(x1, y1) is S1 = 0.
22. The equation of the normal to the circle S  x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 at P(x1, y1) is (y1 + f)(x –
x1) – (x1 + g)(y – y1) = 0.
23. The normal to the circle S = 0 at P(x1, y1) passes through the centre (–g, –f) of the circle.
24. The equation of the normal to the circle x2 +y2 = r2 at P(x1, y1) is y1x – x1y = 0.
25. Let L = 0 be a straight line and S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius ‘r’. Let d be the
perpendicular distance from C to the line L = 0. Then
i) L = 0 touches the circle S = 0  r = d.
ii) L = 0 intersects the circle S = 0  r > d. Let
L = 0 be a line and S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius ‘r’. Let d be the perpendicular
distance from C to the line L = 0. If r > d then
L=0 is a chord of the circle S = 0. The length of the chord = 2 . If r < d then L = 0 do not
intersect the circle S = 0.
iii) L = 0 does not touch or intersect the circle
S = 0  r < d.
26. The condition for the circle x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 to touch the coordinate axes is g2 = f2 = c.
27. The condition for the straight line y = mx + c to touch the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is c2 = r2(1 + m2).
28. The condition for the x-axis to touch the circle x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (c > 0) is g2 = c.
29. The condition for the y-axis to touch the circle x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c = 0 (c > 0) is f2 = c.
30. The condition for the straight line lx + my + n = 0 may be a tangent to the circle x 2 + y2 + 2gx +
2fy + c = 0 is (g2 + f2 – c)(l2 +m2) = (lg + mg – n)2.
31. If the straight line y = mx + c touches the circle x2 + y2 = r2, then their point of contact is
 r 2m r 2 
 − , .
c c 
 
32. The equation of a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 may be taken as y = mx ± r 1 + m2 .
The condition that the straight line lx2 + my + n = 0 may touch the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is n2 = r2 (l2
2 −r l −r m
2

+m ) and the point of contact is  , .

 n n 

33. Let S = 0 be a circle with centre (a, b) and radius ‘r’. Then
i) S = 0 touches x-axis  r = |b|
ii) S = 0 touches y-axis  r = |a|
iii) S = 0 touches both the axes  r = || = ||
34. If the tangent drawn from an external point P to a circle S = 0 touches the circle at A then PA is
called length of tangent from P to the circle S=0.

2
 Circles
35. The length of the tangent drawn from an external point P(x1, y1) to the circle S =0 is .
36. The length of the intercept made by the circle
S  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 on (i) x-axis is 2 (ii) y-axis is 2 .
37. If a line passing through a point P(x1, y1) intersects the circle S = 0 at the points A and B then
PAPB = S11.
38. If A, B, C, D are four points of which no three are collinear such that PAPC = PB PD for some
point P then the point D lies on the circle passing through A, B, C (ie., A, B, C, D are concyclic).
39. Two tangents can be drawn to a circle from an external point.
40. The line joining the points of contact of the tangents to a circle S = 0 drawn from an external point
P is called chord of contact of P with respect to S = 0.
41. The equation to the chord of contact of P(x1, y1) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S1 = 0.
42. The locus of the point of intersection of the tangents to the circle S = 0 drawn at the extremities of
the chord passing through a point P is a straight line L = 0, called the polar of P with respect to the
circle S = 0. The point P is called the pole of the line L = 0 with respect to the circle S=0.
43. The equation of the polar of the point P(x1, y1) with respect to the circle S = 0 is S1 = 0.
44. If P lies outside the circle S = 0 then the polar of P meets the circle in two points and the polar
becomes the chord of contact of P.
45. If P lies on the circle S = 0 then the polar of P becomes the tangent at P to the circle S = 0.
46. If P lies inside the circle S = 0, then the polar of P does not meet the circle in any point.
47. If P is the centre of the circle S = 0, then the polar of P with respect to S = 0 does not exist.
48. The pole of the line lx + my + n = 0 (n  0) with respect to x2 + y2 = r2 is  − r 2l , − r m  .
2

 n n 
 
49. Two points P and Q are said to be conjugate points with respect to the circle S = 0 if the polar of P
with respect to S = 0 passes through Q.
50. The condition for the points P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2) to be conjugate with respect to the circle S = 0 is
S12 = 0.
51. Two lines L1 = 0, L2 = 0 are said to be conjugate with respect to the circle S = 0 if the pole of L1 =
0 lies on L2 = 0.
52. The condition for the lines l1x + m1y + n1 = 0 and l2x + m2y + n2 = 0 to be conjugate with respect
to the circle x2 + y2 = r2 (l1 l2 + m1m2) = n1n2.
53. Let S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius r. Two points P, Q are said to be inverse points with
respect to S = 0 if i) C,P, Q are collinear (ii) P, Q lies on the same side of C (iii) CP . CQ = r 2.
54. If P, Q are a pair of inverse points with respect to a circle S = 0 then Q is called inverse point of P.
55. Let S = 0 be a circle with centre C and radius ‘r’. The polar of a point P with respect to the circle
S = 0 meets CP in Q iff P, Q are inverse points with respect to S = 0.
56. If P, Q are inverse points with respect to S = 0 then P, Q are conjugate points with respect to S = 0.
57. If P, Q are inverse points with respect to S = 0 then Q is the foot of the perpendicular from P on the
polar of P with respect S = 0.
58. The polar of a point P with respect to a circle with centre C is a perpendicular to CP .
59. The equation of the chord of the circle S = 0 having as its midpoint is S1 = S11.
60. The equation to the pair of tangents to the circle
S = 0 from P(x1, y1) is S12 = S11S .
61. If P(x, y) is a point on the circle with centre C(, ) and radius r, then x =  + r cos, y =  + rsin
where 0   < 2.

3
 Circles
62. The equations x =  + rcos, y =  + rsin, 0   < 2 are called parametric equations of the
circle with centre (, ) and radius r.
63. A point on the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is taken in the form (r cos , r sin ). The point (r cos , r sin ) is
simply denoted as point .
 The equation of the chord joining two points 1 and 2 on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is
 +  +  −
(x + g) cos 1 2 + (y + f )sin 1 2 = r cos 1 2 ,where r is radius of circle.
2 2 2
 The equation of the tangent at P() on the circle
x2 + y2+2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is (x + g)cos + (y + f)sin = .
 The equation of the tangent at P() on the circle
x2 + y2 = r2 is x cos  + y sin  = r.
 The equation of the normal at P() on the circle
x2 + y2 = r2 is x sin  – y cos  = 0.
 If (x1, y1) is one end of a diameter of the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, then the other end is
(–2g –x1, –2f – y1).
69. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent at (x1, y1) on the circle x2 +y2 = a2 with the
a4
coordinate axes is .
2 | x1y1 |
70. If lx + my = 1 touches the circle x2 +y2 = a2 then
l2 + m2 = a–2.
71. The pole of the line lx + my + n = 0 with respect to the circle (x–)2 + (y– )2 = r2 is

 − r l , − r m  where N = l  + m + n.
2 2

 N N 

72. If A and B are conjugate points with respect to a circle S = 0 and l1, l2 are the lengths of tangents
from A, B to S = 0, then AB2 = l 12 + l 22 .
73. The middle point of the chord intercepted on the line lx + my + n = 0 by the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is
 − ln − mn 

,

.
 l 2 + m2 l 2 + m2 
74. The length of the intercept cut of from the line

ax + by + c = 0 by the circle x2 + y2 = r2 is 2   .
 

75. If (x1, y1) is the midpoint of the chord AB of the circle S = 0 then length of AB is 2 .
76. If (x1, y1) is the midpoint of the chord AB of the circle S = 0 and the tangents at A, B meet at C
(−S11 )3 / 2
then the area of ABC is where r is the radius of the circle.

77. The locus of midpoint of the chord of a circle S = 0, parallel to L = 0 is the diameter of S = 0 and
which is perpendicular to L = 0.
78. If  is the angle between the pair of tangents drawn from (x1, y1) to the circle S = 0 of radius r then
 r
tan = .
2

4
 Circles
79. If l1x + m1y + n1 = 0 , l2x+ m2y + n2 = 0 are conjugate lines w.r.t tue circle x2 +y2+2gx+2fy+c =0
then, (l1 l2 + m1m2) (g2 + f 2 – c) = (g l1 + fm1 – n1)
(g l2 + fm2 – n2)
80. The length and the midpoint of the chord lx + my + n = 0 (n  0) w.r.t the circle x2 + y2 = a2 is
2 a (ℓ + m )− n ,  ℓ2 −+ℓnm2 , ℓ2−+mn
2 2 2 2  
m2 .
 
81. The condition that the pair of tangents drawn from the origin to the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy +c=
0 may be at right angles is g2 + f2 = 2c.
82. EQ of the circle passing through (a, b), (a, a) and (b, a) is x2 + y2 – x(a +b) – y(a +b) + 2ab =0.
83. If two lines a1x + b1y + c1=0 and a2x + b2y + c2 =0 meet the coordinate axes in four distinct points
then those points are concylic if a1a2 = b1b2 and its centre is
 sum of x − int ercepts sum of y − int ercepts 
 , .
 2 2 
2 2
84. A square is inscribed in the circle x + y + 2gx + 2fy + c= 0 with its sides parallel to the axes of
 r r 
coordinates. The coordinates of the vertices are − g  ,−f   and its side a = 2 r.
 2 2
85. An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the circle
x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 then
3 3
i) the area of circle = (g2 + f2 – c)
4
ii) side a = 3 r
86. The farthest distance of an external point p(x1.y1) to the circle x2 +y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 is cp + r.
87. The farthest point on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c= 0 form an external point P(x1, y1) is B
which divides centre c and p in the ratio r : cp + r externally.
88. The nearest point on the circle x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 from an external point p(x1, y1) is A
which divides centre c and p in the ratio r : cp – r internally.
89. The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to s  x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c=
0 is s – r2 = 0.
1 | gx1 + fy1 + c |2
90. Area of the triangle formed by tangent at (x , y ) to s = 0 with coordinate axes is .
1 1
2 | x + g || y + f |
1 1

91. Tangents from a point are drawn one to each concentric circle s1= 0 and s2=0. If the tangents are
perpendicular then the locus of the points is
(x + g)2 + (y + f)2 = r 2 + r 2.
1 2
92. For any point on the circle x2 + y2 = a2 tangents are drawn to the circle x2 + y2 = b2 (a > b) then the
angle between the tangents is 2 sin–1(b/a).
93. The area of the Quadrilateral formed by the two tangents through P(x1, y1) to the circle and centre
is r .
94. The angle subtended by the midpoint of chord at the centre of the circle is  = 2cos–1(d/r).
95. The locus of the mid points of chords of the circle s = 0 makes an angle 90° at the centre of the
circle is (x + g)2 + (y +f)2 = r2/2

5
 CIRCLES
OBJECTIVES

1. If a circle passes through the point (0, 0), (a, 0), (0, b), then its centre is
(a) (a, b) (b) (b, a)
(c)  a , b  (d)  b , − a 
 


 2 2 2 2

2. If one end of a diameter of the x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y + 11 = 0 be (3, 4), then the other end is
circle (a) (0, 0) (b) (1, 1)
(c) (1, 2) (d) (2, 1)
3. The equation of the circle passing through the origin and cutting intercepts of length 3
and 4 units from the positive axes, is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 8 y + 1 = 0
(b) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y =0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 4 y =0

(d) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x − 4 y = 0
4. If the vertices of a triangle be (2, − 2) , (−1, − 1) and (5, 2), then the equation of its
circumcircle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 3y + 8 = 0

(b) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x − 3y − 8 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x + 3y + 8 = 0
(d) None of these
5. The equation of the circle having centre (1, − 2) and passing through the point of
intersection of lines 3 x + y = 14 , 2 x + 5 y = 18 is

(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 20 = 0

(b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y − 20 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y − 20 = 0

(d) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4 y − 20 = 0
6. For all values of  , the locus of the point of intersection of the lines x cos  + y sin  = a and
x sin  − y cos  = b is

(a) An ellipse (b) Acircle

(c) A parabola (d) A hyperbola
7. The lines 2 x − 3y = 5 and 3x−4y=7 are the diameters of a circle of area 154 square units.
The equation of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y = 62 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y = 47
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y = 47 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y = 62
8. The locus of the centre of the circle which cuts a chord of length 2a from the positive x-
axis and passes through a point on positive y-axis distant b from the origin is
(a) x 2 + 2by = b 2 + a 2 (b) x 2 − 2by = b 2 + a 2
(c) x 2 + 2by = a2 − b (d) x 2 − 2by = b 2 − a 2
2

9. The locus of the centre of the circle which cuts off intercepts of length 2a and 2b from x-
axis and y-axis respectively, is
(a) x +y =a +b (b) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + b 2
(c) x2−y2=a2−b2 (d) x 2 + y 2 = a 2 − b 2
10. A circle touches x-axis and cuts off a chord of length 2l from y-axis. The locus of the
centre of the circle is
(a) A straight line (b) Acircle
(c) An ellipse (d) Ahyperbola
11. A square is inscribed in the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y + 3 = 0 , whose sides are parallel to the
coordinate axes. One vertex of the square is
(a) (1 + 2 , − 2) (b) (1 − 2 , − 2)

(c) (1, − 2 + 2) (d) None ofthese

12. The equation of the circle whose radius is 5 and which touches the circle
x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y − 20 = 0 externally at the point (5, 5), is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 18 x − 16 y − 120 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 18 x − 16 y + 120 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 18 x + 16 y − 120 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 18 x − 16 y + 120 = 0

13. The circle represented by the equation x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 will be a point circle, if
(a) g 2 + f 2= c (b) g 2 + f 2  c
(c) g2+f2+c=0 (d) None of these
14. The number of circle having radius 5 and passing through the points (– 2, 0) and (4, 0) is
(a) One (b) Two
(c) Four (d) Infinite
15. The area of the circle whose centre is at (1, 2) and which passes through the point (4, 6)
is
(a) 5 (b) 10
(c) 25 (d) None of these
16. The equation of the circle which passes through the points (2, 3) and (4, 5) and the
centre lies on the straight line y − 4 x + 3 = 0 , is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 10 y + 25 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 10 y + 25 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 10 y + 16 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 14 y + 8 = 0

17. The equation of the circle touching x = 0, y = 0 and x = 4 is

(a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 4 y + 16 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 8 y + 16 = 0

(c) x2+y2+4x+4y+4=0 (d) x2+y 2−4x−4y+4=0

18. The equation of the circle passing through the points (0, 0), (0, b) and (a, b) is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + ax + by = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − ax + by = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + ax − by = 0

19. If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 touches x-axis, then

(a) g = f (b) g 2 =c

(c) f2=c (d) g 2 + f 2 =c

20. The equation ax 2 + by 2 + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 will represent a circle, if

(a) a = b =0 and c =0 (b) f =g and h=0

(c) a =b 0 and h=0 (d) f =g and c =0

21. A circle is concentric with the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12 y + 15 = 0 and has area double of its area.
The equation of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12 y − 15 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12 y + 15 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12y + 45 = 0 (d)None of these
22. The equation of the circle with centre at (1, –2) and passing through the centre of the
given circle x 2 + y 2 + 2y − 3 = 0 , is
(a) x 2 +y2−2x+4y+3= 0 (b) x 2 + y2 − 2x + 4y − 3 = 0
(c) x2+y2+2x−4y−3=0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y + 3 = 0
23. If the radius of the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 be r, then it will touch both the axes, if
(a) g = f= r (b) g = f = c = r
(c) g =f = c =r (d) g = f and c2=r

24. If the lines x+y=6 and x + 2y = 4 be diameters of the circle whose diameter is 20, then the
equation of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 16 x + 4 y − 32 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 4 y − 32 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 16 x + 4 y + 32 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 16 x − 4 y + 32 = 0
25. For the circle x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 3y = 0 , which of the following relations is true
(a) Centre lies on x-axis (b)Centre lies on y-axis
(c) Centre is at origin (d)Circle passes through origin

26. The equation of the circle passing through the point (2, 1) and touching y-axis at the
origin is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 5 x =0 (b) 2 x 2 + 2y 2 − 5 x = 0
(c) x2+y2+5x=0 (d) None of these
27. Equation of a circle whose centre is origin and radius is equal to the distance between
the lines x=1 and x = −1 is

(a) x 2 +y2 =1 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 2

(c) x2+y2=4 (d) x 2 + y 2 = −4

28. The centre and radius of the circle 2 x 2 + 2y 2 − x = 0 are

(a)  1 , 0  and 1
(b)  − 1 , 0 and 1
  
  
4  4  2  2
1  1  1 1
(c) ,0 and (d) 0, − and
  
  
2  2  4 4
29. The equation of the circle which touches both the axes and whose radius is a, is

(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2ay + a 2 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + ax + ay − a 2 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2ay − a 2 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − ax − ay + a 2 = 0
30. A circle which passes through origin and cuts intercepts on axes a and b, the equation of
circle is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + ax + by = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 − ax + by = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + ax − by = 0
31. The radius of a circle which touches y-axis at (0,3) and cuts intercept of 8 units with x-
axis, is
(a) 3 (b) 2
(c) 5 (d) 8
32. The equation of the circumcircle of the triangle formed by the lines y+ 3 x = 6, y − 3 x = 6,

and y = 0 , is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 4 y =0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 − 4 y = 12 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x = 12
33. If the lines l1 x + m1 y + n1 = 0 and l2 x + m 2 y + n2 = 0 cuts the axes at con-cyclic points, then
(a) l1 l2 = m1 m2 (b) l1 m1 = l2 m 2
(c) l1 l2 + m1 m 2 = 0 (d) l1 m 2 = l2 m1
34. The equation of a circle with centre (−4, 3) and touching the circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 , is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x − 6y + 9 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x + 6y − 11 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x + 6y − 9 = 0 (d)None of these
35. A line meets the coordinate axes in A and B. A circle is circumscribed about the triangle
OAB. If m and n are the distance of the tangents to the circle at the points A and B
respectively from the origin, the diameter of the circle is
(a) m (m +n) (b) m + n
(c) n(m + n) (d) 1 (m + n)
2
36. The equation to a circle whose centre lies at the point (–2, 1) and which touches the line
3 x − 2y − 6 = 0 at (4, 3), is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 2y − 35 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x + 2y + 35 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 2y + 35 = 0 (d)None of these
37. The equation of circle whose diameter is the line joining the points (–4, 3) and (12, –1) is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x + 2y + 51 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x − 2y − 51 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 8 x + 2y − 51 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 2y − 51 = 0

38. If (,  ) is the centre of a circle passing through the origin, then its equation is

(a) x 2 + y 2 − x − y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 2y = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0

39. The locus of the centre of a circle which touches externally the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 6 y + 14 = 0

and also touches the y-axis, is given by the equation

(a) x 2 − 6 x − 10 y + 14 =0 (b) x 2 − 10 x − 6 y + 14 = 0
(c) y 2 − 6 x − 10 y + 14 =0 (d) y 2 − 10 x − 6y + 14 = 0

40. Area of the circle in which a chord of length 2 makes an angle at the centre is
2


(a) (b) 2
2

(c)  (d) 
4

41. For ax 2 + 2hxy + 3y 2 + 4 x + 8 y − 6 = 0 to represent a circle, one must have

(a) a = 3, h = 0 (b) a = 1, h = 0
(c) a=h= 3 (d) a = h = 0
42. Circles are drawn through the point (2, 0) to cut intercept of length 5 units on the x-axis.
If their centres lie in the first quadrant, then their equation is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 9 x + 2 fy + 14 = 0 (b) 3 x 2 + 3y 2 + 27 x − 2 fy + 42 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 9 x + 2 fy + 14 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 fy − 9 y + 14 = 0

43. Equations to the circles which touch the lines 3 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 , 4 x + 3y − 7 = 0 and pass through
(2, 3) are
(a) (x − 2)2 + (y − 8)2 = 25 (b) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 − 12 x − 24 y + 31 = 0
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
 44. The equation of the circle in the first quadrant which touches each axis at a distance 5
from the origin is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 5 x + 5y + 25 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 25 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 − 5 x − 5 y + 25 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 + 10 x + 10 y + 25 = 0

45. The equation of circle whose centre lies on 3 x − y − 4 = 0 and x + 3 y + 2 = 0 and has an area 154
square units is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 47 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y + 47 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y − 47 = 0 (d) None of these

46. The equation of circle with centre (1, 2) and tangent x + y − 5 = 0 is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 4 y + 6 = 0 (b) x2+y 2−2x−4y+3=0

(c) x2+y2−2x+4y+8=0 (d) x2+y 2−2x−4y+8=0

47. The equation of the circle of radius 5 and touching the coordinate axes in third
quadrant is
(a) (x − 5)2 + (y + 5)2 = 25 (b) (x + 4)2 + (y + 4)2 = 25
(c) (x + 6)2 + (y + 6)2 = 25 (d) (x + 5)2 + (y + 5)2 = 25
48. If the lines 2 x + 3 y + 1 = 0 and 3 x − y − 4 = 0 lie along diameters of a circle of circumference 10 ,

then the equation of the circle is

(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x − 2y − 23 = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 2y − 23 = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 2y − 23 = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 23 = 0

49. For what value of k, the points (0, 0), (1, 3), (2, 4) and (k, 3) are con-cyclic
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 4 (d) 5
50. If g 2 + f 2 = c , then the equation x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 will represent
(a) A circle of radius g (b)A circle of radius f
(c) A circle of diameter c (d) A circle of radius 0

51. A variable circle passes through the fixed point (2,0) and touches the y-axis . Then the
locus of its centre is
(a) A circle (b) An Ellipse
(c) A hyperbola (d) A parabola
52. The length of intercept, the circle x 2 + y 2 + 10 x − 6y + 9 = 0 makes on the x-axis is
(a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 6 (d) 8

53. The centre of the circle x = 2 + 3 cos  , y = 3 sin  − 1 is

(a) (3, 3) (b) (2, − 1)

(c) (−2, 1) (d) (−1, 2)

54. The four distinct points (0, 0),(2, 0), (0, –2) and (k,–2)are con-cyclic, if k =

(a) –2 (b) 2
(c) 1 (d) 0
55. Let P(x1, y1 ) and Q(x2 , y2 ) are two points such that their abscissa x1 and x2 are the roots of
the equation x 2 + 2 x − 3 =0 while the ordinates y1 and y2 are the roots of the equation
y 2 + 4 y − 12 = 0 . The centre of the circle with PQ as diameter is
(a) (−1,−2) (b) (1, 2)

(c) (1,−2) (d) (−1,2)

56. If one end of the diameter is (1, 1) and other end lies on the line x+y=3, then locus of
centre of circle is
(a) x + y = 1 (b) 2(x − y) = 5 (c) 2 x + 2y = 5 (d) None of these

57. A circle is drawn to cut a chord of length 2a units along X-axis and to touch the Y-axis.
The locus of the centre of the circle is
(a) x 2 + y2 = a2 (b) x 2 − y 2 = a2

(c) x + y = a2 (d) x 2 − y 2 = 4 a2

(e) x 2 + y 2 = 4 a2
58. If the length of tangent drawn from the point (5, 3) to the circle (c) – 6 (d) 1
then k =
(a) 4 (b) – 4
x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + ky + 17 = 0 be 7,
59. If OA and OB be the tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 8 y + 21 = 0 drawn from the origin O,
then AB =
(a) 11 (b) 4 21
5

17
(c) (d) None ofthese
3

60. The equations of the tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 50 at the points where the line
x + 7 = 0 meets it, are
(a) 7 x  y + 50 = 0 (b) 7 x  y − 5 = 0
(c) y  7 x + 5 = 0 (d) y  7 x − 5 = 0
61. The line (x − a) cos  + (y − b) sin  = r will be a tangent to the circle (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = r 2
(a) If  = 30 o (b) If  = 60 o
(c) For all values of  (d) None of these
 1 1 
 ,
2 2
62. The equation of the normal to the circle x + y = 9 at the point  is
 
 2 2

(b) x − y = 2
(a) x + y = 0
3

(c) x−y=0 (d) None of these

63. The equations of the tangents drawn from the point (0, 1) to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y = 0 are

(a) 2x − y + 1 = 0, x + 2y − 2 = 0 (b) 2x − y + 1 = 0, x + 2y + 2 = 0

(c) 2x − y − 1 = 0, x + 2y − 2 = 0 (d) 2x − y − 1 = 0, x + 2y + 2 = 0

64. The equations of the tangents to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 36 which are inclined at an angle of
45 o to the x-axis are
(a) x+y =  6 (b) x=y3 2

(c) y = x 6 2 (d) None of these

65. The length of tangent from the point (5, 1) to the circle x2+y2+6x−4y−3=0, is
(a) 81 (b) 29
(c) 7 (d) 21
66. If the line lx + my = 1 be a tangent to the circle (c) A parabola (d) Anellipse
(a) A straight line (b) ACircle
x2+y2=a2, then the locus of the point (l, m) is
67. The equations of the normals to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 8 x − 2y + 12 = 0 at the points whose ordinate
is –1, will be
(a) 2x − y − 7 = 0, 2 x + y − 9 = 0 (b) 2x + y + 7 = 0, 2x + y + 9 =0

(c) 2x + y − 7 = 0, 2x + y + 9 = 0 (d) 2x − y + 7 = 0, 2 x − y + 9 = 0

68. If the line x = k touches the circle x2+y2=9, then the value of k is
(a) 2 but not – 2 (b) – 2 but not 2
(c) 3 (d) None ofthese
69. If the ratio of the lengths of tangents drawn from the point ( f, g) to the given circle
x 2 + y 2 = 6 and x 2 + y 2 + 3 x + 3y = 0 be 2 : 1, then
(a) f 2 + g2 + 2g + 2 f + 2 = 0 (b) f 2+g2+4g+4f+4=0

(c) f 2 + g2 + 4 g + 4 f + 2 = 0 (d) None of these

70. The line y = mx + c will be a normal to the circle with radius r and centre at (a, b), if
(a) a = mb + c (b) b = ma + c
(c) r = ma − b + c (d) r = ma − b
 ab 2 a2b 
2 a2b 2

2
71. The equation of the tangent at the point  ,2 of the circle x + y
a2 + b 2  = is
 a + a2 + b 2
x y
(a) + =1 (b) x + y + 1 = 0
a b a b
x y
(c) − =1 (d) x − y + 1 = 0
a b a b

72. Two tangents drawn from the origin to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 will be perpendicular
to each other, if
(a) g 2 + f 2 = 2c (b) g = f = c 2
(c) g+f=c (d) None of these
x y
73. The equation of circle which touches the axes of coordinates and the line + = 1 and
3 4

whose centre lies in the first quadrant is x 2 + y 2 − 2cx − 2cy + c2 = 0 , where c is

(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) 6
74. A tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = 5 at the point (1,–2) ..... the circle x 2 + y 2 − 8 x + 6y + 20 = 0

(a) Touches (b) Cuts at real points

(c) Cuts at imaginary points (d) None of these
75. Square of the length of the tangent drawn from the point (,  ) to the circle ax 2 + ay 2 = r2 is
− r2
(a) a 2 + a 2 − r2 (b)  2 +  2 a
2
(c)  2 +  2 + r (d)  2 +  2 − r2
a

76. The number of common tangents to the circles x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y − 12 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 6 x + 18 y + 26 = 0 is

(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
77. The area of triangle formed by the tangent, normal drawn at (1, 3 ) to the circle
x 2 + y 2 = 4 and positive x-axis, is
(a) 2 3 (b) 3

(c) 4 3 (d) None ofthese

78. Line y=x+a 2 is a tangent to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 at

(a)  a , a  (b) − a

,−
a 
 2 2  2 2


(c)  a
 ,− a  (d) − a
,
a 
 2 2  2 2

79. Length of the tangent from (x1, y1 ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 is

(a) (x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c) 1 / 2 (b) (x 2 + y 2 )1 / 2
1 1 1 1 1 1

(c) [(x1 + g)2 + (y1 + f )2 ]1/ 2 (d) None of these

80. The points of intersection of the line 4 x − 3y − 10 = 0 and the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 20 = 0 are
(a) (−2,−6), (4,2) (b) (2, 6),(−4,−2)
(c) (−2, 6),(−4, 2) (d) None of these
81. The angle between the tangents from (,  ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 , is
  2+ 2−a2
(a) tan −1  a (b) tan −1  
   
  +  −a 
2 2 2 a


(c) 2 tan −1   (d)a None ofthese
 
 2 +  2 − a2
 
82. The gradient of the tangent line at the point (a cos , a sin  ) to the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 ,is
(a) tan  (b) tan( −  )
(c) cot  (d) − cot 
83. The line y = mx + c intersects the circle x 2 + y 2 = r2 at two real distinct points, if
(a) − r 1+m2 c0 (b) 0cr 1+m2

(c) (a) and (b) both (d) −c 1−m2 r

84. If OA and OB are the tangents from the origin to the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 and C is the
centre of the circle, the area of the quadrilateral OACB is
1
(a) c(g 2 + f 2 − c) (b) c(g 2 + f 2 − c)
2

(d) g2+f 2−c

(c) c g2+f2−c
c

85. If a circle passes through the points of intersection of the coordinate axis with the lines
x − y + 1 = 0 and x − 2y + 3 = 0 , then the value of  is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
86. The equation of the tangent to the circle x 2 + y2 − 2x − 4y − 4 = 0 which is perpendicular to
3x−4y−1=0, is
(a) 4 x + 3y − 5 = 0 (b) 4 x + 3y + 25 = 0
(c) 4 x − 3y + 5 = 0 (d) 4 x + 3y − 25 = 0
87. Given the circles x 2 + y2 − 4 x − 5 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 6 x − 2y + 6 = 0 . Let P be a point (,  ) such that the
tangents from P to both the circles are equal, then
(a) 2 + 10  + 11 =0 (b) 2 − 10  + 11 =0

(c) 10 − 2  + 11 =0 (d) 10 + 2 + 11 = 0

88. If a  2b  0 then the positive value of m for which y = mx − b 1 + m 2 is a common tangent to

x 2 + y 2 = b 2 and (x − a)2 + y 2 = b 2 , is

2b (b) a2 − 4b 2
(a)
a2 −4b 2 2b
2b
(c) (d) b
a − 2b a − 2b
89. If a circle, whose centre is (–1, 1) touches the straight line x + 2y + 12 = 0 , then the
coordinates of the point of contact are
(a)  −7 ,−4  (b)  −18 −21  ,
   
 2   5 5 

(c)(2,–7) (d) (–2, –5)

90. The tangent at P, any point on the circle x2+y2=4, meets the coordinate axes in A and B,
then
(a) Length of AB is constant
(b) PA and PB are always equal
(c) The locus of the mid point of AB is x 2 + y 2 = x 2y 2

(d) None of these

91. If the circle (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = r2 touches the curve y = x 2 + 1 at a point (1, 2), then the possible
locations of the points (h, k) are given by
(a) hk = 5 / 2 (b) h + 2k = 5
(c) h2 − 4 k 2 = 5 (d) k 2 = h2 + 1
92. The line ax + by + c = 0 is a normal to the circle x 2 + y 2 = r2 . The portion of the line ax + by + c = 0

intercepted by this circle is of length

(a) r (b) r 2
(c) 2r (d) r

93. The gradient of the normal at the point (–2, –3) on the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 x + 4 y + 3 = 0 is

(a) 1 (b)–1
3
(c) (d) 1
2 2

94. A circle with centre (a, b) passes through the origin. The equation of the tangent to the
circle at the origin is
(a) ax − by = 0 (b) ax + by = 0
(c) bx − ay = 0 (d) bx + ay = 0
95. If x
+
y = 1 touches the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 , then point (1 / , 1 /  ) lies on a/an
 

(a) Straight line (b) Circle

(c) Parabola (d) Ellipse

96. Assertion (a) : The circle x 2 + y 2 = 1 has exactly two tangents parallel to the x-axis
dy
Reason (R) : =0 on the circle exactly at the point (0,1) . Of these statements
dx

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
97. If 5 x − 12 y + 10 = 0 and 12 y − 5 x + 16 = 0 are two tangents to a circle, then the radius of the circle is
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 4 (d) 6
98. The square of the length of the tangent from (3, –4) on the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 6y + 3 = 0 is

(a) 20 (b) 30
(c) 40 (d) 50
99. The locus of a point which moves so that the ratio of the length of the tangents to the
circles x 2 + y2 + 4 x + 3 = 0 and x 2 + y2 − 6 x + 5 = 0 is 2:3 is
(a) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 − 60 x + 7 = 0 (b) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 + 60 x − 7 = 0

(c) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 − 60 x − 7 = 0 (d) 5 x 2 + 5y 2 + 60 x + 7 = 0

100. The distance between the chords of contact of the tangents to the circle
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 from the origin and the point (g, f ) is

(a) 1  g2 + f 2 − c  (b) g2+f2−c

 
2  g2+f 2   2 
 g +f 
2
 

(c) 1g2+f 2−c (d) None of these

 
2  g2 + f 2  

101. If the middle point of a chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 + x − y − 1 = 0 be (1, 1), then the length of the
chord is
(a) 4 (b) 2

(c) 5 (d) None ofthese

102. Locus of the middle points of the chords of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 which are parallel to y=2x

will be
1
(a) A circle with radius a (b) A straight line with slope −
2

(c) A circle will centre (0, 0) (d) A straight line with slope – 2
103. The equation of the common chord of the circles (x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = c2 and (x − b)2 + (y − a)2 = c2 is
(a) x − y = 0 (b) x + y = 0
(c) x + y = a2 + b 2 (d) x − y = a2 − b 2
104. The co-ordinates of pole of line lx + my + n = 0 with respect to circles x 2 + y 2 = 1 , is

(a)  l m (b)  − l ,− m 
,
   
 ln nm   nl m n 
(c) ,− (d) − ,
   
n n  n n

105. The length of the chord intercepted by the circle x 2 + y 2 = r2 on the line x + y = 1 is
a b

r2(a2 + b 2) − a2b 2 r2(a2 + b 2 ) − a2b 2

(a) (b) 2
a2 + b 2 a2 + b 2

r2(a2 + b 2 ) − a2b 2
(c) 2 (d) None of these
a2 + b 2

106. A line lx + my + n = 0 meets the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 at the points P and Q. The tangents drawn at
the points P and Q meet at R, then the coordinates of R is
(a)  a2,l a2m  (b)  −,a2l − a2m 

 n n   n n 

(c)  a2,n a2n  (d) None of these

 l m 
 

107. The length of the common chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 + 2x + 3y + 1 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 4 x + 3y + 2 = 0 is

(a) 9 / 2 (b) 2 2

(c) 3 2 (d) 3 / 2

108. Length of the common chord of the circles x 2 + y 2 + 5 x + 7y + 9 = 0 and x 2 + y 2 + 7 x + 5 y + 9 = 0 is

(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d)6

109. If polar of a circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 with respect to (x ' , y' ) is Ax + By + C = 0 , then its pole will be
(a)  a2A,
a2 B  (b)  a2A, a2 B 
−C −C C C
   

  2 2 
(c)  a ,C a C  (d)  a2,C a2C 
A B −A −B 
   

110. If the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 cuts off a chord of length 2b from the line y = mx + c , then
(a) (1 − m 2)(a2 + b2 ) = c2 (b) (1 + m 2 )(a2 − b 2) = c2

(c) (1 − m 2)(a2 − b 2) = c2 (d) None ofthese

111. The radius of the circle, having centre at (2,1) whose one of the chord is a diameter of the
circle x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 6 y + 6 = 0 is
(a) 1 (b) 2

(c) 3 (d) 3

112. The intercept on the line y=x by the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2x = 0 is AB, equation of the circle on AB
as a diameter is
(a) x 2 + y 2 + x − y = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − x + y = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − x − y = 0

113. A line through (0,0) cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2ax = 0 at A and B, then locus of the centre of the
circle drawn on AB as a diameter is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 2ay = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 + ay = 0

(c) x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − ax = 0

114. From the origin chords are drawn to the circle (x − 1)2 + y 2 = 1 . The equation of the locus of
the middle points of these chords is
(a) x 2 + y 2 − 3 x = 0 (b) x 2 + y 2 − 3y = 0

(c) x2+y2−x=0 (d) x 2 + y 2 − y = 0

115. If the line x − 2y = k cuts off a chord of length 2 from the circle x2+y2=3, then k =
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c)  10 (d) None of these
116. The equation of the chord of the circle x 2 + y 2 = a2 having (x1, y1) as its mid-point is
(a) xy 1 + yx 1 = a2 (b) x1 + y1 = a

(c) xx 1 + yy1 = x 21 + y 21 (d) xx 1 + yy1 = a2

117. The equation of the circle with origin as centre passing the vertices of an equilateral
triangle whose median is of length 3a is
(a) x 2 + y 2 = 9a 2 (b) x 2 + y 2 = 16a 2
(c) x2+y2=a2 (d) None of these
 1
118. If  mi ,  , i = 1,2,3,4 are con-cyclic points, then the value of m1.m2 .m3 .m4 is
 mi 

(a) 1 (b) – 1
(c) 0 (d) None ofthese
119. Tangents are drawn from the point (4, 3) to the circle x2+y2=9. The area of the triangle
formed by them and the line joining their points of contact is
(a) 24 (b) 64
25 25

(c) 192 (d) 192

25 5

120. Let L1 be a straight line passing through the origin and L2 be the straight line x+y=1. If the
intercepts made by the circle x 2 + y 2 − x + 3y = 0 on L1 and L2 are equal, then which of the
following equations can represent L1

(a) x + y =0 (b) x − y = 0
(c) x − 7 y = 0 (d) x − 7 y = 0

121. The two points A and B in a plane are such that for all points P lies on circle satisfied
PA = k , then k will not be equal to
PB

(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) None ofthese
122. A circle is inscribed in an equilateral triangle of side a, the area of any square inscribed in
the circle is

2 3 a2
a 2
(a) (b) 3
 2 2
(c) a (d) a
6 12
123. The area of the triangle formed by joining the origin to the points of intersection of the
line x 5 + 2y = 3 5 and circle x 2 + y 2 = 10 is

(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 5 (d) 6
124. The abscissae of A and B are the roots of the equation x 2 + 2ax − b 2 = 0 and their ordinates
are the roots of the equation y 2 + 2 py − q 2 = 0 . The equation of the circle with AB as diameter
(a) x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2 py − b 2 − q 2 = 0
(b) x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + py − b 2 − q 2 = 0
(c) x 2 + y 2 + 2ax + 2 py + b 2 + q 2 = 0
(d) None of these
125. Let PQ and RS be tangents at the extremeties of the diameter PR of a circle of radius r. If
PS and RQ intersect at a point X on the circumference of the circle, then 2r equals
(a) PQ.RS (b) PQ + RS
2

2PQ. RS PQ 2 + RS 2
(c) (d)
PQ + RS 2

126. Let AB be a chord of the circle x2+y2= subtending a right angle at the centre. Then the
r2

locus of the centroid of the PAB as P moves on the circle is

(a) A parabola (b) Acircle

(c) An ellipse (d) A pair of straightlines

127. If two distinct chords, drawn from the point (p, q) on the circle x 2 + y 2 = px + qy , (where
pq  0 ) are bisected by the x-axis, then
(a) p 2 = q2 (b) p 2 = 8 q 2

(c) p 2  8q 2 (d) p 2  8q 2

128. If a straight line through C(− 8 , 8 ) making an angle of 135 with the x-axis cuts the circle
x = 5 cos  , y = 5 sin  at points A and B, then the length of AB is
(a) 3 (b) 7

(c) 10 (d) None ofthese

129. A chord AB drawn from the point A(0,3) on circle x 2 + 4 x + (y − 3)2 =0 meets to M in such a way
that AM = 2 AB , then the locus of point M will be
(a) Straight line (b) Circle

(c) Parabola (d) None ofthese

130. If a circle passes through the point (a, b)and cuts the circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 orthogonally, then
locus of its centre is
(a) 2ax − 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0

(b) 2ax + 2by − (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0

(c) 2ax − 2by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0

(d) 2ax + 2by + (a 2 + b 2 + 4) = 0

131. The locus of centre of the circle which touches the circle x 2 + (y − 1)2 = 1 externally and also
touches x-axis is
(a) {(x, y): x 2 + (y − 1)2 = 4}  {(x, y) : y  0}
(b) {(x, y): x 2 = 4 y}  {(0, y) : y  0}
(c) {(x, y): x 2 = y}  {(0, y) : y  0}
(d) {(x, y): x 2 = 4 y}  {(x, y) : y  0}
132. The tangents are drawn from the point (4, 5) to the circle x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 2y − 11 = 0 . The area of
quadrilateral formed by these tangents and radii, is
(a) 15 sq. units (b) 75 sq. units (c)8 sq. units (d)4 sq. units
 CIRCLES
HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (c) Let the equation of circle be x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 . Now on passing through the points,
we get three equations.
c=0 ….(i)
a 2 + 2ga + c = 0 ….(ii)
b 2 + 2 fb + c = 0 ….(iii)
a b
On solving them, we get g=− ,f=−
2 2

Hence the centre is  a , b .

 2 2
2. (c) Centre is (2, 3). One end is (3, 4).
P2 divides the join of P1 and O in ratio of 2 : 1.
4−3 6−4
Hence P is ,  (1, 2) .
2  
 2 − 1 2 − 1

3 
3. (d) Obviously the centre of the circle is  , 2 .
2 

Therefore, the equation of circle is

 3 2  5 2
 x −  + (y − 2) =    x 2 + y 2 − 3 x − 4 y = 0 .
2

 2  2

4. (b) Let us find the equation of family of circles through (2, − 2) and (−1, − 1) .
i.e. (x − 2)(x + 1) + (y + 2)(y + 1) +  y + 2 − x − 2  =
0

 2 + 1
−2+1

Now for point (5, 2) to lie on it, we should have  given by

4  30
3.6+4.3+ −1 =0= =6
 
−1 5

Hence equation is
y+ 2 x−2
(x − 2)(x + 1) + (y + 2)(y + 1) + 6 − =0

 − 1 3


Or x 2 + y 2 − 3 x − 3y − 8 = 0 .
5. (a) The point of intersectionof 3 x + y − 14 = 0 and 2 x + 5 y − 18 = 0 are
−18 + 70 −28 + 54
x= ,y=  x = 4, y = 2
15 − 2 13

i.e., point is (4, 2).

Therefore radius is (9) + (16) = 5 and equation is x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y − 20 = 0 .

6. (b)The point of intersection is

x = a cos  + b sin 

y = a sin  − b cos  .

Therefore, x 2 + y 2 = a 2 + b 2 .
Obviously, it is equation of a circle.
7. (d) If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 touches the x-axis,
then − f = g2+f2−c  g 2 = c...............................................(i)

and cuts a chord of length 2l from y-axis

2 f 2 − c = 2l  f 2 − c = l 2 ….(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), we get f 2 − g 2 = l 2 .
Hence the locus is y 2 − x 2 = l 2 , which is obviously a hyperbola.
8. (d) Obviously the centre of the given circle is (1,− 2) . Since the sides of square are parallel to the
axes, therefore, first three alternates cannot be vertices of square because in first two (a and b)
y = −2 and in (c) x = 1 , which passes through centre (1, − 2) but it is not possible. Hence answer
(d) is correct.
9. (b) Let the centre of the required circle be (x1 , y1 ) and the centre of given circle is (1, 2). Since
radii of both circles are same, therefore, point of contact (5, 5) is the mid point of the line
joining the centres of both circles. Hence x 1= 9 and y1 = 8 . Hence the required equation is
(x − 9)2 + (y − 8)2 = 25

10. (a) Using condition of point circle

R= g2+f2−c =0g2+f2=c .
11. (b) Two, centre of each lying on the perpendicular bisector of the join of the two points.

12. (c) Obviously radius = (1 − 4)2 + (2 − 6)2 =5

Hence the area is given by r2 = 25 sq. units .

13. (b) First find the centre. Let centre be (h, k), then
 (h − 2)2 + (k − 3)2 = (h − 4)2 + (k − 5)2 ….(i)
and k − 4 h + 3 = 0 ….(ii)
From (i), we get −4 h − 6k + 8h + 10k = 16 + 25 − 4 − 9

Or 4h + 4k − 28 = 0 or h + k − 7 = 0 ….(iii)
From (iii) and (ii), we get (h, k) as (2, 5). Hence centre is (2, 5) and radius is 2. Now
find the equation of circle.
14. (d) (x − 2)2 + (y − 2)2 = 4
x2+4−4x+y2+4−4y=4

15. (c) Equation of circle passing through (0, 0) is

x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy = 0 ….(i)
Also, circle (i) is passing through (0, b) and (a, b)
f=−
b
and a 2 + b 2 + 2ag + 2  − b  b = 0
 
2  2
a
g=−
2

Hence the equations of circle is, x 2 + y 2 − ax − by = 0 .

16. (b) Touches x-axis, hence radius = ordinate of centre. Hence g2+f2−c = (− f ) or g2=c.

17. (b) Centre of circle = Point of intersection of diameters = (1, –1)

Now area = 154  r 2 = 154  r = 7

Hence the equation of required circle is

(x − 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 7 2  x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y = 47 .

18. (c) Here 2 g 2 − c = 2a  g 2 − a2 − c = 0 ......... (i)

and it passes through (0, b), therefore

b 2 + 2 fb + c = 0 ….(ii)
On adding (i) and (ii), we get g 2 + 2 fb = a 2 − b 2

Hence locus is x 2 + 2by = a 2 − b 2 .

19. (c) 2 g 2 − c = 2a ….(i)

2 f 2 − c = 2b ….(ii)

On squaring (i) and (ii) and then subtracting (ii) from (i), we get g2−f2=a2−b2.

Hence the locus is x 2 − y 2 = a 2 − b 2 .

20. (c) It is a fundamental concept.
21. (a) Equation of circle concentric to given circle is x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12 y + k = 0

….(i)
Radius of circle (i) = 2 (radius of given circle)
 9 + 36 − k = 2 9 + 36 − 15

 45 − k = 60  k = −15

Hence the required equation of circle is

x 2 + y 2 − 6 x + 12 y − 15 = 0 .

22. (a) According to the question, the required circle passes through (0,–1). Therefore, the
radius is the distance between the points (0, –1) and (1, –2) i.e., 2 .
Hence the equation is (x − 1)2 + (y + 2)2 = ( 2 )2

x2+y2−2x+4y+3=0

23. (c) Conditions are g=f=r and g2+f2−c =r g = c .

24. (a) Here r = 10 (radius)
Centre will be the point of intersection of the diameters, i.e. (8, –2). Hence required
equation is
(x − 8)2 + (y + 2)2 = 10 2  x 2 + y 2 − 16 x + 4 y − 32 = 0 .

25. (d) If c = 0 ; circle passes throughorigin.

26. (b) We have the equation ofcircle
x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0

(–g,0)
X X

Y

But it passes through (0, 0) and (2, 1), then

c=0 ….(i)
5+4g+2f=0 ….(ii)
Also g 2 + f 2 − c =| g |  f=0 {□ c = 0}

5
From (ii), g=−
4
27. (c) Radius = 2, C (0, 0)
Y

x = –1 x=1
X' X
–1 1

Y'

Equation of circle can be found from this.

1
28. (a) The circle is x 2+y 2− x=0.
2
Centre (−g, − f) =  1 , 0  and R = 1
=
1
.
  +0−0
4  16 4

29. (a) Required equation is (x − a)2 + (y − a)2 = a 2

 x 2 + y 2 − 2ax − 2ay + a 2 = 0 .

30. (a) Centre is  a , b  and radius = a2+b2

22 4
Y

(a/2, b/2)
b
a X
O

31. (c) Obviously from figure,

Y

(0,3) r 3
X
O 4

Radius is r= 42+32 =5 .

32. (c) Solving y=0 and y + 3x=6, we get (2 3 , 0) , only option (c) satisfies the co-ordinate.
 n1   n1 
− 0  , B  0, − m 
33. (a) Line l1 x + m1 y + n1 = 0 cuts x and y-axes in A l , and line l2 x + m 2 y + n2 = 0 cuts
 1   1 

 n2   − n2 
axes in C − , 0  , D 0, .
l m
 2   2 

So AC and BD are chords along x and y-axes intersecting at origin O. Since A, B, C, D

are concyclic, so OA.OC = OB.OD
  n1   n2   n1   n2 
Or − l  − l  = − m  − m 
 1  2   1 2 

Or | l1 l2 | = | m1 m 2 |
So l1 l2 = m1 m 2 is correct among the given choices, which is given in (a).
34. x(a) verification
35. (b) It is clear from the figure that diameter is m + n .

X
Y
(m+n)
B A

O
90o
n m

36. (a) Centre (–2, 1), radius = 36 + 4 = 40

Hence equation of circle is x 2 + y 2 + 4 x − 2y − 35 = 0 .

37. (d) (x + 4)(x − 12) + (y − 3)(y + 1) = 0

38. (c) Radius = Distance from origin =  2+ 2

 (x − )2 + (y −  )2 =  2 +  2

 x 2 + y 2 − 2x − 2y = 0 .

39. (d)Let the centre be (h, k), then radius = h

Also CC1 = R1 + R2

or (h − 3)2 + (k − 3)2 = h + 9 + 9 − 14

 (h − 3)2 + (k − 3)2 = h2 + 4 + 4 h

 k 2 − 10 h − 6k + 14 = 0 or y 2 − 10 x − 6y + 14 = 0 .
40. (c) Let AB be the chord of length 2 , O be centre of the circle and let OC be the
perpendicular from O on AB. Then

45°
A C B

AB = 2

2 1
AC = BC = =
2 2

1
In  OBC , OB = BC cosec 45 o = . 2 =1
2

Area of the circle =  (OB)2 =  .

41. (a) It is obvious.

42. (c) The circle g, f, c passes through (2, 0)
4+4g+c=0 ….(i)

Intercept on x-axis is 2 (g 2 − c) = 5

 4(g 2 + 4 g + 4) = 25 by (i)

9 1
Or (2g + 9)(2g − 1) = 0  g =− ,
2 2

9 9
Since centre (−g, − f) lies in 1st quadrant, we choose g=− so that −g=
(positive).
2 2

 c = 14 , (from (i)).

43. (c) Both the circles given in option (a) and (b) satisfy the given conditions.
44. (b) The centre of the circle which touches each axis in first quadrant at a distance 5, will
be (5, 5) and radius will be 5.
 (x − h)2 + (y − k)2 = a 2  (x − 5)2 + (y − 5)2 = (5)2

 x 2 + y 2 − 10 x − 10 y + 25 = 0 .

45. (a) Centre is (1, − 1) (point of intersection of two given lines) and r 2 = 154  r = 7
 Equation of required circle is (x − 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 49
 x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 47 = 0.
46. (b) □ Radius of circle = perpendicular distance of tangent from the centre of circle

47. (d) Since circle touches the co-ordinate axes in IIIquadrant.

r
r
(h1k)

 Radius = −h = −k . Hence h = k = −5

 Equation of circle is (x + 5)2 + (y + 5)2 = 25.

48. (d) According to question two diameters of the circle are 2 x + 3y + 1 = 0 and 3x−y−4=0

Solving, we get x = 1, y = −1

 Centre of the circle is (1, – 1)

Given 2r = 10  r = 5

 Required circle is (x − 1)2 + (y + 1)2 = 5 2

or x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y − 23 = 0 .
49. (b) The equation of circle through points (0, 0), (1, 3) and (2, 4) is
x 2 + y 2 − 10 x = 0

50. (d) Radius of given circle = g2+f2−c

g2 + f 2 = c (given),  Radius = 0.

51. (d) Suppose the centre of circle be (h, k) . Since it touches the y - axis ,  radius of circle = h
Now (h − 2)2 + k 2 = h2  h2 + 4 − 4 h + k 2 = h2

k2=4h−4. Hence the locus of centre is y 2 = 4 x − 4 , which is a parabola.

52. (d)Comparing the given equation with x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 , we get g=5

 Length of intercept on x-axis = 2 g2−c

 =2 (5)2 − 9 = 8.
53. (b) x = 2 + 3 cos  , y = 3 sin  − 1

x 2 + y 2 = 4 + 9 cos 2  + 12 cos  + 9 sin2  + 1 − 6 sin 

= 14 + 12 cos  − 6 sin 

= 4(2 + 3 cos  ) − 2(3 sin  − 1) + 4

 x 2 + y 2 = 4 x − 2y + 4
 (x 2 − 4 x + 4) + (y 2 + 2y + 1) = 9
 (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 9 ,  centre is (2,−1) .
54. (b) The equation of circle passing through (0, 0), (2, 0) and (0, – 2) is x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 2y = 0 . If it
passes through (k, − 2) , then k 2 + 4 − 2k − 4 = 0  k = 0, 2
□(0, − 2) is already a point on circle  k = 2.

55. (a) x1, x2 are roots of x2+2x+3=0

 x1 + x 2 = −2
x1 + x 2 (x + x )/2,(y +y )/2)
 = −1 1 2 1 2
2
Centre (x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

y1, y2 are roots of y 2 + 4 y − 12 = 0

y1 + y 2
 y1 + y2 = −4  = −2
2

Centre of circle  x1 + x 2 , y1 + y2  = (−1,−2) .

 2 2 

56. (c) The other end is (t, 3 − t)

So the equation of the variable circle is

(x − 1)(x − t) + (y − 1)(y − 3 + t) = 0

Or x 2 + y 2 − (1 + t)x − (4 − t)y + 3 = 0

 The centre (,  ) is given by

 1+t 4−t
= ,=
2 2

 2 + 2  = 5

Hence, the locus is 2 x + 2y = 5 .

57. (b) Since the perpendicular drawn on chord from O(x, y) bisects the chord.
NM = a OM = y

(ON )2 = (OM )2 + (ON )2

D x
x =y
2 2 + a2
n aM

x 2 − y 2 = a2

58. (b) According to thecondition,

(5)2 + (3)2 + 2(5) + k (3) + 17 = 7

 61 + 3k = 49  k = −4 .

59. (b) Here the equation of AB (chord of contact) is

0 + 0 − 3(x + 0) − 4(y + 0) + 21 = 0

 3 x + 4 y − 21 = 0 ….(i)
A
2
O M C
(0,0) (3,4)
2
B

CM = perpendicular distance from (3, 4) to line (i) is

3  3 + 4  4 − 21 4
=
9 + 16 5

16 = 2 21
AM = AC 2 − CM 2 = 4 −
25 5

4
 AB = 2 AM = 21 .
5

60. (a) Points where x+7=0 meets the circle x 2 + y 2 = 50 are (−7, 1) and (−7, − 1) . Hence equations
of tangents at these points are −7 x  y = 50 or 7 x  y + 50 = 0 .
61. (c) According to the condition of tangency
a cos  + b sin − (a cos  + b sin) − r
r=
cos 2  + sin2 

 r =| −r |  r = r .
62. (c) We know that the equation of normal to the circle x2+y2=a2 at the point (x 1 , y1 ) is

x y
− =0.
x 1 y1

x y
Therefore , − =0x−y=0.
1/2 1/2

63. (a) Required equations are given by SS 1 = T 2

 (x 2 + y 2 − 2 x + 4 y)(1 + 4) = {y − 1(x) + 2(y + 1)}2

 2 x 2 − 2y 2 − 3 x + 4 y + 3 xy − 2 = 0

 (2 x − y + 1)(x + 2y − 2) = 0 .

64. (c) y = mx + c is a tangent, if c = a 1 + m 2 , where m = tan 45 o = 1

 The equation is y=x 6 2 .

65. (c) Length of tangent is given by LT = S 1 = 49 = 7 .

66. (b) If the line lx + my − 1 = 0 touches the circle x2+y2=a2, then applying the condition of
l.0 + m.0 − 1
tangency, we have  =a
l2+m2
1
On squaring and simplifying, we get the required locus x2+y2= . Hence it is a circle.
a2

67. (a)The abscissa of point is found by substituting the ordinates and solving for abscissa.
 x 2 − 8 x + 15 = 0

8  64 − 60 8  2 or 3
x= = =5
2 2

i.e., points are (5, − 1) and (3, –1).

x−5
Normal is given by, = y +1  2 x + y − 9 = 0
5 − 4 −1 −1

x−3 y +1
and = 2x−y−7=0.
3 − 4 −1 −1

68. (c) k = 3, as perpendicular from centre on line = radius.

f
2 +g2−6 4
69. (c) According to the condition, = f2+g2+4f+4g+2=0.
f + g + 3 f + 3g
2 2 1

70. (b) Normal passes through centre, therefore b = ma + c .

71. (a) From formula of tangent at a point,
 ab 2   a2b  a2b 2 x y
x  + y  = 2 2
 + = 1.
 a2 + b 2   a2 + b 2  a +b a b
   
72. (a) The equation of tangents will be
c(x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c) = (gx + fy + c)2

These tangents are perpendicular, hence the coefficients of x2+ coefficients of y2=0

 c − g 2 + c − f 2 = 0  f 2 + g 2 = 2c .

73. (d) Its centre is of type (c, c) and radius is

4 c + 3c − 12
= c2 c =6.
5

74. (a) Tangent is x − 2y − 5 = 0 and points of intersection with circle x 2 + y 2 − 8 x + 6 y + 20 = 0 are

given by
4 y 2 + 25 + 20 y + y 2 − 16 y − 40 + 6y − 20 = 0

 5y 2 + 10 y + 5 = 0

75. (b)Length of tangent is S1 .

r2
x2+y − = 0
2
Equation of circle is
a
r2
Hence =2+ 2− .
S1
a

76. (c) Centres of circles are C1 (2, 3) and C 2 (−3, − 9) and their radii are r1 = 5 and r2 = 8 .
Obviously r1 + r2 = C1 C 2 i.e., circles touch each other externally. Hence there are three
common tangents.
77. (a) T  x + 3y−4=0

(1,3)

O (4,0)

1
Hence the required area = 4 3 =2 3 .
2

78. (d)Suppose that the point be (h, k). Tangent at (h, k) is hx + ky = a2  x − y = − 2a

or h = k = a2 a a
or h = − ,k=
1 −1 − 2a 2 2

Therefore, point of contact is  − a , a  .

 2 2
79. (a) concept
3 y + 10
80. (a) Substituting x= in equation of circle, we get a quadratic in y. Solving, we get two
4

values of y as 2 and – 6 from which we get value of x.

81. (c) tan  =
CT1
= a
2 PT1 2+2−a2

T2

 C

P(,)

T1

82. (d) Equation of a tangent at (a cos, a sin) to the circle x2+y2=a2 is ax cos  + ay sin  = a 2 .
a cos 
Hence its gradient is − = − cot  .
a sin 

83. (c) Substituting equation of line y = mx + c in circle x2+y2=r2

84. (b)Area of quadrilateral = 2 [area of OAC ]

1 A . AC =
= 2. O S 1. g 2 + f 2 − c
2

O C

85. (b)Points of intersection with co-ordinateBaxes are  1

−
 and (−  3 .
 , 0  , (0, 1) 3, 0),  0, 2 
    
 3  7 x 5y 3
Equation of circle through (0, 1), (–3, 0) and is x + y + − + =0.
2 2
0,
 2 2 2 2

86. (d)Tangent is of form 4 x + 3y + c = 0 . From condition of tangency to the circle, we get c = −25 .

Hence equation is 4 x + 3y − 25 = 0 .
87. (c) Accordingly,  2 +  2 − 4 − 5 =  2 +  2 + 6 − 2 + 6
 10 − 2  + 11 = 0 .

88. (a) Any tangent to x 2 + y 2 = b 2 is

y = mx − b 1 + m 2 . It touches (x − a)2 + y 2 = b 2 ,

ma − b 1 + m 2
if =b or ma = 2b 1+m2
m +1
2
 2b
or m 2a2 = 4 b 2 + 4 b 2m 2 ,  m =  .
a2 − 4b 2

89. (b) Let point of contact be P(x 1 , y1 ) .

P(x1,y1)

O(–1,1)

90. (c) Let P(x 1 , y1 ) be a point on x2+y2=4

91. (b) Put point (1, 2) in each option, only equation h + 2k = 5 satisfies. Hence option (b) is
correct.
92. (c) Length of intercepted part is diameter i.e., 2r.
93. (a) The equation of tangent at point (−2, − 3) to the circle x2+y2+2x+4y+3=0 is,
−2 x − 3 y + 1(x − 2) + 2(y − 3) + 3 = 0

 −2 x − 3y + x − 2 + 2y − 6 + 3 = 0

−x−y−5=0x+y+5=0

or y = − x − 5 ; so, m = −1
−1
Hence, gradient of normal = =1.
−1
 1  a
94. (b) Obviously the slope of the tangent will be −  i.e., − .
 b /a  b

(a,b)

X
O

a
Hence the equation of the tangent is y=− x
b

95. (b) y = −  x +  touches the circle,


2 2 
 2 1 1 1
+ =
  = a 1  2    2  2 a2

 
11  1 2
 Locus of  ,  is x + y =   .
2 2

 a
96. (a) Both the sentences are true and R is the correct explanation of A, because for tangents
dy = 0 .
which are parallel to x- axis,
dx

97. (a) Given tangents are

5 x − 12y + 10 = 0, 5 x − 12 y − 16 = 0

c1 − c2 26
Radius = = =1.
2 a2 +b 2 2.13

98. (c) Length of tangent

= 32 + (−4)2 − 4 (3) − 6 (−4) + 3 = 40

 Square of length of tangent = 40 .

99. (d) Let the point be (x1, y1)

x12 + y12 + 4 x 1 + 3 2
According to question, =
x +y −6x+5
2 2 3

Squaring both sides, x2+y2+4x +3 4

1 1
x2 +y −6x+5= 9
2 1
1 1 1

 9 x1 + 9y 2 + 36 x + 27 = 4 x 2 + 4 y 2 − 24 x + 20
1 1 1 1 1

 5 x + 5y + 60 x + 7 = 0
2 2

1 1 1

Hence, locus is 5 x 2 + 5 y 2 + 60 x + 7 = 0 .
100. (a) Chord of contact from origin  gx + fy + c = 0

and from (g, f)  gx + fy + g(x + g) + f(y + f) + c = 0

Or 2gx + 2 fy + g 2 + f 2 + c = 0
g2+f 2+c
−
2 c g2+f 2−c
 Distance = = .
g 2+f 2 2g2+f2

101. (d)the point (1, 1) lies outside the circle, therefore no such chord exist.
102. (b) Since locus of middle point of all chords is the diameter, perpendicular to the chord.
103. (a) We know that the equation of common chord is S 1− S 2= 0 , where S 1 and S 2 are the
equations of given circles, therefore
(x − a)2 + (y − b)2 + c 2 − (x − b)2 − (y − a)2 − c 2 = 0

 2bx − 2ax + 2ay − 2by = 0  2(b − a)x − 2(b − a)y = 0  x − y = 0 .

104. (b) Let pole be (x1, y1) then polar
 l m
=− ,y =− .
will be xx1 + yy1 = 1 comparing with lx + my + n = 0  x1 1
n n
105. (b) Length of chord
= 2{(radius) 2 − (length of ⊥from centre to chord )2}1 / 2

  2 1/2
= 2r2 −  − 1  
2  
  (1 / a 2 ) + 
(1 / b )
   

=
r 2 (a2 + b 2 ) − a 2b 2
2 .
a2+b2

106. (b) Suppose point be (h, k). Equation of common chord of contact is
hx + ky − a 2 = 0  lx + my + n = 0

or h = k = − a −a2l
, k =−a m.
2 2
or h =
l m n n n

107. (b) Equation of common chord PQ is 2x + 1 = 0

1
C M = perpendicular distance of common chord from centre C = −2+1 =−
1 1
22 2

M (–1,–3/2)
C2 C1

Here; C − 1,− 3 ,Qr = 3 = C P

1  1 1
2
 2
9 1
=2 − =2 2 .
PQ = 2PM = 2 C1P2 − C1M 2 4 4

108. (d) Equation of common chord is S1 − S 2 = 0

 2 x − 2y = 0 i.e., x−y=0

1
□ Length of perpencicular drawn from C1 to x − y = 0 is 2

19 1
 Length of common chord =2 − =6 .
2 2

2
109. (a) Polar of the circle is xx '+yy ' = a 2 , but it is given by Ax + By + C = 0 , then x'
=
y'
=
a
A B −C

 a, A a2B 
2
Hence pole is .
−C −C 

110. (b) We know CD = ….(i)

But according to figure,
 2
a2−b 2
= CD C (0,0)
a b
D c2
A y=mx+c
From (i) get a 2 − b 2 =
(1 + m 2 )

 (a2 − b 2 )(1 + m 2 ) = c 2 .
111. (c) The centre of the given circle is (1, 3) and radius is 2. So, AB is a diameter of the given
circle has its midpoint as (1, 3). The radius of the required circle is 3.
112. (d) Given, circle is x 2 + y 2 − 2 x = 0 ........................................ (i)

and line is y = x...................................................... (ii)

Puting y=x in (i),

B
We get 2 x 2 − 2 x = 0  x = 0, 1
y=x

From (i), y = 0 , 1
A
Let A = (0, 0) , B = (1, 1)

Equation of required circle is

(x − 0)(x − 1) + (y − 0)(y − 1) = 0

or x 2 + y 2 − x − y = 0 .

113. (d) Let chord AB is y = mx . ... (i)

Equation of CM, x + my = 

It is passing through (a, 0)

 x + my = a............................................................... (ii)

M x2 + y2 – 2ax = 0
(0, 0)
C (a, 0)

=a
y
From (i) and (ii), x + y. x 2 + y 2 = ax
x

114. (c) The given circle is x2+y 2−2x=0. Let (x1 , y1 ) be the middle point of any chord of this
circle, than its equation is S 1 = T .
or x 2 + y 2 − 2 x = xx + yy − (x + x )
1 1 1 1 1 1

If it passes through (0, 0), then

x 2 + y 2 − 2 x = −x  x 2 + y 2 − x = 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 Hence the required locus of the given point (x 1 , y1 ) is x 2 + y 2 − x = 0 .
115. (c) Obviously BC = 2

C (0,0)
3
1B
A
x – 2y – k = 0

0 − 2.0 − k
Hence,  = 2  k =  10 .
12 + (−2)2

116. (c) T = S 1 is the equation of desired chord, hence

xx 1 + yy 1 − a 2 = x 21+ y 2
1− a 2  xx 1 + yy 1 = x 2 + 1y 2
. 1

2
117. (d)Centre (0, 0), radius = 3a  = 2a .
3

Hence circle x 2 + y 2 = 4 a 2 as centroid divides median in the ratio of 2 : 1 .

118. (a) Let equation of circle be x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0 . If  1  lies on this circle, then
m,  
 m
1 1
m2 + + 2 gm + 2 f +c=0
m2 m

or m 4 + 2gm 3 + 2 fm + cm 2 + 1 = 0
This is a fourth degree equation in m having m1 , m 2 , m 3 , m 4 as its roots.
1
Therefore, m1 m 2 m 3 m 4 = product of roots = =1.
1

a
119. (c) Required area = (h 2 + k 2 − a 2 )3 / 2
h +k2 2

192
=
3 (4 2 + 3 2 − 9)3 / 2 = .
4 +3
2 2
25

120. (b) Let the equation of line passing through origin be y = mx . Therefore
x 2 + y 2 − x + 3y = 0  x 2 + m 2 x 2 − x + 3mx = 0

 x[x(1 + m 2 ) − (1 − 3m)] = 0

121. (b) Let A = (a, 0) , B = (−a, 0) , P = (,  )

PA2
 = 2k  ( − a)2 +  2 = k 2[( + a)2 +  2 ]
PB2

 Locus is (x 2 + y 2 )(1 − k 2 ) − 2a(1 + k 2 )x + (1 − k 2 )a2 = 0

This is a circle for k  1 .

 a
122. (c) If p be the altitude, then p = a sin 60 o = 3.
2
A

P O
r
a x Gr
x
S R
B
D C
Since the traingle is equilateral, therefore centroid, orthocentre, circumcentre and incentre
all coincide.
1 a
Hence, radius of the inscribed circle = p= = r or diameter = 2r =
a
.
3 23 3

Now if x be the side of the square inscribed, then angle in a semicircle being a right angle,
hence
a2
x 2 + x 2 = d 2 = 4r 2  2 x 2 =
3

123. (c) Length of perpendicular from origin to the line x 5 + 2y = 3 5 is

Q
L
O
10 P
5 x + 2y = 3 5

3 5 35
OL = = = 5
(5 )2 +2 2 9

Radius of the given circle = 10 = OQ = OP

PQ = 2QL = 2 OQ 2 − OL2 = 2 10 − 5 = 2 5

1 1
Thus area of OPQ =  PQ  OL =  2 5  5 = 5 .
2 2

124. (a) Let A(x 1 , y1 ) and B(x 2 , y 2 ) ,then

x1 + x 2 = −2a , x 1 x 2 = −b 2

y1 + y 2 = −2 p, y1 y 2 = −q 2

Now find centre and radius and hence the equation of circle.
125. (a) tan  = PQ = PQ
PR 2r S Q

Also   RS X
tan  −   =
2  2r /2

R r r
  −  
2 
 RS
i.e., cot  =
2r

 tan  . cot  = PQ.RS

4r 2

 4r2 = PQ.RS  2r = (PQ)(RS ) .

126. (b) Let thecentroid = ( ,  )

r + r sin
Then  = r + r cos  , =
3 3

Or  − r 2  r 2 r 2
  +  −  =
 3  3 9
Y
B (0, r)
P (r cos, r sin)
A (r, 0)
O X

 The locus is   x − r 2  r 2  r  , which is a circle.

 +  y−  =  
 3  3  3

127. (d) Let (h, 0) be a point on x-axis, then the equation of chord whose mid-point is (h, 0) will
be
1 1
xh − p(x + h) − q(y + 0) = h 2 − ph
2 2

128. (c) Line AB is x + y = 0 , which is diameter of the circle x 2 + y 2 = 25 . Its length = 2r = 10 .

129. (b)  h  2 + 4 h  +  k + 3 − 3 2 = 0
 
 2 2  2 

Y
(–2,3) (0,3)
A
B
M

X O

h 2 8 h (k − 3)2
 + + = 0
4 4 4

or x 2 + y 2 + 8 x − 6y + 9 = 0 , which is a circle.

130. (b) Let the variable circle be

x 2 + y 2 + 2gx + 2 fy + c = 0........................ (i)

Circle (i) cuts circle x 2+y2−4 =0 orthogonally

 2g. 0 + 2 f .0 = c − 4  c = 4

Since circle (i) passes through (a, b)

  a2 + b 2 + 2ga + 2 fb + 4 = 0

Locus of centre (−g, − f) is

2ax + 2by − (a2 + b 2 + 4) = 0 .

131. (d) The given normals are x − 3y = 0, x − 3 = 0 which intersect at centre whose co-ordinates
are (3, 1). The given circle is C1(3, − 3) r1= 1, C2 is (3, 1) and r2 = (?) . If the two circles touch
externally, then C1C2 = r1 + r2  4 = 1 + r2  r2 = 3
 (x − 3)2 + (y − 1)2 = 3 2 or x 2 + y 2 − 6 x − 2y + 1 = 0 .

132. (c) Length of each tangent

L2 = (4)2 + (5)2 − (4  4) − (2  5) − 11

L=2

r= 2 2 + 12 − (−11)

r=4

Area =Lr=8 sq. units.